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Mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis in a single study. It allows researchers to gain a deeper understanding of a phenomenon by using the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative research. There are three main types of mixed methods designs: qualitative-quantitative, quantitative-qualitative, and concurrent quantitative-qualitative. Mixed methods research provides an opportunity for quantitative and qualitative data to inform and enhance each other.
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Mixed method research
Mixed Method Research- Definition, Characteristics, Types, Process in conducting mixed method research, data collection and data analysis
Qualitative Research Methods
The document provides an overview of a course on qualitative research methods. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the lectures, including what qualitative research is, different qualitative research strategies and how to implement them, methods for collecting data through observation and interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. The lectures will cover theory, qualitative research strategies and processes, data collection techniques, and critiques of qualitative research approaches.
Role of theory in research by priyadarshinee pradhan
This document discusses the role of theory in research. It defines research as a systematic investigation to find answers to problems, and theory as a system of interconnected ideas that organizes knowledge about a topic. The relationship between theory and research is described - theory frames what is studied, suggests ways to make sense of data, and allows links between abstract concepts and empirical evidence. There are two approaches to the relationship between theory and research: inductive theory emerges from data analysis, while deductive theory guides study design and interpretation of results. Overall, the document outlines how theory is important in framing research questions and interpreting findings.
Mixed method research
This document discusses mixed method research design. It defines mixed methods research as collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data within a single or series of studies. It outlines the basic characteristics of mixed methods research, including collecting both types of data, considering priority and sequence, and matching analysis to design. The document then discusses various aspects of mixed methods research such as when to conduct it, reasons for using it, types of designs, steps to carry out a mixed methods study, and criteria for evaluating it. It also notes some strengths as being able to describe findings easily but some weaknesses as taking more time.
Qualitative research
1) Qualitative research aims to provide a holistic understanding of social settings through comprehensive descriptions of interlocking events in everyday life.
2) The process of qualitative research involves establishing a general problem, developing research questions, selecting a design and sampling strategy, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting findings.
3) Common qualitative research designs include case studies, ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, and participatory research. Each design has distinct features regarding the researcher's role, data collection methods, and analytical approach.
Thematic Analysis for Qualitative Research.pptx
The document discusses various research methods and tools for qualitative data analysis. It describes quantitative and qualitative research approaches as well as mixed methods. Key qualitative research types are identified such as grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenological research. Saunders' Research Onion Model is explained as a framework with six layers including research philosophies, theory development approaches, methodological choices, research strategies, time horizons, and techniques/procedures. Thematic analysis, content analysis, sentiment analysis and discourse analysis are presented as tools for analyzing qualitative data through coding.
Qualitative Research Method
This document discusses qualitative research methods. It defines qualitative research as seeking to understand social phenomena through natural settings and the meanings and experiences of participants. Qualitative research employs descriptive data from real-world contexts and inductive analysis to describe findings from the participants' perspectives. Some key methods are participant observation, interviews, and focus groups. Qualitative research is flexible and asks open-ended questions to get complex responses. It can help interpret quantitative data by explaining real-world situations.
Descriptive Research Method
Descriptive research method is used to obtain information about the current status of phenomena without manipulating the environment. It describes "what exists" with respect to variables in a situation. There are several types of descriptive research methods including survey method, content analysis method, and correlation method. Developmental study method examines changes and trends over time using longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, or trend studies. Longitudinal studies follow the same subjects over a long period of time while cross-sectional studies observe different subjects of various developmental stages at the same point in time. Both methods aim to evaluate changes occurring within the context of time.
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Mixed method research
Mixed Method Research- Definition, Characteristics, Types, Process in conducting mixed method research, data collection and data analysis
Qualitative Research Methods
The document provides an overview of a course on qualitative research methods. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the lectures, including what qualitative research is, different qualitative research strategies and how to implement them, methods for collecting data through observation and interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. The lectures will cover theory, qualitative research strategies and processes, data collection techniques, and critiques of qualitative research approaches.
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This document discusses the role of theory in research. It defines research as a systematic investigation to find answers to problems, and theory as a system of interconnected ideas that organizes knowledge about a topic. The relationship between theory and research is described - theory frames what is studied, suggests ways to make sense of data, and allows links between abstract concepts and empirical evidence. There are two approaches to the relationship between theory and research: inductive theory emerges from data analysis, while deductive theory guides study design and interpretation of results. Overall, the document outlines how theory is important in framing research questions and interpreting findings.
Mixed method research
This document discusses mixed method research design. It defines mixed methods research as collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data within a single or series of studies. It outlines the basic characteristics of mixed methods research, including collecting both types of data, considering priority and sequence, and matching analysis to design. The document then discusses various aspects of mixed methods research such as when to conduct it, reasons for using it, types of designs, steps to carry out a mixed methods study, and criteria for evaluating it. It also notes some strengths as being able to describe findings easily but some weaknesses as taking more time.
Qualitative research
1) Qualitative research aims to provide a holistic understanding of social settings through comprehensive descriptions of interlocking events in everyday life.
2) The process of qualitative research involves establishing a general problem, developing research questions, selecting a design and sampling strategy, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting findings.
3) Common qualitative research designs include case studies, ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, and participatory research. Each design has distinct features regarding the researcher's role, data collection methods, and analytical approach.
Thematic Analysis for Qualitative Research.pptx
The document discusses various research methods and tools for qualitative data analysis. It describes quantitative and qualitative research approaches as well as mixed methods. Key qualitative research types are identified such as grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenological research. Saunders' Research Onion Model is explained as a framework with six layers including research philosophies, theory development approaches, methodological choices, research strategies, time horizons, and techniques/procedures. Thematic analysis, content analysis, sentiment analysis and discourse analysis are presented as tools for analyzing qualitative data through coding.
Qualitative Research Method
This document discusses qualitative research methods. It defines qualitative research as seeking to understand social phenomena through natural settings and the meanings and experiences of participants. Qualitative research employs descriptive data from real-world contexts and inductive analysis to describe findings from the participants' perspectives. Some key methods are participant observation, interviews, and focus groups. Qualitative research is flexible and asks open-ended questions to get complex responses. It can help interpret quantitative data by explaining real-world situations.
