Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Converted Electric Vehicle Using Forward Approach Method in MATLAB/Simulink and Analyzing the Experimental Results
This document presents a MATLAB/Simulink model developed to estimate the energy consumption and range of an electric vehicle converted from a safari vehicle. The model integrates subsystems for powertrain, motor, vehicle dynamics, driver control, and battery. It is used to select motor power and gear ratio for desired performance. Simulation results show errors in estimated starting torque and battery state of charge compared to experimental data, likely due to unmodeled losses and battery intricacies. The model provides a method to validate conversion specifications and make design decisions before prototyping.
Simulation of electric bike using Scilab XcosIRJET Journal
This document presents a simulation of an electric bike using Scilab Xcos software. The simulation models the major components of the electric bike, including the chassis dynamics, transmission, electric motor, and battery. Each component is modeled using Model-Based Design methods in Scilab. The simulation is run using standard drive cycles to evaluate the performance and energy consumption of the electric bike. Charts of vehicle speed, motor speed/torque, battery current/power and state of charge over time are presented. The results show the battery state of charge decreases to around 15% at the end of the simulated drive cycle. The document concludes the simulation can help in the selection and sizing of electric bike components without testing real prototypes.
Design and modification of conventional scooter into an electric scooterIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and modification of a conventional scooter into an electric scooter. Key components of the electric scooter include a BLDC motor rated at 1000W, a 48V 30Ah lithium-ion battery, and a motor controller. Calculations were done to select these components based on the vehicle's specifications and performance requirements. These include calculating the required tractive force based on rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, and other factors. The motor was then sized to provide this force. The battery capacity was selected to provide sufficient power for the motor. Testing showed a gear ratio of 1.54 provided optimum balance of torque and speed. Converting the scooter to electric reduces air pollution and operating costs compared
IRJET- Study and Development of Electric Vehicle with 200 Kilometers Range an...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on developing an electric vehicle with a 200 km range and 350 kg gross vehicle weight. It discusses performing market research on electric two-wheelers, defining a drive cycle based on urban traffic conditions, sizing an appropriate motor and battery, designing an integrated battery management and motor control system, developing the vehicle chassis, and selecting components to meet the design goals within cost targets. The proposed electric two-wheeler is aimed at the Indian market and intended to provide sufficient performance to compete with gasoline scooters while meeting local operating conditions and regulations.
IRJET - Design and Validation of Two Stage Differential Gearbox with Shifter ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and validation of a two-stage differential gearbox with a shifter mechanism for an electrically driven vehicle. The gearbox is designed to address the problem that electric vehicles require higher torque ratios when climbing gradients to maintain performance. The proposed gearbox uses three helical gear pairs for a 16:1 reduction ratio and two bevel gear pairs in a parallel arrangement to meet the high torque requirements without increasing costs. The gearbox design and components are analyzed and selected based on strength calculations to validate the design can achieve the needed torque ratios safely.
IRJET - Design and Optimization based on Surrogate Model of a Brushless Direc...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and optimization of a brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) for a light electric vehicle application. It aims to achieve high efficiency under typical load conditions. The design process involves determining requirements based on vehicle specifications, selecting a motor configuration, and estimating initial dimensions. A 24-slot, 14-pole configuration is chosen. Dimensions like stator outer diameter, length, airgap, and permanent magnet thickness are calculated. Surrogate modeling and particle swarm optimization techniques are used to optimize the motor design while reducing computational cost compared to traditional finite element analysis-based optimization.
IRJET- Design, Analysis and Fabrication of E-BikeIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, analysis, and fabrication of an electric bicycle (e-bike). It aims to present an e-bike design with low cost and high efficiency. The e-bike will be powered by a battery that provides voltage to a brushless DC motor, driving both wheels. A literature review covers past research on e-bike motors, batteries, and controllers. The objectives are to create a transportation method that is user-friendly, environmentally friendly, and can be used by all ages. The proposed design uses a BLDC motor powered by a 36V lithium-ion battery and controlled via a microcontroller and Bluetooth connection to a smartphone. Simulations estimate a range of 22-25 km per charge
This document reports on simulations performed to optimize the efficiency and performance of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain using Autonomie simulation software. The simulations varied parameters of an initial parallel pretransmission PHEV model and analyzed the results. A final optimized model showed improvements in fuel economy from 10.23 to 13.39 miles per gallon and acceleration from 10.4 to 11.7 seconds. Graphs and tables demonstrate the effects on metrics like fuel consumption, battery state of charge, and energy flows throughout the simulations.
