Stephen Krashen developed Monitor Theory in the 1980s based on Chomsky's concepts. The theory explains the relationship between language acquisition and learning. According to the theory, there are four main hypotheses: 1) There is a natural order of acquiring grammatical structures, 2) Affective filters like anxiety can block acquisition, 3) We acquire language by understanding messages a little beyond our current level, and 4) We acquire language subconsciously but learn language through formal instruction. The Monitor Hypothesis explains that learned grammar can be used to edit and correct, but it is difficult and slows communication.

1. MONITOR THEORY
(STEPHEN KRASHEN)
BY :
MAIZATUL MALIK

2. •About 25 years ago, a psychologist named
Stephen Krashen transformed language teaching.
He had been developing his ideas over a number
of years, but several books he published in the
1980s received widespread acceptance.
•Theory developed based on Chomsky’s concept.
•The Monitor hypothesis explains the relationship
between acquisition and learning. The
monitoring function is the practical result of the
learned grammar.

3. According to Krashen, for the Monitor to be
successfully used, three conditions must be met:
1. The acquirer/learner must know the rule: This
is a very difficult condition to meet because it
means that the speaker must have had explicit
instruction.
2. The acquirer must be focused on correctness:
He or she must be thinking about form, and it is
difficult to focus on meaning and form at the
same time.

4. According to Krashen, for the Monitor to be
successfully used, three conditions must be met:
3. Having time to use the monitor: The speaker is
then focused on form rather than meaning,
resulting in the production and exchange of less
information.
•Due to these difficulties, Krashen recommends
using the monitor at times when it does not
interfere with communication, such as while
writing.

5. 4 hypotheses that provide framework :
•The Natural Order Hypothesis
•The Affective Filter Hypothesis
•The Input Hypothesis
•The Acquisition VS Learning
Hypothesis