This document discusses how genetic markers can be used as tools to manage practical issues in germplasm collections. It outlines several major questions curators face, including verifying accessions, identifying duplicates, determining genetic relationships between accessions, and assessing the representation of diversity in a collection. It then describes various genetic markers that can be used, including SSRs and SNPs, and how they can help address these questions through fingerprinting, calculating genetic distances, parentage analysis, and evaluating population structure. The document provides examples of each application using apple genetic data.