IRJET- Optimization of Required Power for an Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an optimization study of the required power system for an electric vehicle. The study aimed to develop an optimal design to reduce power consumption while maintaining performance. Calculations were performed to determine the peak power needs based on factors like vehicle weight, air resistance, rolling resistance, and acceleration. The optimal design was able to reduce the gross vehicle weight by 100kg and peak motor power by 0.5kW compared to the prototype, while maintaining the top speed of 35km/h. The optimized design achieved energy savings through minimum vehicle mass as the design principle.
Simulation of electric bike using Scilab XcosIRJET Journal
This document presents a simulation of an electric bike using Scilab Xcos software. The simulation models the major components of the electric bike, including the chassis dynamics, transmission, electric motor, and battery. Each component is modeled using Model-Based Design methods in Scilab. The simulation is run using standard drive cycles to evaluate the performance and energy consumption of the electric bike. Charts of vehicle speed, motor speed/torque, battery current/power and state of charge over time are presented. The results show the battery state of charge decreases to around 15% at the end of the simulated drive cycle. The document concludes the simulation can help in the selection and sizing of electric bike components without testing real prototypes.
Design and modification of conventional scooter into an electric scooterIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and modification of a conventional scooter into an electric scooter. Key components of the electric scooter include a BLDC motor rated at 1000W, a 48V 30Ah lithium-ion battery, and a motor controller. Calculations were done to select these components based on the vehicle's specifications and performance requirements. These include calculating the required tractive force based on rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, and other factors. The motor was then sized to provide this force. The battery capacity was selected to provide sufficient power for the motor. Testing showed a gear ratio of 1.54 provided optimum balance of torque and speed. Converting the scooter to electric reduces air pollution and operating costs compared
IRJET- Study and Development of Electric Vehicle with 200 Kilometers Range an...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on developing an electric vehicle with a 200 km range and 350 kg gross vehicle weight. It discusses performing market research on electric two-wheelers, defining a drive cycle based on urban traffic conditions, sizing an appropriate motor and battery, designing an integrated battery management and motor control system, developing the vehicle chassis, and selecting components to meet the design goals within cost targets. The proposed electric two-wheeler is aimed at the Indian market and intended to provide sufficient performance to compete with gasoline scooters while meeting local operating conditions and regulations.
IRJET - Design and Validation of Two Stage Differential Gearbox with Shifter ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and validation of a two-stage differential gearbox with a shifter mechanism for an electrically driven vehicle. The gearbox is designed to address the problem that electric vehicles require higher torque ratios when climbing gradients to maintain performance. The proposed gearbox uses three helical gear pairs for a 16:1 reduction ratio and two bevel gear pairs in a parallel arrangement to meet the high torque requirements without increasing costs. The gearbox design and components are analyzed and selected based on strength calculations to validate the design can achieve the needed torque ratios safely.
IRJET - Design and Optimization based on Surrogate Model of a Brushless Direc...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and optimization of a brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) for a light electric vehicle application. It aims to achieve high efficiency under typical load conditions. The design process involves determining requirements based on vehicle specifications, selecting a motor configuration, and estimating initial dimensions. A 24-slot, 14-pole configuration is chosen. Dimensions like stator outer diameter, length, airgap, and permanent magnet thickness are calculated. Surrogate modeling and particle swarm optimization techniques are used to optimize the motor design while reducing computational cost compared to traditional finite element analysis-based optimization.
IRJET- Design, Analysis and Fabrication of E-BikeIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, analysis, and fabrication of an electric bicycle (e-bike). It aims to present an e-bike design with low cost and high efficiency. The e-bike will be powered by a battery that provides voltage to a brushless DC motor, driving both wheels. A literature review covers past research on e-bike motors, batteries, and controllers. The objectives are to create a transportation method that is user-friendly, environmentally friendly, and can be used by all ages. The proposed design uses a BLDC motor powered by a 36V lithium-ion battery and controlled via a microcontroller and Bluetooth connection to a smartphone. Simulations estimate a range of 22-25 km per charge
This document reports on simulations performed to optimize the efficiency and performance of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain using Autonomie simulation software. The simulations varied parameters of an initial parallel pretransmission PHEV model and analyzed the results. A final optimized model showed improvements in fuel economy from 10.23 to 13.39 miles per gallon and acceleration from 10.4 to 11.7 seconds. Graphs and tables demonstrate the effects on metrics like fuel consumption, battery state of charge, and energy flows throughout the simulations.
