Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies that are specific to antigens or epitopes. They are produced by fusing plasma cells with myeloma cells to form hybridomas. Monoclonal antibodies have two main applications - diagnostic and therapeutic. For diagnosis, they are used in assays and imaging to detect hormones, tumors, infections, and other biomarkers. Therapeutically, they can directly enhance immune response against pathogens and cancers or be used as targeting agents coupled with drugs, toxins, or radioisotopes to deliver high doses to specific tissues.
Bacteriobots used in cancer treatment
This research offer an alternative way instead of chemotherapy
Bacteria based micro robot ( Bacteriobot )
Bacteriobot = genetically engineered Bacteria + micro structure bead ( drug )
Why Bacteriobots?
Specific .. target cancer cells but not normal cells
Fast .. one day make sense with cancer treatment
Depends on biodegradable and biocompatible materials
optimal drug quantities delivered to the target cells
Bacteriobots used in cancer treatment
This research offer an alternative way instead of chemotherapy
Bacteria based micro robot ( Bacteriobot )
Bacteriobot = genetically engineered Bacteria + micro structure bead ( drug )
Why Bacteriobots?
Specific .. target cancer cells but not normal cells
Fast .. one day make sense with cancer treatment
Depends on biodegradable and biocompatible materials
optimal drug quantities delivered to the target cells
n overview of current immunotherapy therapies used to treat cancer. Also provides MOA of various medications, and updates on SITC guidelines for metastatice melanoma.
Therapeutic prospects in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Interleukins for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
BCG for Bladder Cancer.
Vaccination Strategies: Oncolytic virus for melanoma, Dendritic Cell therapy for CA Prostate.
Immune Checkpoint inhibitors. PD1 and PD L1 inhibitors.
Adoptive Cell Therpay. CAR T Cell Therapy
Clinical efficacy. Costs.
Tumor, Tumor immunology, cancer, hallmarks of cancer, carcinoma, lymphoma, metastasis, malignant, benign, angiogenesis, oncogenes and cancer induction, kuby detailed study quick revision, proto-oncogenes, tumor antigens, antibody, experiments for tumor antigens, methods for characterization of TSTA, Immunoediting, Current research n new approaches, monoclonal antibody
n overview of current immunotherapy therapies used to treat cancer. Also provides MOA of various medications, and updates on SITC guidelines for metastatice melanoma.
Therapeutic prospects in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Interleukins for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
BCG for Bladder Cancer.
Vaccination Strategies: Oncolytic virus for melanoma, Dendritic Cell therapy for CA Prostate.
Immune Checkpoint inhibitors. PD1 and PD L1 inhibitors.
Adoptive Cell Therpay. CAR T Cell Therapy
Clinical efficacy. Costs.
Tumor, Tumor immunology, cancer, hallmarks of cancer, carcinoma, lymphoma, metastasis, malignant, benign, angiogenesis, oncogenes and cancer induction, kuby detailed study quick revision, proto-oncogenes, tumor antigens, antibody, experiments for tumor antigens, methods for characterization of TSTA, Immunoediting, Current research n new approaches, monoclonal antibody
Literature Review on Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Hybridoma Techn...Tuhin Samanta
Antibodies or immunoglobulin's are protein particles delivered by a specific gathering of cells called B-lymphocytes in creatures. These are a piece of the guard framework to ensure the body against the attacking outside substances to be specific antigens.
Monoclonal immunizer (Mab) is a solitary sort of neutralizer that is coordinated against a particular antigenic determinant (epitope). Eternal monoclonal counter acting agent are found in patients experiencing an infection called different myeloma. In 1975 George Kohler and Cesar Milstein were effectively hybridize counter acting agent delivering B-lymphocytes with myeloma cells in vitro and make a hybridoma. The creation of monoclonal immune response by half and half cells is alluded to as hybridoma innovation.
Monoclonal Antibodies and it's applications.pptxAfroj Shaikh
SlideShare Description: Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Applications
In the rapidly advancing field of biotechnology, monoclonal antibodies have emerged as powerful tools with diverse applications. This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of monoclonal antibodies and their wide-ranging uses in various fields, including medicine, research, and diagnostics.
The presentation begins by explaining the fundamental concept of monoclonal antibodies, highlighting their unique structure and production process. It delves into the significance of hybridoma technology, which allows for the generation of large quantities of identical antibodies derived from a single parental cell line.