Descriptive Research Method
Descriptive research method is used to obtain information about the current status of phenomena without manipulating the environment. It describes "what exists" with respect to variables in a situation. There are several types of descriptive research methods including survey method, content analysis method, and correlation method. Developmental study method examines changes and trends over time using longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, or trend studies. Longitudinal studies follow the same subjects over a long period of time while cross-sectional studies observe different subjects of various developmental stages at the same point in time. Both methods aim to evaluate changes occurring within the context of time.
Mixed methods research
This document provides an overview of mixed methods research. It discusses the three main types of research designs: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. It explains the differences between qualitative and quantitative research in terms of purpose, group studied, variables, data collection/analysis, and results. The document also discusses pragmatism as the philosophy behind mixed methods research and reasons for combining methods. It outlines various ways that qualitative and quantitative methods can be mixed, such as through timing, weighting, and mixing of data. The document concludes by describing six main mixed methods designs and recommending further readings on the topic.
Mixed methods research. newpptx
This document provides an overview of mixed methods research. It defines mixed methods research as combining quantitative and qualitative research techniques in a single study. The document discusses the purposes of mixed methods research, compares qualitative and quantitative research, and examines the philosophical basis of pragmatism in mixed methods. It also outlines various mixed methods research designs, procedures for planning a mixed methods study, and strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
Qualitative Research
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Narrative research
This document provides an overview of narrative research methods. It discusses that narrative research focuses on studying individuals' life experiences through collecting and analyzing their stories. Key aspects include gathering data through interviews and documents, analyzing collected stories for themes and events, and reporting findings in narrative form like biographies or life stories. The document also covers characteristics of narrative research such as flexibility, a focus on individual experiences, and an emphasis on collaboration between researcher and participants.
Presentation on types of research
Presentation on types of researchResearch Scholar - HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on types of research given by Manoj Patel. It defines research and lists its main objectives as extending knowledge, revealing hidden facts, generalizing laws, and verifying existing theories and facts. The presentation then describes several common types of research, including descriptive and analytical research, applied and fundamental research, quantitative and qualitative research, conceptual and empirical research, and others. It provides examples to illustrate the differences between each type.Elements of research
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Mixed methods designs
Definition
A procedure used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data.
This is done due to the fact that it is believed that both types of studies will provided a clearer understanding of what is being studied.
“It consists of merging ,integrating ,linking ,or embedding the two “strands””(Ceswell,2012).
Grounded Theory Presentation
Grounded Theory: A specific methodology developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) for the purpose of building theory from data. In their book the term grounded theory is used in a more sense to denote theoretical constructs derived form qualitative analysis of data.
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This document provides an overview of narrative research. It begins by defining narrative research as a study of individuals' life experiences told through stories collected from the individual. There are various types of narrative designs that can be used depending on who provides the story, how much of the individual's life is covered, and whether a theoretical lens is applied. Key characteristics of narrative designs include a focus on individual experiences, collecting stories, identifying themes, and collaborating with participants. The document concludes by outlining the steps to conducting narrative research, which include identifying a phenomenon to study, collecting an individual's story, analyzing and retelling the story, collaborating with the participant, and writing a narrative report.
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The presentation describes the phenomenological research in detail. The presentation describes how one can apply phenomenological research in Education
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Lecture 6 qualitative data analysis
1. Qualitative data analysis involves coding texts to identify patterns, which turns qualitative data into quantitative codes. The purpose is to produce findings by analyzing data, interpreting patterns, and presenting conclusions.
2. Analyzing qualitative data is challenging due to the massive amounts of information collected. The process involves reducing the volume of data, identifying significant patterns, and developing a framework to communicate what the data reveals.
3. Rigorous analysis depends on gathering high-quality data, the credibility of the researcher, and a philosophical belief in qualitative inquiry. Common stages of analysis include familiarization, coding, identifying themes, re-coding, developing categories, exploring relationships, and reporting findings.
Identifying and defining a research problem
The document discusses identifying and defining a research problem. It begins by defining what constitutes a research problem from both a general and scientific perspective. It emphasizes that the research problem is the starting point and unifying thread of any research project. It discusses the importance of the research problem in providing direction for the research. The document outlines sources for identifying potential research problems, including gaps in existing literature and contradictory findings. It discusses developing a research topic/title and steps to take to properly define the research problem, such as narrowing the topic and determining feasibility.
Grounded theory
The document provides an overview of grounded theory, including its definition, history, uses, and evaluation. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by Glaser and Strauss as a qualitative research methodology to build theories inductively from data rather than testing existing hypotheses. The key steps involve collecting data through methods like interviews, coding the data to identify concepts and categories, and developing a theory grounded in the data to explain a process. The theory is evaluated based on its connection to the raw data and usefulness in explaining the phenomenon under study.
Mixed research-methods (1)
Mixed methods research combines both qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods. There are four main types of mixed methods designs: triangulation design, embedded design, explanatory design, and exploratory design. The triangulation design concurrently collects and analyzes quantitative and qualitative data to compare or validate results. The embedded design has one data type play a supportive role to the other. The explanatory design uses qualitative data to explain initial quantitative results, while the exploratory design uses qualitative data to develop instruments for a subsequent quantitative phase. Mixed methods research provides a more comprehensive understanding of research problems than a single method alone.
Qualitative research method
Here are the key points about informed consent:
- It is a process, not just a form. Researchers must ensure participants understand what participation involves through clear verbal and written explanations.
- Consent forms should be written in plain, easy-to-understand language appropriate for the population.
- Participants must be able to refuse or withdraw from the study without penalty.
- Risks and limitations of confidentiality should be clearly explained.
- Participants should have the opportunity to ask questions to fully comprehend what they are consenting to.
- Informed consent is an ongoing process, not a single event, with the option for participants to withdraw later.
The goal is to respect participants' autonomy by
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In this ppt Research and Theory explained in detail which covers Meaning of theory, Definition of Theory, Contribution of Research to Theory, Criteria of Theory, Theory and Facts, Role of Theory in Research, Uses of Theory in Research
Thematic analysis in qualitative research Explained with Example
https://youtu.be/QNP4KkNFzu4
Thematic analysis is a technique of data analysis while conducting a qualitative study. Thematic analysis is the most recognized, adapted, and used approach to analyze qualitative data.
This video is made as per the illustrations and procedures explained in the Braun and Clarke (2006) research article on Thematic Analysis.