IRJET- Optimization of Required Power for an Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an optimization study of the required power system for an electric vehicle. The study aimed to develop an optimal design to reduce power consumption while maintaining performance. Calculations were performed to determine the peak power needs based on factors like vehicle weight, air resistance, rolling resistance, and acceleration. The optimal design was able to reduce the gross vehicle weight by 100kg and peak motor power by 0.5kW compared to the prototype, while maintaining the top speed of 35km/h. The optimized design achieved energy savings through minimum vehicle mass as the design principle.
Evaluate Traction Forces and Torque for Electric Vehicle Using MATLAB Simulin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a MATLAB Simulink model for simulating the performance of an electric vehicle. The model calculates traction forces, wheel torque, and other parameters. It accounts for resistive forces like rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, and gradients. The model is used to analyze how changes to variables like battery capacity and motor torque impact vehicle range and energy consumption. Simulation results are presented and used to select an appropriate motor. The model provides a way to virtually test electric vehicle performance without physical testing.
Effects of Degree of Hybridization and Vehicle Driving Cycle on the Performan...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that uses simulation software to analyze the performance of a fuel cell-battery hybrid electric vehicle under different configurations. The study varies the degree of hybridization (the ratio of battery power to total vehicle power) for a 2021 Toyota Mirai fuel cell vehicle model. It finds that increasing the degree of hybridization to 68.7% improves fuel economy by 16.3% compared to the original vehicle specifications. The best-performing configuration is then tested under different driving cycles to evaluate performance under various driving conditions.
Comparative Study of Different Motors for Electrical Vehicle ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document compares different motor types for use in electric vehicles. It discusses AC, DC, synchronous, and brushless DC motors. Brushless DC motors were chosen for the prototype electric tricycle developed by the authors. Simulation results are presented for the BLDC motor's stator current, battery voltage, hall effect, back EMF, rotor speed, and electromagnetic torque. The prototype tricycle is also described along with its specifications. In conclusion, the electric tricycle was tested and found to perform well for rural and urban transportation while reducing grid pressure and providing a green solution.
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANICAL VARIABLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH HIGH STA...IRJET Journal
The document discusses several studies and designs related to electric vehicles. It begins by summarizing a study that designed a mechanical variable transmission system for electric vehicles to achieve high starting torque and speed. Several other studies are then summarized that evaluate factors for sustainable electric vehicle manufacturing in India, analyze the performance of low-speed electric two-wheelers in urban traffic, mathematically model electric vehicles, design hybrid electric bikes and transmission systems, extract requirements for designing electric two-wheelers, propose petro-electric bike designs, review motor selection for electric vehicles, discuss the design of electric superbike racing vehicles, compare energy consumption and costs of electric vehicle transmissions, propose a design for a next generation electric bike, and provide biographies of the
The document proposes a wheel slip control system using a sliding mode controller to improve traction and energy efficiency for electric vehicles. It describes developing a sliding mode controller and vehicle velocity estimator to actively control driving wheels and prevent wheel spin. Simulation and experimental results using an electric vehicle with in-wheel motors demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed traction control system in improving performance and reducing energy consumption during acceleration.
This document summarizes a study on developing a wheel slip control system for an electric vehicle to improve traction and energy efficiency during acceleration. The study proposes a sliding mode controller and vehicle velocity estimator. Simulations using CarSim software and experiments on a test electric vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors validate that the control system enhances traction performance and reduces energy consumption compared to uncontrolled acceleration. The robust wheel slip controller and practical vehicle velocity estimation approach make use of the advantages of electric vehicle drivetrains for improved acceleration control.
Design and Fabrication of Regenerative Braking SystemIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a regenerative braking system. It discusses how regenerative braking works by converting kinetic energy during braking into electrical energy that can be stored. It then details the materials and steps used to build a test rig, including a motor, flywheel, frame, and wiring. Testing showed that regenerative braking becomes more efficient at higher speeds, with up to 14.49 volts recovered at 2500 RPM. The system recovers up to 11% of energy typically lost as heat in traditional braking.
IRJET - Assembling and Testing of Electric CarIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the assembly and testing of an electric car. It discusses the development of electric car components like motors, controllers and batteries. It also compares the emissions of electric cars to internal combustion engine vehicles and describes how electric cars can help reduce air pollution. The document reviews several electric vehicle prototypes that were developed to increase driving range, reduce emissions, and evaluate new motor and battery technologies.