Moving on, the SlideShare explores the applications of monoclonal antibodies in the field of medicine. It elucidates how these antibodies are employed in targeted therapies, such as cancer immunotherapy. The presentation highlights the remarkable specificity of monoclonal antibodies in recognizing and binding to specific targets, thereby enabling precise and tailored treatment approaches. It also discusses the role of monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and organ transplantation.
Furthermore, the presentation sheds light on the use of monoclonal antibodies in research and diagnostics. It explains how these antibodies are utilized as indispensable tools in laboratory research, facilitating the identification and characterization of various biomarkers and molecules. It also showcases their utility in techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry.
The SlideShare emphasizes the impact of monoclonal antibodies on the development of novel therapeutic modalities, including antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies. It touches upon the challenges and future prospects in the field, highlighting ongoing research efforts and advancements in antibody engineering.
With visually appealing slides, concise and informative content, this SlideShare presentation on monoclonal antibodies provides a valuable resource for scientists, healthcare professionals, students, and anyone interested in understanding the significance and applications of these remarkable biotechnological innovations.
MAINLY FOCUSING ON MONONCLONAL ANTIBODIES,TYPES OF IT, METHOD OF PRODUCTION, FDA APPROVED MABs, & HOSPITAL COMMONLY USED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, DISSCUING THE ECONOMICS AS WELL.
Introduction to cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies. Understanding monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy, manipulation of immune system to induce apoptosis on cancerous cells. Some monoclonal antibodies and their immunological mechanisms. Types of monoclonal antibodies. Riruximab, trastuzumab, cetuximab....mode of actions
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. DEFINITION OF MONOCLONALANTIBODIES:
• Monoclonal antibodies are is a type of Antibody.
• That are identical.
• They are specific against to Ag or epitopes.
• It’s first discovered by KOHLER & MILSTEEIN in 1973.
3. PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONALANTIBODIES:
• Plasma cells will get combined
with myeloma cells to form the
hybridoma.
• This hybridoma is capacity to the
specificAb produced.It is called
Monoclonal antibodies.
4. WHAT IS MYELOMA CELLS:
• It is a abnormal plasma cells.
• It is other wise calledAbnormal white blood cells.
• The Bone marrow contain cancer(Tumour) cell is
other wise called Myeloma cells.
• Found in many bones.
6. DIAGNOSTICAPPLICATION:
1.BIOCHEMICALANALYSIS:
• Two types of assay used to analysis Biochemically one is Radioimmunoassay(RIA) another
one is Enzyme linked sorbant immunoassay(ELISA).
• These above two assay used to detect and diagnosis of the various types of
Hormones,Body fluids andTissues.
• Hormones like:Growth hormone,Insulin and etc.
• Body fluids like:Blood groupAntigen,Histocompatibility,interleukins and etc.
7. PREGNANCY & CANCER:
Pregnancy:
• It’s used to detect the HCG hormones level in urine.
Cancer:
• To detect the colorectalAg and prostate cancer.
• .This monoclonal antibodies used to recognize and detect theTumor markersThat’s like
Abnormal level of Prostatic acid phosphatase is detect used to analysis the prostate
cancer.
• At the same time Monoclonal antibodies used to treat and reduced theTumor size.
8. INFECTIVE DISEASE,SEXUALTRANSMITTEDAND
HORMONAL DISORDER:
• Infective disease:
Its caused by Fungai,Viruses,Bacteria and etc…The Monoclonal antibodies used to detect and treat
the infective disease.
• Sexual transmitted disease:
An infection transmitted through sexual contact,caused by bacteria,viruses or parasites.ex:.
Hepatitis B and syphilis.
Some MAb’s used to treat some sexual transmission disease.
• Hormonal disorder:
. MAb’s used to diagnosis and treat the thyroid hormones disorder such asThyroid cancer,Goiter and
etc….
9. II.DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES:
• Radiolabelled MAb’s used to imaging the various types of disease.This process is called
“IMMUNOSCIENTIGRAPHY”.
• Commonly used radioisotopes in MAb’s are Iodine 131 .
• SPECT(Single photon emissions computed tomography)is used for recent year .