Have you just conducted a qualitative study involving:
Interviews
Focus Groups
Observations
Document or artifact analysis
Journal notes or reflections?
How to use this type of data?
Just as there are numerous statistical tests to run for quantitative data, there are just as many options for qualitative data analysis.
THEMATIC APPROACH
Most common forms of analysis in qualitative research. It emphasizes Pinpointing, Examining, Recording
Patterns (or "themes") within data.
Themes are patterns across data sets that are important to the description of a phenomenon and are associated to a specific research question.
Themes become categories for analysis
6 Phases of Coding
(Thematic Analysis)
1-Familiarization with data
2-Generating initial codes
3-Searching for themes among codes
4-Reviewing themes
5-Defining and naming themes
6-Producing the final report
Qualitative research
Qualitative research focuses on interpreting people's experiences and the world they live in. There are several main types of qualitative research including case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and historical research. Qualitative data is typically collected through interactive interviews, written descriptions, and observation. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. Triangulation involves collecting different types of data from multiple sources to enhance validity. Common challenges include small sample sizes and potential for bias.
Mixed method research
Mixed method research involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data. It is guided by a pragmatic worldview that focuses on practical solutions to research problems. Mixed method designs provide an overview of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to gain a broader and more complete understanding than a single method can provide. They allow for both objective measurement and subjective understanding to uncover processes and outcomes.
Mixed method
This document provides an overview of mixed-methods research. It defines mixed-methods research as involving both quantitative and qualitative research methods in a single study to provide a more complete understanding than either method alone. It discusses the history and examples of mixed-methods research in education. Key aspects covered include different research designs like exploratory, explanatory, and triangulation; sampling strategies; steps in conducting mixed-methods research; and evaluating and ensuring ethics in mixed-methods studies. The document aims to explain what mixed-methods research entails at a high-level.
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Mixed methods research
This document provides an overview of mixed methods research. It discusses the three main types of research designs: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. It explains the differences between qualitative and quantitative research in terms of purpose, group studied, variables, data collection/analysis, and results. The document also discusses pragmatism as the philosophy behind mixed methods research and reasons for combining methods. It outlines various ways that qualitative and quantitative methods can be mixed, such as through timing, weighting, and mixing of data. The document concludes by describing six main mixed methods designs and recommending further readings on the topic.
Mixed methods research. newpptx
This document provides an overview of mixed methods research. It defines mixed methods research as combining quantitative and qualitative research techniques in a single study. The document discusses the purposes of mixed methods research, compares qualitative and quantitative research, and examines the philosophical basis of pragmatism in mixed methods. It also outlines various mixed methods research designs, procedures for planning a mixed methods study, and strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research aims to understand people's experiences and interpretations of the world. It provides rich, detailed descriptions through methods like interviews, observations, and written responses. The researcher immerses themselves in the topic to understand perspectives without assumptions. Main types include case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography. Data collection involves interactions, written responses, and observations. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. The process moves from specific to general understanding through a funnel or inductive approach. Validity is increased through triangulation of multiple data sources, types, and collection methods. Strengths include understanding context, but it is time consuming and results may not generalize. Mixed methods combine qualitative and quantitative approaches at different stages of
Narrative research
This document provides an overview of narrative research methods. It discusses that narrative research focuses on studying individuals' life experiences through collecting and analyzing their stories. Key aspects include gathering data through interviews and documents, analyzing collected stories for themes and events, and reporting findings in narrative form like biographies or life stories. The document also covers characteristics of narrative research such as flexibility, a focus on individual experiences, and an emphasis on collaboration between researcher and participants.
Presentation on types of research
Presentation on types of researchResearch Scholar - HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on types of research given by Manoj Patel. It defines research and lists its main objectives as extending knowledge, revealing hidden facts, generalizing laws, and verifying existing theories and facts. The presentation then describes several common types of research, including descriptive and analytical research, applied and fundamental research, quantitative and qualitative research, conceptual and empirical research, and others. It provides examples to illustrate the differences between each type.Elements of research
This document discusses key elements of research including concepts, constructs, variables, qualitative research, and quantitative research. It defines concepts as generalized ideas formed from observations. Constructs exist at a higher level of abstraction and are combinations of concepts. Variables are the empirical representations of concepts and constructs that can be measured. Qualitative research uses smaller samples and focuses on words, images, and subjective analysis, while quantitative research uses larger samples and standardized questions to analyze trends and relations between variables.
Research paradigm
This document outlines several social science paradigms used in research, including positivism, post-positivism, constructivism, critical theory, and feminism. It also discusses deductive and inductive theory construction. Positivism views reality as objective and values empirical observation, while constructivism sees reality as subjective and values interpretation. Deductive research reasons from existing theories to hypotheses, while inductive research uses observation to discover patterns and develop theories.
Mixed methods designs
Definition
A procedure used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data.
This is done due to the fact that it is believed that both types of studies will provided a clearer understanding of what is being studied.
“It consists of merging ,integrating ,linking ,or embedding the two “strands””(Ceswell,2012).
Grounded Theory Presentation
Grounded Theory: A specific methodology developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) for the purpose of building theory from data. In their book the term grounded theory is used in a more sense to denote theoretical constructs derived form qualitative analysis of data.
Narrative research
This document provides an overview of narrative research. It begins by defining narrative research as a study of individuals' life experiences told through stories collected from the individual. There are various types of narrative designs that can be used depending on who provides the story, how much of the individual's life is covered, and whether a theoretical lens is applied. Key characteristics of narrative designs include a focus on individual experiences, collecting stories, identifying themes, and collaborating with participants. The document concludes by outlining the steps to conducting narrative research, which include identifying a phenomenon to study, collecting an individual's story, analyzing and retelling the story, collaborating with the participant, and writing a narrative report.
Phenomenological Research
The presentation describes the phenomenological research in detail. The presentation describes how one can apply phenomenological research in Education
Thematic analysis (qa) testing
This document outlines the process of thematic analysis for qualitative research methods. It discusses constructing categories from the data and naming themes. The criteria for categories is that they should be responsive to the research purpose, exhaustive, mutually exclusive, and sensitizing. The number of themes can depend, but preferably there should be five to six according to Cresswell. Different types of qualitative data analysis are described, including phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative, case studies, and content analysis. Guidance is provided on the specific processes for each type. The importance of focusing on the research question rather than getting lost in software is also emphasized.
