Mobilizing wheat gene bank variation to breeding pipeline
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This document discusses genetic approaches for mobilizing gene bank resources to enhance wheat productivity. It outlines a roadmap including: 1) evaluating wheat gene banks for traits like heat tolerance, rust resistance, and zinc content; 2) developing genomic resources through association mapping and bi-parental mapping; 3) utilizing resources through pre-breeding to develop improved lines; and 4) moving materials to national agricultural research systems breeding pipelines. It highlights efforts to profile and utilize diversity from Mexican landraces, including identifying rare alleles, developing a core set, and genome-wide association studies for heat tolerance.
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Mobilizing wheat gene bank variation to breeding pipeline
- 1. Prashant Vikram CRP Wheat Representative CIMMYT Genetic approaches for mobilizing gene bank variation
- 2. Why we need gene bank ? Utilizing gene bank biodiversity could be one way to enhance productivity of wheat Rht1 & 2: Japanese dwarf landrace wheat Daruma Rht 8 : Japanese landrace Akakomugi
- 3. 1. WHEAT GENE BANK Generation advancement Field evaluation Strategic Crossing 2. DEVELOPING RESOURCE 3. UTILIZING RESOURCE: PRE-BREEDING4. MOVING TO NARS BREEDING PIPELINES Mobilizing Resource: The Road Map
- 4. Genetic and Genomic Resource
- 5. Impact of heat on wheat ~ 10% yield loss per 1oC increase in temperature By 2050, 20-30% yield loss in South Asia alone, affecting over 1 billion people ̴70,000 wheat accessions screened for heat stress tolerance Genetic Resource: Evaluation for heat tolerance Panel of heat and drought tolerant landraces
- 6. YR Resistant Landraces Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Rust Resistance Research on wheat rust during 1961-2009 added to world wheat harvests worth US $1.12 billion per year (at 2010 prices) Science, 340:147-148(2013) Panel of landraces for yellow rust resistance
- 7. Evaluated ~15,000 wheat landraces for quality traits Numberofgenotypes Grain zinc concentration (ppm) Wheat landrace evaluation for high zinc content Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Zinc content Panel of landraces for high Zinc
- 8. Genomic Resource: Segregation distortion on 6B Genomic associations identified for rust resistance and yield in three populations
- 9. H.Li- P.Vikram equal contribution et al. 2015 BMC Genomics Vikram et al. Unpublished Bi-parental mapping for rust resistance using GBS Association mapping for rust resistance using GBS Genomic Resource: Rust Resistance
- 10. The Mexican Landrace Story
- 11. Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 5 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 Cluster 6 NORTH CENTRAL SOUTH T.ASTIEVUM T.DURUM S.CEREALE Cluster 1: Majority of landraces in this group are from central Mexico Cluster 2: Majority of landraces in this group are from Northern Mexico Cluster 3: Majority of landraces in this group are from southern Mexico and are T. durum Cluster 4: Genetic group with accessions from different origin and species Cluster 5: Group specific to Michoacán Cluster 6: Group of Secale cereale only Mexican Landrace Story: Diversity Analysis Diversity Profiling of 8000 Mexican Landraces
- 12. Mexican Landrace Story: The Rare Alleles Unique rare alleles in Mexican Landraces
- 13. GBS data PCA + Phenotypic variables Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis 6 principal axes (75% geno; 25% pheno) 29 groups in Iranian LR 21 groups in Mexican LR Stratified random sampling using D-method Measured diversity by Gower’s distance Selected core subsets Mexican Landrace Story: Core Set Landrace core set distributed to South Asia, Africa, Mexico & USA
- 14. Grain yield under heat stress -Log(p) Chromosomes Mexican Landrace Story: GWAS for Heat Tolerance
- 15. 8000 Mexican landraces Phenotype (Heat, Drought, Quality, Irrigated) GBS profiling (20K SNPs) (A) Diversity analysis (B) Core set development (C) Core set evaluation(D) Trait donor identification(E) Use in pre-breeding Heat, Drought, Diseases, Quality Michoacán: Rare allele hot spot Unique and large scale efforts made to move useful wheat gene bank diversity to the NARS breeding pipelines Mexican Landrace Story Gene bank to Breeding Pipeline
- 17. 8,000 advanced lines selected under heat, drought and diseases Multi-location evaluation is in progress Genetic populations available for accelerating gene discovery 1000 Linked top cross populations Wheat Pre-Breeding @ CIMMYT Pre Breeding product Exotics = Landraces, Synthetics Elites = CIMMYT’s best BW lines
- 18. x Segregating population Screening in target environments - Mexico, South Asia, Africa Breeding / varietal pipelines CIMMYT NARS El Batan Diseases, input use Rusts, plant typeToluca H, D, YieldObregon Selection FARMERS Exotics synthetics, landraces, FIGS Elite Pre-Breeding @ CIMMYT The Delivery Path
- 19. Kevin Pixley Director GRP Sukhwinder-Singh SeeD Wheat Lead Carolina Sansaloni Carolina Saint-Pierre Kate Dreher GRP Hans Braun Director GWP Ravi Singh: Germplasm enhancement Tom Payne: wheat genebank Matthew Reynolds: heat/drought Pawan Singh: Diseases Javier Peña: Quality Deepmala: Molecular biology Ivan Ortíz-Monasterio: P efficiency GWP BSU: Juan, J. Crossa, H. Li We acknowledge all researchers at CIMMYT or elsewhere who have contributed directly or indirectly to this project CIMMYT & Mexican Partners
- 20. ¡gracias! شكرا 謝 謝 tak dank u salamatmerci danke धन्यवाद આભાર ありがとう 감사합니다 takk спасибо شکریہ کا آپ Thank YOU for Your Support ত োমোকে ধন্যবোদ kiitos شما از تشکر با grazie na-ekele unu obrigado dankie tack ขอขอบคุณคุณ teşekkür ederim