10. A) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OR MYOCARDIAL
INFRACTION:
• The myocardial (heart) specific protein MYOSIN wherever to localized to diagnostic
imaging of the Cardiovascular disease.
• Antimyosin MAb’s with radiolabelled isotopes of Idium chloride is used to detect the site
of Cardiovascular disease.
• PROCEDURE:
The Radiolabelled MAb’s are injected intravenously the patient usually done afterv24
to 70 or 72 hours imaging the disease.
11. B.ATHEROSCLEROSISAND DEEPVEINTHROMBOSIS:
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
The MAb’s are specific against to Fibrin or platelet.The radiolabelled MAb’s are injected
intravenously, specifically binds to Place of Fibrin or platelets and after imaging to detect the
blood cloting place .
Calf ,pelvis region disease are easily diagnosis.
• DVT:
It’s similar to Atherosclerosis.This MAb’s specific against to Fibrin or platelet and after
imaging of disease.
This method used to Prognosis of Heart attack .
12. C.CANCER:
• Radiolabelled Monoclonal antibodies are used to imaging of various types of cancers.
• Specific radiolabelled MAb’s are used to detect specific type of Tumor marker.
• Tumor markers :. A tumor marker is a biomarker found in blood, urine, or body tissues thatcan
be elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer. There are many different tumor
markers, each indicative of a particular disease process, and they are used in oncologyto help
detect the presence of cancer.
Tumor markers Associated with cancer
Prostatic acid phosphatase Prostate cancer
Human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) Chorionic cancer
Cell surface tumor Ag Various types of cancers.
13. II.THERAPEUTICAPPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES:
• MAb’s are used to Treatment of cancer,Autoimmune disease,Bone marrow
transplantation,Cardiovascular disease and etc.
• There are two ways of therapeutic application of MAb’s:
1. Direct used in MAb’s in therapeutic agent.
2. Monoclonal antibodies in targeting agent.
14. DIRECT USED IN MONOCLONALANTIBODIES IN
THETHERAPEUTICAGENT:
• This type of Monoclonal antibodies directly enhance the immune response in host.
• It’s minimal toxicity of host.
15. A.PROTECT AGAINSTTHE PATHOGENS&
TREATMENT OF CANCER:
• Directly used in Monoclonal antibodies are enhance the immune response to destroyed
pathogens.
• It’s protect against the certain viral bacterial infection.
• Such as haepatitis B virus ,Pseudomonas SP.
• The MAb’s against the Cell surfaceAg .
• Leukemia,Colorectal cancer,Melanoma and various types of cancer treat brought out by
Antibody depends cellmediated cytotoxic and complement cytotoxic of cells.
16. B.TREAT OF AIDS ,IT’S ACT AS IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE
DRUG IN ORGANTRANSPLANTATION&AIDS
(AUTO IMMUNE DISEASES:
• The type of OK T4 MAb’s fight against the HIVAg.
• Immunosuppressive drugs such as Cyclosporine,Prednisone and etc….This drugs
are used to organ transplantation.
• These above any drugs combined with OKT3 MAb’s used to safe transplantation of bone
marrow , renal and etc….
• This MAb’s fight against theT cell surfaceAg to clear theTumor.
• TheAuto immune diseases like Rhematoid arthritis,Myasthenia gravis , multiple sclerosis
and etc to treated the specific monoclonal antibodies.
17. MONOCLONALANTIBODIES INTARGETING
AGENT:
• These like Some drugs ,Toxins , radioisotopes and etc…are combined with tissue
specific Monoclonal antibodies that are to carried out the target tissue to specific
extreme activity.
• This way is good efficiency action on targeting tissues.
18. MONOCLONALANTIBODIES IN IMMUNOTOXINS
AND IN DRUG DELIVERY:
• Immunotoxins:
The drugs to conjugated with MAb’s it is called Immunotoxins to treat the
Therapy.
Ex:Diptheria toxins .
• Drug delivery:
The monoclonal antibodies binds with
drugs to fight against the specificAg.
19. ANTIBODY DIRECR ENZYME PRODRUGTHERAPY:
(ADPET)
• In active form of prodrug to form the active form by the help of enzyme(direct) and next this
ADEPT binds to TargetingAg to kill immediately.
Some enzymes of ADPET:
1. Alkalin phosphatase
2. Lactamase
3. Etc.