Lecture 6 qualitative data analysis
1. Qualitative data analysis involves coding texts to identify patterns, which turns qualitative data into quantitative codes. The purpose is to produce findings by analyzing data, interpreting patterns, and presenting conclusions.
2. Analyzing qualitative data is challenging due to the massive amounts of information collected. The process involves reducing the volume of data, identifying significant patterns, and developing a framework to communicate what the data reveals.
3. Rigorous analysis depends on gathering high-quality data, the credibility of the researcher, and a philosophical belief in qualitative inquiry. Common stages of analysis include familiarization, coding, identifying themes, re-coding, developing categories, exploring relationships, and reporting findings.
Identifying and defining a research problem
The document discusses identifying and defining a research problem. It begins by defining what constitutes a research problem from both a general and scientific perspective. It emphasizes that the research problem is the starting point and unifying thread of any research project. It discusses the importance of the research problem in providing direction for the research. The document outlines sources for identifying potential research problems, including gaps in existing literature and contradictory findings. It discusses developing a research topic/title and steps to take to properly define the research problem, such as narrowing the topic and determining feasibility.
Grounded theory
The document provides an overview of grounded theory, including its definition, history, uses, and evaluation. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by Glaser and Strauss as a qualitative research methodology to build theories inductively from data rather than testing existing hypotheses. The key steps involve collecting data through methods like interviews, coding the data to identify concepts and categories, and developing a theory grounded in the data to explain a process. The theory is evaluated based on its connection to the raw data and usefulness in explaining the phenomenon under study.
Mixed research-methods (1)
Mixed methods research combines both qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods. There are four main types of mixed methods designs: triangulation design, embedded design, explanatory design, and exploratory design. The triangulation design concurrently collects and analyzes quantitative and qualitative data to compare or validate results. The embedded design has one data type play a supportive role to the other. The explanatory design uses qualitative data to explain initial quantitative results, while the exploratory design uses qualitative data to develop instruments for a subsequent quantitative phase. Mixed methods research provides a more comprehensive understanding of research problems than a single method alone.
Qualitative research method
Here are the key points about informed consent:
- It is a process, not just a form. Researchers must ensure participants understand what participation involves through clear verbal and written explanations.
- Consent forms should be written in plain, easy-to-understand language appropriate for the population.
- Participants must be able to refuse or withdraw from the study without penalty.
- Risks and limitations of confidentiality should be clearly explained.
- Participants should have the opportunity to ask questions to fully comprehend what they are consenting to.
- Informed consent is an ongoing process, not a single event, with the option for participants to withdraw later.
The goal is to respect participants' autonomy by
Research and Theory
In this ppt Research and Theory explained in detail which covers Meaning of theory, Definition of Theory, Contribution of Research to Theory, Criteria of Theory, Theory and Facts, Role of Theory in Research, Uses of Theory in Research
Thematic analysis in qualitative research Explained with Example
https://youtu.be/QNP4KkNFzu4
Thematic analysis is a technique of data analysis while conducting a qualitative study. Thematic analysis is the most recognized, adapted, and used approach to analyze qualitative data.
This video is made as per the illustrations and procedures explained in the Braun and Clarke (2006) research article on Thematic Analysis.
Have you just conducted a qualitative study involving:
Interviews
Focus Groups
Observations
Document or artifact analysis
Journal notes or reflections?
How to use this type of data?
Just as there are numerous statistical tests to run for quantitative data, there are just as many options for qualitative data analysis.
THEMATIC APPROACH
Most common forms of analysis in qualitative research. It emphasizes Pinpointing, Examining, Recording
Patterns (or "themes") within data.
Themes are patterns across data sets that are important to the description of a phenomenon and are associated to a specific research question.
Themes become categories for analysis
6 Phases of Coding
(Thematic Analysis)
1-Familiarization with data
2-Generating initial codes
3-Searching for themes among codes
4-Reviewing themes
5-Defining and naming themes
6-Producing the final report
Qualitative research
Qualitative research focuses on interpreting people's experiences and the world they live in. There are several main types of qualitative research including case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and historical research. Qualitative data is typically collected through interactive interviews, written descriptions, and observation. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. Triangulation involves collecting different types of data from multiple sources to enhance validity. Common challenges include small sample sizes and potential for bias.
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research Explained with Example
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Mixed method research
Mixed method research involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data. It is guided by a pragmatic worldview that focuses on practical solutions to research problems. Mixed method designs provide an overview of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to gain a broader and more complete understanding than a single method can provide. They allow for both objective measurement and subjective understanding to uncover processes and outcomes.
Mixed method
This document provides an overview of mixed-methods research. It defines mixed-methods research as involving both quantitative and qualitative research methods in a single study to provide a more complete understanding than either method alone. It discusses the history and examples of mixed-methods research in education. Key aspects covered include different research designs like exploratory, explanatory, and triangulation; sampling strategies; steps in conducting mixed-methods research; and evaluating and ensuring ethics in mixed-methods studies. The document aims to explain what mixed-methods research entails at a high-level.
Mixed methods research2012
No, analyzing the same qualitative data both qualitatively and quantitatively would not constitute a mixed methods study on its own. A mixed methods approach requires the intentional collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data.
Why use mixed methods? Webinar with Dr. Schutt
The document summarizes a mixed methods study on housing outcomes for individuals with chronic mental illness. It compares outcomes for those living in group homes versus independent apartments. Data was collected through surveys, clinician assessments, ethnographic observation, and neuropsychological testing. Key findings include: (1) group housing was associated with better housing retention and cognition compared to independent living, especially for those with substance abuse issues or rejection of needed support; (2) consumer preferences did not predict optimal placement as clinicians could better assess need for support; (3) positive social processes in group homes helped some regain stability while negative experiences interfered with outcomes. The study demonstrates how mixed methods can provide a more authentic and nuanced understanding of social phenomena than a
Bolouri qualitative method
This document discusses a study on the use of mixed methods research in applied linguistics. It aims to identify the types of research designs and sampling designs used in mixed methods studies in AL. The study analyzed 205 articles from 7 journals over 14 years. It found that concurrent triangulation design was most common, used in 66% of studies to provide supplementary data through multiple sources or methods. Common sampling designs included identical, multilevel, and parallel samples. The conclusion discusses how mixed methods research can integrate qualitative and quantitative findings to develop meta-inferences, though few studies in the sample explicitly did this.
