Modernism emerged in the late 19th century and extended into the mid-20th century. It followed several artistic movements including Baroque, Rococo, Romanticism, and Realism. Modernism was characterized by an emphasis on individual expression, new technologies, and the application of rational thought to design. Some key aspects of Modernism included the Bauhaus school's emphasis on functional design inspired by mathematics and technology as well as artistic movements like Cubism that represented objects and people in abstract, fragmented ways. While Modernism led to mass production and economic growth, some argue it also enabled events like World Wars and the arms race that highlighted humanity's capacity for corruption and abuse of power.