Mixed methods research involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data within a single study. It allows researchers to capitalize on the strengths of both approaches to understand complex phenomena. There are several strategies for mixed methods research, including sequential explanatory, concurrent triangulation, and concurrent transformative designs. Sequential explanatory design involves first collecting and analyzing quantitative data followed by qualitative data to help explain the quantitative results. Concurrent triangulation uses both methods concurrently to confirm findings, while concurrent transformative evaluates theoretical perspectives at different levels of analysis. Critics argue that quantitative and qualitative methods have different epistemological commitments and paradigms.

1. MIXED METHODS

2. MIXED METHODS
• Meaning of mixed methods
• Basic characteristics
• Why use mixed methods?
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Different strategies involved
• Criticism

3. Meaning of Mixed method
• Mixing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data
collection and analysis in a single study
• To capitalize strengths and compensate weakness
• Understand complex phenomena qualitatively and
explaining the phenomena through numbers, charts or
basic statistical ways
• Enables a more complete utilisation of data than do
separate qltv and qntv

4. Basic Characteristics
• Research design can be based on either or both
perspectives
• Sample sizes vary based on methods used
• Data collection can involve any technique available to
researchers
• Interpretation is continual and can influence stages in the
research process

5. Why Use Mixed Methods?
• To complement the strengths or overcome the limitations
of a single design.
• To understand (quali) and explain (quanti)
• To develop and test a new instrument
• To serve a theoretical perspective
• To address a question at different levels
• To address a theoretical perspective at different levels

6. Advantages
• Making it more easy to describe and report
• Can be useful when unexpected results arise from a prior
study
• Helps qualitative data to make generalisations
• Helps in designing and validating an instrument

7. Disadvantages
• Very time consuming
• Difficulty in resolving discrepancies between different
types of data
• Some designs generate unequal evidence
• Can be difficult to decide when to proceed in sequential
designs

8. Six Mixed Method Design
Strategies (Cresswell, 2003)
1. Sequential Explanatory
2. Sequential Exploratory
3. Sequential Transformative
4. Concurrent Triangulation
5. Concurrent Nested
6. Concurrent Transformative

9. Sequential Explanatory
• Collection and analysis of quantitative data followed by
qualitative
• To use qualitative results to assist in explaining and
interpreting the findings of quantitative study

10. Sequential Exploratory
• An initial phase of qualitative data collection and analysis
followed by a phase of quantitative one
• To explore a phenomenon.
• Useful when developing and testing a new instrument

11. Sequential Transformative
• Collection and analysis of either qualitative or quantitative
data first
• Results are integrated in the interpretation phase
• It helps to employ the methods that best serve a
theoretical perspective

12. Concurrent Triangulation
• Two or more methods used to confirm, cross-validate, or
corroborate findings within a study
• Data collection is concurrent
• To overcome a weakness in using one method with the
strengths of another

13. Concurrent Nested
• A nested approach that gives priority to one of the
methods and guides the project, while another is
embedded or “nested”
• To address a different question than the dominant or to
seek information from different levels

14. Concurrent Transformative
• Characterised by the use of a theoretical perspective
reflected in the purpose or research questions of the study
to guide all methodological choices
• To evaluate a theoretical perspective at different levels of
analysis

15. Criticism
• Both have different epistemological commitments
• Both are different research paradigms