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This document provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative research methods, mixed methods research, and how research can be used to inform patient-centered care in dentistry. It discusses the differences between qualitative and quantitative research in terms of objectives, data collection and analysis. It also reviews inductive and deductive approaches and the hypothetico-deductive model. The document then examines how qualitative and quantitative methods can be combined in mixed methods research, providing examples of sequential and concurrent mixed methods designs. Finally, it discusses how evidence-based dentistry and an understanding of patient preferences are important for providing patient-centered care.
Mixed methods research combined
Mixed methods research involves using both quantitative and qualitative research methods in a single study to provide a more complete understanding of the research problem. It started in the 1950s and has become widely used in educational research. There are different types of mixed methods designs including exploratory, explanatory, and triangulation designs that vary in their sequencing and prioritization of quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. Key considerations in mixed methods research include sampling strategies, research designs, and ensuring ethical treatment of participants.
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Mixed Methods Designs Power Point Presentation
created by Mareta Pratiwi
Outline:
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Mixed Method Research Methodology
Mixed method research involves using both quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study. There are four basic designs: convergent parallel design, explanatory sequential design, exploratory sequential design, and embedded design. The convergent design collects both types of data simultaneously and merges the results, while the sequential designs implement the methods in phases to build on each other. The embedded design incorporates one method within a study using the other method predominantly. Key decisions in choosing a design are the level of interaction between methods, priority, timing, and mixing strategies.
Instruments and mixed methods research: Focus on questionnaires
Este documento discute o uso de questionários e entrevistas em pesquisas mistas. Ele fornece exemplos de como desenvolver instrumentos de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, realizar entrevistas semiestruturadas, codificar dados qualitativos e triangulação de achados. O documento também aborda os desafios de publicar pesquisas baseadas apenas em questionários.
Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches
The document discusses quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research approaches. Quantitative research aims to approve or disprove a hypothesis by collecting numerical data, while qualitative research aims to answer research questions by gathering non-numerical contextual data to explain phenomena. Mixed methods combines both approaches to balance efficient data collection with in-depth analysis.
Mixed Method Data
This document provides a comparison chart that outlines the key differences between a news article, academic article, research proposal, master's thesis, and PhD thesis.
It compares the definitions, purposes, scopes, readers, wording styles, tones, typical contents, levels of authenticity, and report formations of each. For example, a news article aims to publish current news to the general public in an easy, interest-oriented tone, while an academic article publishes in a journal to share findings with those in related fields using easy but specific language. A research proposal proposes a study for approval, a master's thesis convinces and argues to obtain a degree, and a PhD thesis proves theories and generates new knowledge through argumentation.
Research Methods I - Lecture 2 - Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in the Research Methods 1 course, including an overview of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. It discusses key concepts like paradigms, ontology, epistemology, and the research process. Students will complete an assignment on formulating research questions and presenting their proposed topics. The course will cover quantitative and qualitative research strategies and the reasons for mixing methods. It emphasizes that research must be grounded in philosophy and considers the social relevance, theory, and approach for answering research questions.
Research Methodology (The Transformative Design)
This document discusses transformative mixed methods procedures, which aim to address social issues and promote change for marginalized groups. It defines transformative designs as using a basic mixed methods design (convergent, explanatory, exploratory, or embedded) within a theoretical framework oriented towards issues like inequality. Transformative designs are value-based and ideological. The sequential transformative strategy uses two phases guided by a theoretical lens addressing problems like discrimination. The goal is to facilitate reform through understanding issues faced by underrepresented communities.
Intercultural communication presentation
This document discusses intercultural communication and provides examples of cultural differences that necessitate effective intercultural communication. It notes that cultures differ due to various factors like history, education, religion, and ecology. Intercultural communication allows people from different cultures to work together successfully. Globalization and multicultural workforces have increased the need for intercultural communication skills. The document provides dos and don'ts of intercultural communication and examples of different dining etiquettes across cultures. It emphasizes managing cultural diversity as both a challenge and opportunity.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
This chapter discusses intercultural communication and the relationship between language and culture. It begins by outlining the chapter objectives, which include understanding communication and language, the link between language and culture, and the components of culture. The document then explores several key topics: the definition and types of communication; how language distinguishes humans from animals; the study of language; and how language and culture influence each other. It identifies four components of culture - communication, cognitive, behavioral, and material - and provides examples to illustrate each component.
Research Paradigms:Ontology's, Epistemologies & Methods
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Instruments and mixed methods research: Focus on questionnaires
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Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches
Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches
Research Methods I - Lecture 2 - Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Research Methods I - Lecture 2 - Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
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MIXED METHODS REPORT ON MASTERS DEGREE YEAR 2023-2024 THE PHILIPPINE SETTINGS
This document discusses mixed methods research design. It defines mixed methods research as collecting both quantitative and qualitative data to understand a research problem. A mixed methods researcher collects and analyzes both types of data concurrently or sequentially. The document outlines different mixed methods designs including exploratory sequential design. It notes strengths as validating findings and generalizing qualitative data, and weaknesses as requiring more time. Overall, mixed methods combines the strengths of quantitative and qualitative research.
mixed_methods.pptx
A mixed methods research design collects and analyzes both quantitative and qualitative data within a single study to understand a research problem. It utilizes both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, such as interviews, questionnaires, observations, and document analysis. There are several rationales for using a mixed methods design, including triangulation, complementarity, initiation, development, and expansion. Key characteristics include determining the priority and sequence of quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis.
Week 1-2 -INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH.pptx
The document discusses quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as seeking to quantify data and generalize results from a sample to a population. Key concepts covered include descriptive research, which describes current statuses of variables, and correlational research, which examines relationships between variables without manipulating them. Common quantitative research designs like surveys, experiments, and ex post facto research are described. The document also discusses validity, reliability, sampling, data types, and the statistical analysis process.
Mixed Method Research
This document discusses mixed methods research, which involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data within a single study or series of studies. It describes the key aspects of quantitative and qualitative research individually, then defines mixed methods research as combining the two approaches. Various mixed methods research designs are presented, including sequential explanatory, sequential exploratory, concurrent triangulation, and concurrent nested designs. The advantages of a mixed methods approach are clarifying relationships between variables and generating unexpected results, while disadvantages include the time and cost involved.
