Downloaded 75 times
More Related Content
Seminar Presentation-Moon
- 1. Seminar on Molecular studiesand breeding approaches of salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) Presented by: Nushrat Jahan Moon Reg no: 05-01837 Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
- 2. What is soilsalinity? Soil containing enough soluble salts to reduce its fertility and interfere with crop growth. These soils are two types: Saline soil and Sodic soil(or alkali) Introduction
- 3. What are thesalt-affected soils ? Salt- affected types Electrical Conductivit y ECe (dS/m) Exchangable Sodium PercentageE SP (%) Sodium Absorptio n Ration (SAR) pHs Saline >4 <15 <13 <8.8 Sodic <4 >15 >13 8.5-10.5 Introduction (continued) Source: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ricebreedingcourse/breeding_for_salt_tolerance.htm
- 4. Extent of saltaffected soils Asia, Pacific andAsia, Pacific and Australia (M ha)Australia (M ha) Source : FAO database 195 249 Total 444 M ha Introduction (continued)
- 5. Objectives To get anidea about advanced research works on salt tolerance of rice. To exploit different molecular breeding strategies for the development of salt tolerant rice varieties.
- 6. Expression of saltstress on rice Stress status Soil pH Electrical conductivity Salinity status Non-stress pH 8.8 - 9.2 Beyond ECe ~ 4 dS/m Moderate Moderate 9.3 – 9.7 More than 8 dS/m High Higher Equal or > 9.8 -- Very high Source: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ricebreedingcourse/breeding_for_salt_tolerance.htm
- 7. Physiology: Traits associatedwith salinity tolerance Degree of salt stress can affect the different crops differently
- 8. Modified standard evaluationscore (SES) of visual salt injury at seedling stage Observation Tolerance Normal growth, no leaf symptoms Highly tolerant Nearly normal growth, but leaf tips Or few leaves whitish and rolled tolerant Growth severely retarded; most leaves rolled; only a few are elongating Moderately tolerant Complete cessation of growth; most leaves dry; some plants dying Susceptible Almost all plants dead or dying Highly susceptible Source: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ricebreedingcourse/breeding_for_salt_tolerance.htm
- 9. Manifestation of SaltStress Morphological Symptoms White leaf tip followed by tip burning (salinity) Leaf browning & death (sodicity) Stunted plant growth Low tillering Spikelet sterility Low harvest index Less florets per panicle Less 1000 grain weight Low grain yield Change in flowering duration Leaf rolling White leaf blotches Poor root growth
- 10. “Ultimate death of leaf– always from oldest to youngest” Salinity symptoms at the vegetative stage
- 11. Effect of salinityat Reproductive stage – Spikelet Sterility
- 12. Effect of salinityat Reproductive stage – papery sterile spikelets
- 13. Manifestation of SaltStress Physiological & Biochemical v High Na+ transport to shoot v Preferential accumulation of Na in older leaves v High Cl- uptake v Lower K+ uptake v Lower fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots v Low P and Zn uptake v Increase of non-toxic organic compatible solutes v Increase in Polyamine levels
- 14. Basic Concepts –Genotype vs. phenotype Plant breeding is based upon most basic yet most important genotype and phenotype relationship (William Johannsen, 1903) Genes cannot push a trait to develop unless appropriate environment is provided No amount of manipulation can cause a phenotype to develop unless necessary genes(s) are present
- 15. Breeding Strategy Conventional breeding • Introduction •Selection • Hybridization • Pedigree • Bulk • SSD method Molecular breeding • MAS • QTLs • Somaclonal approach • Anther culture • Genetic transformation
- 16. What is MAS? Markerassisted selection (MAS) is a process whereby a marker is used for selection of a genetic determinant or determinants of a trait of interest.
- 17. Progress of Saltollocus • Saturated map of the Chromosome 1 (Saltol segment) is developed • Closely linked markers linked to the saltol locus identified • MAS is being validated in 3 breeding populations AP3206 RM3412 CP03970 RM8094 RM493 CP6224 RM140 (Source: Glenn B. Gregorio,2002) RM283 R844 S2139 RM246 RM237 RM23 RM140 C17 RM113 S1715 S13994 RM9 R2374B RM5 C1456 0.0 27. 4 129.9 60.6 123.5 119.5 103.1 99.1 98.2 91.9 40.0 28.4 64.9 66. 271.2 75.3 77.2 Short arm of chromosome 1 C52903S A
- 18. What is QTLs? QuantitativeTrait Loci (QTLs) is a location on a chromosome which regulate phenotype for quantitative trait and is determined by a number of genes.
- 19. List of genesthat are located in the region of QTL and up-regulated by high salinity in rice Gene name Insertion lines Clone ID full length cDNA References Pectinesterase 1B-23740, 1B-23741 CG408589 Ak105998 Ser/thr kinase AK065231 Guo et al., 2001 Phospholipase D 1515 AK120868 Kacperska, 2004 Zhu, 2002 SecA/protein transport factor CL520490 CL520492 AK070488 Peroxidase AK099187 Pastori and Foyer, 2002 Sottosanto et al., 2004 Alkaline Invertase AK120720 Unknown cDNA AK099887 Source: http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ricebreedingcourse/breeding_for_salt_tolerance.htm
- 20. • Agrobacterium mediatedtransformation • Particle bombardment (gun) • PEG-mediated • Electroporation • Silicon carbide fibers Methods of genetic transformation
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
- 24.
- 25. Progress in salinityresearch Saline Sodic Zn-def Acid Donor Screening technique Mechanism Genetics ? MAS developme nt Elite lines ? = completed, = fast track, = not available /available /on-going Lab. Field
- 26. Salt tolerant ricevarieties developed by IRRI and released in Philippines IRRI 112 - PSBRc48 (Hagonoy) IRRI 113 - PSBRc50 (Bicol) IRRI 124 - PSBRc84 (Sipocot) IRRI 125 - PSBRc86 (Matnog) IRRI 126 - PSBRc88 (Naga) IRRI 128 - NSICRc106 Other salt-tolerant rice varieties CSR10, CSR13, CSR23, CSR27, CSR30, CSR36 and Lunishree, Vytilla 1, Vytilla 2, Vytilla 3, Vytilla 4, Panvel 1, Panvel 2, Sumati, Usar dhan 1, 2 & 3 (India); BRRI dhan-40, BRRI dhan-41 (Bangladesh); OM2717, OM2517, OM3242 (Vietnam)
- 27. • Salt tolerancein rice is polygenic • Genes for salt tolerence have been identified by molecular analysis • Molecular breeding strategies utilizing these genes have been initiated to develop transgenic salt tolerant rice varieties. Conclusion
- 28. Thank you allfor your Kind attention