IRJET- Are Electric Vehicles Real Alternative for Petroleum based Vehicles? a...IRJET Journal
This document discusses whether electric vehicles are a real alternative to petroleum-based vehicles. It analyzes the production of CO2 from electric vehicles and finds that while EVs emit less CO2 from operation, the electricity used to charge them is often produced from coal which emits CO2. It also examines issues with recycling lithium ion batteries, finding the process is difficult and hazardous due to the variety of materials in batteries. Additionally, lithium supplies may be depleted if EV use rapidly expands. While EVs have benefits, the document concludes they may still significantly impact the environment due to electricity production and battery disposal and recycling challenges.
A paper on barriers and challenges of electric vehicles to grid optimizationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a paper on the barriers and challenges of integrating electric vehicles with the power grid to optimize it. It discusses various optimization strategies that have been studied for electric vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid technologies. A key challenge discussed is the lack of sufficient charging infrastructure in developing countries like India. The document also provides an overview of electric vehicles and their components, and analyzes optimization techniques that have been applied for electric vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid systems.
Review on Enhanced EV technology: Wireless charging system and performance im...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of emerging electric vehicle technologies, including wireless charging systems and the use of multilevel inverters to improve performance. It discusses how wireless charging systems could help improve EV adoption by making charging more convenient. The document also evaluates different wireless power transfer technologies and summarizes various global projects that are testing wireless charging for electric vehicles. It explores how multilevel inverters can reduce harmonic distortion and improve efficiency when used in electric vehicle power systems.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of a Self Balancing Mono Wheel VehicleIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a self-balancing mono wheel vehicle. It uses a single wheel powered by a 250W DC motor and controlled using a PID controller and IMU sensor. The PID controller receives input from the IMU sensor to detect the vehicle's angle and controls the motor to maintain balance. It is intended to work like a hoverboard where the rider's inclination controls the direction. The vehicle was designed to be efficient and use regenerative braking for battery charging.
“DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE”IRJET Journal
The document discusses the design and implementation of a hybrid electric vehicle. Some key points:
- A hybrid electric vehicle combines an electric motor, battery, and power system with an internal combustion engine to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
- The goal of this project is to design and build a two-wheeled hybrid electric vehicle powered by both a battery and gasoline. The front wheel will be powered by an electric motor and the rear wheel by an internal combustion engine.
- Components of the electric drive system are discussed, including the battery selection. Lithium-ion batteries are preferred due to their high energy density and efficiency.
- Design calculations are presented for the vehicle specifications, required power output,
IRJET- Conversion of IC Engine Vehicle to Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses converting an internal combustion engine vehicle to an electric vehicle. It begins with an abstract stating that electric vehicles use electric motors instead of combustion engines, saving money and reducing environmental impact. The document then discusses the various components used in the conversion - a bike is selected, the combustion engine and related components are removed, and a lithium-ion battery, BLDC motor, and controller are installed. Calculations are shown for selecting the appropriate components based on the vehicle's weight and intended usage. Assembly and testing of the converted electric vehicle is described, showing it can travel 25-30 km/hr on a single charge. The conclusion states this conversion reduces the cost of electric vehicles while achieving desirable speed and range.
IRJET- Conversion of IC Engine Vehicle to Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to convert an internal combustion engine vehicle to an electric vehicle. The project aims to fabricate an electric vehicle using a lithium-ion battery and BLDC motor. The vehicle selected is a four-stroke gasoline bike that will have its engine and components removed and replaced with a 48V 10Ah lithium-ion battery, 600W BLDC motor, and controller. Calculations are shown to select the components based on the vehicle's weight and intended top speed. Assembly and testing indicates the converted electric vehicle can reach speeds of 25-30 km/hr on a single charge with a range of 25-30 km. The document concludes the conversion reduces costs compared to a new electric vehicle while achieving
A Novel 4WD Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for an Electrical Vehicle Cont...IRJET Journal
This document presents a novel 4WD permanent magnet synchronous motor control strategy for an electric vehicle based on direct torque control space vector modulation techniques. The control strategy uses DTC-SVM to independently control each of the four in-wheel motors. MATLAB/Simulink simulations were conducted to analyze the performance of the proposed controller under different speeds and topologies. The results show that the DTC-SVM controller has better dynamic performance than traditional DTC, with reduced torque and flux ripple. The control strategy could be successfully implemented in the traction drive of modern 4WD electric vehicles.
IRJET- Maximization of Net Profit by Optimal Placement and Sizing of DG in Di...IRJET Journal
This document presents an optimization of distributed generation placement and sizing in a distribution system to maximize net profit. It formulates the optimization problem considering electricity purchase costs, distributed generation investment and operating costs, and distribution system net savings. The objective is to maximize net savings by reducing electricity purchases through optimal distributed generation. Two stochastic algorithms, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, are used to solve the optimization problem for a 9-bus test system considering multiple load levels. Both algorithms achieved reductions in electricity costs and power losses while maintaining voltage constraints.