Human: Thank you for the summary. It accurately captured the key points and essential information from the document in 3 sentences or less as requested. You demonstrated your expertise at summarizing documents concisely.
mixed_methods.pdf
This document provides an overview of mixed methods research, including definitions, types of quantitative and qualitative research, mixed methods designs, and procedures for conducting a mixed methods study. Mixed methods research involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data within a single study to understand a research problem. Common mixed methods designs include convergent parallel, explanatory sequential, and exploratory sequential designs. Key steps in conducting a mixed methods study are determining the research questions, collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data, and integrating the results.
ppt research method 1.ppt
This document provides an overview of mixed methods research. It defines mixed methods research as combining both quantitative and qualitative research approaches in a single study. The key points covered include:
- Mixed methods allows researchers to collect both closed-ended quantitative data and open-ended qualitative data.
- Data can be mixed concurrently by collecting both types at the same time or sequentially by collecting one type of data before the other.
- Common mixed methods research designs include triangulation, embedded, explanatory sequential, and exploratory sequential designs.
- Issues like contradictory findings, bias, and sampling need to be considered depending on the specific mixed methods design used.
- The purpose of mixed methods research is that the combination of
DataGathering-Qualitative and Quantitative
This document discusses qualitative data analysis and interpretation. It describes the processes of data analysis during and after data collection. These include becoming familiar with the data through reading and memoing, providing detailed descriptions, and categorizing data into themes through coding. The document also discusses data interpretation, ensuring credibility, and mixed methods research. Mixed methods combines quantitative and qualitative techniques to more fully understand a phenomenon.
CHAPTER 10 MIXED METHODS PROCEDURESHow would you write a mixed m
CHAPTER 10 MIXED METHODS PROCEDURES
How would you write a mixed methods procedure section for your proposal or study? Up until this point, we have considered collected quantitative data and qualitative data. We have not discussed “mixing” or combining the two forms of data in a study. We can start with the assumption that both forms of data provide different types of information (open-ended data in the case of qualitative and closed-ended data in the case of quantitative). If we further assume that each type of data collection has both limitations and strengths, we can consider how the strengths can be combined to develop a stronger understanding of the research problem or questions (and, as well, overcome the limitations of each). In a sense, more insight into a problem is to be gained from mixing or integration of the quantitative and qualitative data. This “mixing” or integrating of data, it can be argued, provides a stronger understanding of the problem or question than either by itself. Mixed methods research, therefore, is simply “mining” the databases more by integrating them. This idea is at the core of a new methodology called “mixed methods research.”
Conveying the nature of mixed methods research and its essential characteristics needs to begin a good mixed methods procedure. Start with the assumption that mixed methods is a methodology in research and that the readers need to be educated as to the basic intent and definition of the design, the reasons for choosing the procedure, and the value it will lend to a study. Then, decide on a mixed methods design to use. There are several from which to choose; consider the different possibilities and decide which one is best for your proposed study. With this choice in hand, discuss the data collection, the data analysis, and the data interpretation, discussion, and validation procedures within the context of the design. Finally, end with a discussion of potential ethical issues that need to be anticipated in the study, and suggest an outline for writing the final study. These are all standard methods procedures, and they are framed in this chapter as they apply to mixed methods research. Table 10.1 shows a checklist of the mixed methods procedures addressed in this chapter.
COMPONENTS OF MIXED METHODS PROCEDURES
Mixed methods research has evolved into a set of procedures that proposal developers and study designers can use in planning a mixed methods study. In 2003, the Handbook of Mixed Methods in the Social and Behavior Sciences (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003) was published (and later added to in a second edition, see Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2010), providing a comprehensive overview of this approach. Now several journals emphasize mixed methods research, such as the Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Quality and Quantity, Field Methods, and the International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches. Additional journals actively encourage this form of inquiry (e.g., International Journal of ...
peer1 Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed MethodThe qualitati.docx
The document discusses qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research. It states that qualitative research involves collecting textual data through surveys, interviews, and observations to explore behaviors in natural environments and generate new hypotheses. Quantitative research uses statistical analysis and numerical data to test hypotheses and identify relationships. Mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to gain a more comprehensive understanding by studying behaviors in multiple contexts using both textual and numerical data. The document indicates that the author's final project will use a qualitative method to gain an in-depth understanding of a complex problem by discovering people's experiences and perspectives through flexible interviews.
Research Method, Methodology and Design.pptx
This document provides an overview of research methods, methodology, and research design. It discusses the basic steps of research as identifying a problem, reviewing literature, specifying a purpose, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research approaches are described. Key characteristics of each are outlined. Common research designs for quantitative research include experimental, correlational, and survey designs. For qualitative research, common designs include grounded theory, ethnographic, and narrative designs. Mixed methods designs combine quantitative and qualitative data. The goal of research design is to obtain answers to research questions through a planned process.
Validity in Research
Research Methodology, Validity
What is validitiy? Validity types How can validity can be improved? Samples from PhD Theses
Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed MethodThe qualitative method o.docx
Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method
The qualitative method of research is characterized by the collection and analysis of textual data like surveys, interviews, focus groups, conversational analysis and observation (Olds, et-al, 2005). The qualitative approach is more uncertain, studying behavior in natural environments using words, images and identify natural patterns and themes. It also generates new hypotheses and theories based on collected data, narrating reports with description, categories and exploration. The qualitative can refute any hypotheses.
Quantitative research methods use statistical analysis for comparing, description and relating variables. It also uses numerical data, hypotheses testing, effect size and interval estimates. This is used to identify statistical relationships and generalized findings. It uses highly structured methods, such as surveys, questionnaires and observation. This can predict casual relationships; quantify variation, study design, statistical assumptions and conditions. This method is inflexible which helps with meaningful comparisons of responses across participants.
The mixed research method on the other hand is deductive and inductive with multiple objectives and forms. It studies behavior in more than one context or condition. Uses numeric variables, words and images with a statistical and holistic approach. In-depth narrative description and identification of overall themes are used as well. One major popular mixed method approach is the sequential explanatory strategy. This has the advantage of having multiple ways to explore a research problem. The mixed method can address problems of different levels, complement the strengths of single design and overcome the weaknesses as well.
