This document provides an overview of Ubuntu Desktop training, including: - The most popular Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Fedora, and openSUSE. Ubuntu focuses on usability for new and home users. - Ubuntu installation can be done via live CD or USB drive and involves selecting language, timezone, partitioning disks, and providing user details. - Ubuntu supports package management via repositories, software installation and removal tools like Synaptic, and multimedia, development, networking, communication, and productivity applications.

1. Ubuntu Desktop Training
Ministry Of Education

2. Linux Distros
 There are more than 400 Linux distributions (“distros”)
 Differences between one and the next <20%.
 Among the more popular distros are:
Refer to DistroWatch.com for a top 100
list of Linux distros

3. Linux Distros
Contd..
 Three most popular Linux distros currently are:
 Ubuntu, Fedora and openSUSE
 Ubuntu focuses more on new and home users – primary
focus is on making Linux usable.
 Fedora includes the latest packages and is more
suitable for more technically inclined users
(programmers, sys admins etc.).
 openSUSE strikes a balance between Ubuntu and
Fedora i.e. ease of use with enough new packages to
satisfy techies.
 Wikipedia must be your primary first level reference.

4. What is Ubuntu
 Currently the most high profile and recognisable Linux
distro in the world.
 Based on the Debian distro.
● Debian is well known for its stability and wide range of
packages available.
 Currently is at version 9.10 (2009-October) – Karmic
Koala
● Next will be 10.04 Lucid Lynx – an LTS release
– 3 years on Desktop
– 5 years on Server

5. Ubuntu Installation
● Freely downloadable from the Internet
● Can request for free CD from Ubuntu.com
● Can be used directly from LiveCD without installing
● Usually installed from the Live CD
● Can also be installed from a USB key

9. Installation
- LiveCD Desktop -

10. Installation
- Language Selection -

11. Installation
- Time Zone Selection -

12. Installation
- Keyboard Layout Selection -

13. Installation
- Hard Disk Partitioning -

14. Filesystem
● Ubuntu supports the following file systems:
● ext2/ext3/ext4
● Ext2 is without journaling
● ReiserFS
● Considered to be efficient for storing multiple small files
● XFS
● NTFS
● FAT32

15. Installation
- Manual Partitioning -

16. Installation
- Manual Partitioning Contd -

17. Installation
- User Details -

18. Installation
- Summary -

19. Installation
- Summary Advanced Option -

20. Installation
- In Progress -

21. Installation
- Completion -

22. Installation
- Completion contd -

23. GRUB Menu

24. Installed Desktop

25. Managing Repos
 Repositories (repos) are locations on the Internet that
contains software packages
● Ubuntu uses apt-get mechanism to manage the
packages. The GUI to apt-get is Synaptic.
 Ubuntu Software Centre – an addition in Ubuntu 9.10
– allows an alternative to Synaptic.
 PPA – Programmer Personal Archive – contains
software created by programmers that are not in the
main repos.
 List of enabled repos are in /etc/apt/sources.list file

26. Install / Remove Packages
 To install / remove a package you can also use the
Synaptic Package Manager (System > Administration >
Synaptic Manager), a GUI method for installing
packages.
 Search for the name of the program/package. You can
also search for a word in its description.
 Check the box "Mark for Installation / Removal"
 Click the "Apply" button.
 The selected program(s) will be automatically installed,
along with its dependencies.
 Another option is to use the Ubuntu Software Center

27. Printer Configuration
To add a Printer
 System -> Administration -> Printing -> New Printer ->
New Printer
 Most of the time, your printer (if connected and turned
on) will be detected automatically.
 You can also choose printers on a Windows system via
Samba and other types of networked printers, in
addition to directly connected printers.
 Use CUPS web interface at http://localhost:631

28. Medibuntu
 Tag lined - Multimedia, Entertainment and
Distractions in Ubuntu
● A repo that contains “restricted packages” i.e. non-OSS
packages.
– DVD De-scrambler
– Adobe Flash/Reader
– Multimedia codecs for AVI, WMV, MP3 etc
 The most “go-to” spot to enable multimedia bits in
Ubuntu

29. Multimedia
 Xine
● Kaffeine
 VideoLAN (VLC)
 Photos
● DigiKam
● gthumb
● GIMP
 3D
● Blender
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30. Development Tools
 Supports Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
such as Eclipse
 Simpler IDE
● Bluefish
● KompoZer
 Major programming languages available
● Java, PHP, Python, C, C++, Tcl/Tk
 Version control
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● Subversion, bzr (Bazaar)

31. Support for Networking
 Linux desktops are developed to support a variety of
protocols and data format
 This includes CalDAV, Atom, GData, POP and IMAP,
.ics files
 Web-based Distributed
Authoring and Versioning
(WebDAV)
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32. Networking Tools
 Remote shell
● SSH
 Remote backup
● rsnapshot
 Remote desktop
● VNC, KRDC
 Printer
● The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)
 Others
● Iptables, Wireshark, nagios
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33. Communication
 SKYPE
 Jfax
 GnomeMeeting
 Kopete
 Pidgin
 Gammu
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34. Communication - Email
 E-mail and calendaring
● Evolution
● Thunderbird
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35. Productivity Tools
 OpenOffice.org
 Open Workbench
 FreeMind
 Scribus
 Xmind
 Web browsers
● Mozilla Firefox
● Konqueror
● Dolphin
● Opera
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36. Remote Management with OpenSSH
 SSH is a set of protocols and programs that allows for
encrypted traffic between computers.
 Linux uses OpenSSH – Free/Open Source version of
the proprietary SSH
 Most widely used tool for remote administration of
Linux/UNIX systems.
 OpenSSH establishes encrypted communication
between computers and can allow ”tunnelling” of other
traffic.
 Traffic ”tunnelled” through is compressed i.e. Requires
lower bandwidth

37. Remote Management with OpenSSH
SSH
Tunnel
Public
Network
Server
H
SS nel
n
Tu
SSH
User Tunnel
Public
Network
TCP Forwarding
SSH TCP Forwarding Server
(”SSH Tunnelling”)
User
App
Server

38. Remote Management with OpenSSH
 Requirements:
● Create a user – any name with password
#useradd -m -s /bin/bash <username>
#passwd <username>
● Install OpenSSH Server
#sudo apt-get install openssh-server
● Verify that OpenSSH Server is started
#/etc/init.d/ssh status
 SSH to your neighbour's PC with his/her created user
and ask him/her to SSH into yours using your created
user
 From the SSH terminal, type w to viewed currently
logged on users

39. OpenSSH Server Hardening
 Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file
 Ensure that the following are set:
● Protocol is 2
● Port number set above 1023
● X11Forwarding set to no
● PermitRootLogin set to no
● AllowTCPForwarding set to no
● Add AllowUsers parameter to restrict users who can SSH in
● StrictModes set to yes
 Save file and restart sshd -
# sudo /etc/init.d/sshd restart

40. THANK YOU
 OSCC Portal
●http://opensource.mampu.gov.my
 OSCC Mailing Lists (oscc-training)
● http://lists.oscc.org.my
 Contact numbers
● 603 83191200 (General line)
● 603 38191201 (Helpdesk)
Presenter:
Khairul Aizat Kamarudzzaman
khairul@oscc.org.my