Fuel enhancement of parallel hybrid electric two-wheeler motorcycle IJECEIAES
In this paper, design and simulation of a parallel hybrid electric twowheeler motorcycle (PHETM) by means of continuous variable transmission (CVT) is illustrated. For simulation, the parallel hybrid electric power train model type in MATLAB/ADVISOR is customized. The internal combustion engine (ICE) be supposed to drive at elevated efficiency areas, in order to attain enhanced fuel economy and a reduced amount of emission. Simultaneously, the ICE must not activate at values of low torque areas. For that reason, get better it whilst ICE is ON, a new energy control strategy is proposed. In the new strategy, the electrical machine absorbs the extra torque of the ICE. This article proposes a PHETM system to propel the vehicle efficiently with reduced amounts of emission on comparing witha conventional vehicle. This system includes two modes of operations for achieving the better results known as motoring mode and generating mode. The switching from one mode to other is based on the vehicle speed which is sensed in real time. A drive cycle is generated by running the vehicle in normal and slightly gradient condition and finally the results are compared.
IRJET- Regenerative System and it’s ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses regenerative braking systems. It begins with an abstract that introduces regenerative braking as a system that can recapture kinetic energy during braking and convert it to electrical energy. It then provides background on regenerative braking and how it works. The document reviews several past studies on regenerative braking systems and their applications in electric vehicles. It discusses the components and working of a regenerative braking system, including how kinetic energy is captured during braking by a flywheel and generator and stored in a battery.
IRJET- Design and Development of Brake Pedal and Drum for Multiutility Farm V...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a brake pedal and drum brake system for a multi-utility farm vehicle. Key aspects include:
1) The brake pedal was designed in Creo 3.0 to have an adjustable leverage ratio between 12:1 and 5.14:1 to vary the force transmitted to the tandem master cylinder as needed.
2) Calculations were performed to design the tandem master cylinder and drum brake components based on OEM specifications to meet standards.
3) An AISI 1018 steel material was selected for the brake pedal based on its strength, cost, and machinability properties.
4) Finite element analysis of the brake pedal model in
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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In this paper, design and simulation of a parallel hybrid electric twowheeler motorcycle (PHETM) by means of continuous variable transmission (CVT) is illustrated. For simulation, the parallel hybrid electric power train model type in MATLAB/ADVISOR is customized. The internal combustion engine (ICE) be supposed to drive at elevated efficiency areas, in order to attain enhanced fuel economy and a reduced amount of emission. Simultaneously, the ICE must not activate at values of low torque areas. For that reason, get better it whilst ICE is ON, a new energy control strategy is proposed. In the new strategy, the electrical machine absorbs the extra torque of the ICE. This article proposes a PHETM system to propel the vehicle efficiently with reduced amounts of emission on comparing witha conventional vehicle. This system includes two modes of operations for achieving the better results known as motoring mode and generating mode. The switching from one mode to other is based on the vehicle speed which is sensed in real time. A drive cycle is generated by running the vehicle in normal and slightly gradient condition and finally the results are compared.
IRJET- Regenerative System and it’s ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses regenerative braking systems. It begins with an abstract that introduces regenerative braking as a system that can recapture kinetic energy during braking and convert it to electrical energy. It then provides background on regenerative braking and how it works. The document reviews several past studies on regenerative braking systems and their applications in electric vehicles. It discusses the components and working of a regenerative braking system, including how kinetic energy is captured during braking by a flywheel and generator and stored in a battery.
IRJET- Design and Development of Brake Pedal and Drum for Multiutility Farm V...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a brake pedal and drum brake system for a multi-utility farm vehicle. Key aspects include:
1) The brake pedal was designed in Creo 3.0 to have an adjustable leverage ratio between 12:1 and 5.14:1 to vary the force transmitted to the tandem master cylinder as needed.
2) Calculations were performed to design the tandem master cylinder and drum brake components based on OEM specifications to meet standards.
3) An AISI 1018 steel material was selected for the brake pedal based on its strength, cost, and machinability properties.
4) Finite element analysis of the brake pedal model in
Similar to Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Converted Electric Vehicle Using Forward Approach Method in MATLAB/Simulink and Analyzing the Experimental Results (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Converted Electric Vehicle Using Forward Approach Method in MATLAB/Simulink and Analyzing the Experimental Results