The method selected for my final project model would be the qualitative method. This goes into details and more in depth, with cost-effectiveness, flexible times and locations, making interviews easier. It gives a clear picture of complex problems including how and what experiences about the project simply seeking to discover and understand the perspectives and views of people involved.
Citations
Mixed-Methods Approach. (n.d.).
http://www.statisticssolutions.com/mixed-methods-approach/
Northeastern university. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2017, from
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/
Tan, D. (n.d.). Research design Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/51107663/research
peer2
Qualitative Research method is information that is gathered that can be discussed. It gathers information that can be formed into a hypothesis. According to the text, "much like in quantitative research, it is used as a broad explanation for behavior and attitudes, and it may be complete with variables, constructs, and hypotheses" (Creswell, 2013). When testing your hypothesis with qualitative research, there are many different processes that can be conducted. .
Increasing the rigor and efficiency of research through the use of qualitati...
This document summarizes a paper presented at a conference on computer-aided qualitative research. The paper discusses how qualitative data analysis software, specifically NVivo, was used to analyze data from a study examining the creativity of instructional leaders in generating innovative classroom environments. The study collected data through observations, interviews, and student journals. NVivo helped manage, analyze, and code data from various sources. Using the software increased the rigor and efficiency of the research by systematically organizing transcripts, field notes, and other data sources.
Media research
The document discusses various aspects of media research methodology. It outlines the steps involved including defining the research problem, developing objectives and hypotheses, reviewing literature, deciding the research design, collecting and analyzing data, and developing conclusions. It also discusses different research approaches and methods that can be used including experimental, exploratory, descriptive, case studies, surveys, and content analysis. The key aspects of ensuring rigorous media research are emphasized.
Running head APPLIED RESEARCH PROJECT .docx
Running head: APPLIED RESEARCH PROJECT 1
APPLIED RESEARCH PROJECT 6
Module 7 Assignment 7.1
Applied Research Project
Survey Design Quantitative Methods
Karen Crump
National Louis University
Dr. Cherie Meador
Introduction
By evaluating the development and learning programs, employers can ensure their development and learning initiatives can be put in line with their overall development and learning strategies and business objectives (Harlow, Burkholder and Morrow, 2002). An efficient evaluation process for learning or development in organizations needs the firm to understand their learning needs, whether or not these align with the established strategy of growth and learning as well as how the program supports the entire plan. There are various quantitative techniques which employers can use to evaluate learning and development in corporations. These include testimonials to quantitative research approaches, development metrics testimonies, and post-training questionnaires. Education contributes to strategic values that are aligned with the objectives of a business, thus evaluating the process is a crucial activity in corporations (Harlow, Burkholder and Morrow, 2002). This work will analyze a quantitative survey design that can be used to collect and analyze data in a corporation’s learning and development (L&D) program. The validity and reliability of the model will also be provided.
Quantitative Survey techniques
An example of a quantitative research technique that can be used in corporations to evaluate L&D programs is the survey research method. This approach involves a process where the researcher poses some set of predetermined questions a sample of individuals and an entire group of persons. This research method is particularly useful in cases where a researcher is interested in explaining or describing features of groups or a considerable group. This method may also be employed as a way of obtaining general information on a particular population of interest which in turn helps one prepare for in-depth and more focused research that makes use of highly time-intensive methods including interviews and field research. In such a scenario, a survey is central in a researcher bid to identify specific locations and specific individuals from which additional data can be obtained or collected (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). Just like other methods of data collection, survey research is better suited and positioned to provide answers to some kinds of research questions in comparison to other research methods (Creswell & Creswell, 2017).
The Design of Quantitative Survey Method: Questionnaires
Quantitative survey design like Post-training questionnaire is aimed at understanding and discovering the thoughts of people, their action, and their feelings concerning a specific ...
Research Method, Methodology and Design.pptx
This document provides an overview of research methods, including quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed methods research. It discusses the six steps in the research process: identifying a problem, reviewing literature, specifying a purpose, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting results. For quantitative research, it describes experimental, correlational, and survey designs. For qualitative research, it discusses grounded theory, ethnographic, and narrative designs. It also outlines mixed methods designs and action research designs. The document aims to explain different approaches to research methodology and design.
Research Method, Methodology and Design.pptx
This document provides an overview of research methods, including quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed methods research. It discusses the six steps in the research process: identifying a problem, reviewing literature, specifying a purpose, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting results. For quantitative research, it describes experimental, correlational, and survey designs. For qualitative research, it discusses grounded theory, ethnographic, and narrative designs. It also outlines mixed methods designs and action research designs. The document aims to explain different approaches to research methodology and design.
Mixing Methods Tutorial
The document discusses different approaches to mixing qualitative and quantitative research methods, specifically focusing on the concept of triangulation. It outlines some of the debates around combining methods, including arguments that the paradigms are incompatible and integrating them risks ignoring underlying assumptions. The document then describes various types of triangulation and mixed methods strategies, including how and when quantitative and qualitative data and findings can be integrated. Examples of sequential, concurrent and explanatory mixed methods designs are provided.
Assignment 2 Case StudyRead the following articleAgostinho
Assignment 2: Case Study
Read the following article:
Agostinho, S. (2004). Naturalistic inquiry in e-learning research.
International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 4
(1), Article 2. Retrieved Dec. 16, 2005, from
http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/4_1/pdf/agostinho.pdf
Read the article and respond to the following:
Critique the process of data analysis that was conducted in the original research, as described in the journal article.
In the original research upon which this article is based, the researcher indicated that dominant themes were identified, and the themes were clustered into categories. Critique the underlying inductive logic utilized to analyze the data.
Discuss the researcher’s rationale, as described in the journal article, of adopting a naturalistic inquiry paradigm with regard to the process of data collection and analysis.
All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Critique the process of data analysis.10Identified the dominant themes as highlighted in the article.10Critique the underlying inductive logic used to analyze the data.10Discuss the researcher’s rationale of adopting a naturalistic inquiry.10Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate examples, material and references from texts, library, and online resource database (see LIBRARY link on left.).10Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.15
Total:65
*****M6A2 SAMPLE
Case Study Critique
*********M6A2 SAMPLE
Methods and Analysis of Qualitative Research
Introduction
In 2004 Ms. Shirley Agostinho published an article which was titled “Naturalistic inquiry in e-learning research” In this paper the researcher Agostinho (2004) addresses how the naturalistic inquiry paradigm was used in an e-learning research study that looked at the use of the World Wide Web technology in higher education. The purpose of the paper is to review and critique the data analysis process, dominant themes presented, underlying logic and researcher’s rationale for adopting a naturalistic inquiry methodology.
Critiquing the data analysis process
There are numerous approaches for analyzing qualitative data. According to Shilling (2006) content analysis is generally defined as a method of analyzing written, verbal or visual communication messages. Wildemuth and Zhang (2009) isolated eight steps which comprise the process of qualitative content analysis. The following table applies the eight step process to the data reflected in the researchers’ article.
Strengths
Weaknesses and limitations
1). Preparing the data
The researcher collected data through participant observations, interviews, questionnaire and reflexive journal.
Creswell (2009) identifies triangulation as the use of multiple sourc ...
Quantitative Method
This document provides guidance on developing quantitative research methods sections for surveys and experiments. It outlines key components to include such as defining the population and sampling procedure, describing the survey instrumentation and plans for validation, identifying the variables and data analysis steps, and interpreting results. For surveys, it recommends specifying the survey format, population, sampling strategy, validity/reliability of instrumentation, and statistical analysis plan. For experiments, it suggests defining the variables, participants, materials, procedures, measures, pre/post tests, and statistical analyses for hypothesis testing and interpreting findings.
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Mixed methods latest
- 1. MIXED METHODS By, Dr. Johan @ Eddy Luaran
- 2. DEFINITION Mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches by including both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study.
- 3. PURPOSE To build on the synergy and strength that exists between quantitative and qualitative research methods. To understand a phenomenon more fully than is possible using either quantitative or qualitative methods alone.
- 4. “Mixed methods research allows the use of both words and numbers to obtain a better understanding” (Caracelli & Greene, 1993). “Results can be generalized through the use of quantitative data while providing individual voices through the use of qualitative data” (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003). “mixed methods research creates a deeper understanding of research by using the strengths of qualitative and quantitative research to inform both” (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007)
- 5. Deductive approach Concerned with objective reality that is there to be discovered. Establishing cause-effect relationship. Identify hypotheses to test. Inductive approach Focus on interpreting their participants’ perspectives. Describing and understanding relationships. Work with guiding hypothesis and allow specific focus to emerge as a study progresses. CHA R A CTER ISTICS OF QUA NTITA TIVE & QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
- 6. TYPES OF MIXED METHODS RESEARCH DESIGN a) QUAL-quan model b) QUAN-qual model c) QUAN-QUAL model
- 7. a) QUAL - Quan Model Also known as exploratory mixed methods design. Qualitative data are collected first and are more heavily weighted than quantitative data. In the first phase of this model, observation and open-ended interviews with individuals or groups are conducted and concepts and potential hypotheses are identified.
- 8. In the second phase , variables are identified from concepts derived from the qualitative analysis and hypotheses are tested with quantitative techniques. When qualitative methods are dominant, qualitative researchers may decide to include survey, census, and Likert- scale data along with narrative data. The validity of the qualitative results can be enhanced by the quantitative results.
- 9. (b) QUAN-Qual Model Also known as the explanatory mixed methods design. Quantitative data are collected first and are more heavily weighted than qualitative data In the first study or phase, the researcher formulates a hypothesis, collects quantitative data and conducts data analysis.
- 10. The findings of the quantitative study determine the type of data collected in a second study of phase that includes qualitative data collection, analysis and interpretation. The researcher can then use the qualitative analysis and interpretation to help explain or elaborate on the quantitative results.
- 11. (c) QUAN-QUAL Model Also known as the triangulation mixed methods design. In this model, quantitative and qualitative data are equally weighted and are collected concurrently throughout the same study-the data are not collected in separate studies or distinct phases, as in the other 2 methods..
- 12. one of the most difficult aspects of any research endeavor is the analysis of data. Creswell developed a comprehensive overview of mixed methods design data analysis & interpretation procedures (pg 487, Table 19.3) There were some examples of analytic & interpretation procedures of types of mixed methods designs ( triangulation, explanatory & explanatory)
- 13. Example 1. Quantifying qualitative data: Quanlitative data are coded, codes are assigned numbers, and the numbers of times codes appear are recorded as numeric data. Quantitative data are descriptively analyzed for frequency of occurrence. The two data sets are compared. Set of Frequency of Questionnaires Occurrence Interview Codes that counted for frequencies QUAN data collection QUAL data collection QUAN data analysis QUAL Data analysis Compare & Interrelate two QUAN data sets Interpretation QUAN+QUAL
- 14. Example 2. Quantifying quantitative data: Quantitative data from questionnaires are factor-analyzed. These factors then become themes and then are compared with themes analyzed from qualitative data. Observation Identify theme Questionnaires Factor QUAL data collection QUAN data collection QUAN data analysis Compare & Interrelate Data sets QUAL data analysis
- 15. Example 1. Explaining results: Conduct a quantitative survey to identify how or more groups compare on a variables. Follow up with qualitative interviews to explore the reasons why these differences were found Interview QUAN data collection QUAN result qual data analysis qual data collection Interpretation QUAN qual Identify result for follow up QUAN data analysis qual result
- 16. Example 1. Developing an instruments: Obtain themes & specific statements from individuals that support the themes. In the next phrase, use these themes & statements to create scales & items as a questionnaire. Alternatively, look for existing instruments that can be modified to fit the themes & statements found in the qualitative exploratory phase of the study. After developing the instruments, test it out with the sample of population. Develop Instrument Interpretation QUAL quan quan data collection quan result quan data analysis QUAL result QUAL data analysis QUAL data collection
- 17. Characteristics that help to identify a study as having a mixed method design: The study title The data collection section The purpose statement or the research questions The researchers indicates the preference given to qualitative or quantitative data collection The researchers indicates the sequence in which qualitative , quantitative or both types of data were collected The researchers describes how data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative strategies.
- 18. Evaluating a mixed methods study : A mixed method study can be evaluated by answering questions related to ; the use of at least one qualitative & one quantitative research method the rational for using a mixed methods research design the priority & sequence given to qualitative & quantitative data collection The use of qualitative & quantitative research questions and matching data collection techniques The use of appropriate data analysis techniques for mixed designs