Mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of research problems. It involves various design types, including convergent parallel, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and embedded designs, each with distinct data collection and analysis strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of rationale, data collection strategy, and analysis while addressing strengths and weaknesses of mixed methods research.

1. MIXED METHOD
RESEARCH

2. WHAT IS MIXED METHOD RESEARCH?
 Mixed methods research is a procedure for collecting,
analyzing and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative
methods in a single study or a series of studies to
understand a research problem. – Creswell & Plano Clark
(2011)
 The purpose of this form of research is that both
qualitative and quantitative research, in combination,
provide a better understanding of a research problem or
issue than either research approach alone.

3. Mixed
Methods
Design
Qualitative &
Quantitative
Approaches
Qualitative &
Quantitative
Data
Collection
Strategies
Qualitative &
Quantitative
Data
Analysis
Qualitative &
Quantitative
sampling
techniques
Mixed Methods Research Design
Purpose of the
study
Research questions
Research Plan
Logical
description of
how data would
be collected,
and analyzed to
address the
research
question(s)
(Yilmaz, 2013)

4. COLLECTING BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA
Quantitative Data
 Questionnaire
 Survey
 Census
 Attendance
Record
 Checklists
Qualitative Data
Interviews
Observations
FGD
Document Studies
Case-Study
Audio – visual
materials

5. FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING
PERSPECTIVES ON MIXED METHODS
Quantitative Data
Findings
Qualitative Data
Findings
Comparison
Findings

6. A MIXED METHODS RESEARCHER….
 Collects both quantitative and qualitative data
 “Mixes” them
 “Mixes” them at the same time (concurrently) or one
after the other (sequentially)
 Describes the kinds of mixed methods being used

7. Morse’s Notation System
Designated by upper case and lower case letters
QUAL/quan designate a mixed methods study in which
the dominant approach is qualitative, while QUAN/qual
designates the reverse.
If neither approach is dominant (i.e., both are equal), the
notation stipulates QUAL/QUAN.
Sequencing in this system is indicated by the symbols + or
.The arrow designates a sequential approach.

8. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
 Collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative
data
 Mix two forms of data in different ways
 Give priority to one or both forms of data
 Can be in a single study or in multiple phases of a study
 Design can be based on either or both perspectives

9. WHEN DO YOU CONDUCT A MIXED
METHODS STUDY?
When you have both quantitative and qualitative
data.
When one type of research is not enough to explain or
to answer the question.
When you want qualitative research to help explain
quantitative findings.
When you want to generalize findings to a large
population.
When you want to provide alternative perspectives in
a study.

10. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MIXED
METHODS DESIGN?
 The Convergent Parallel Design
 The Explanatory Sequential Design
 The Exploratory Sequential Design
 The Embedded Sequential Design
Four Basic
Design of Mixed
Method Research
The Transformative Design
The Multiphase Design
Complex Design of
Mixed Method Research

11. THE CONVERGENT PARALLEL DESIGN
 The purpose of a convergent parallel mixed method design is to
simultaneously collect both qualitative and quantitative data,
merge the data and use the results to understand a research
problem.
Convergent Parallel Design
Quantitative Data
Collection and Analysis
Qualitative Data
Collection and Analysis
Compare
or relate
Interpretation

12. THE EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL DESIGN
 Characterized by: An explanatory sequential mixed methods
design consists of first collecting quantitative data and then
collecting qualitative data to help explain or elaborate on the
quantitative results.
 Purpose: To use qualitative results to assists the findings of
a quantitative study.
Explanatory Sequential Design
Quantitative
Data Collection
and Analysis
Qualitative Data
Collection and
Analysis
Follow up
with
Interpretation

13. THE EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL DESIGN
CHARACTERISTICS
Data Collection Priority (Quantitative Data)
Sequence (First Quantitative Data)
Use of Data (To Refine, Polish, Elaborate)

14. THE EXPLORATORY SEQUENTIAL DESIGN
 Characterized by: An exploratory sequential mixed method design involves the
procedure of first gathering qualitative data to explore a phenomenon and then
collecting quantitative data to explain relationship found in the qualitative data.
 Purpose: To explore a phenomenon. This strategy may also be useful when
developing and testing a new instrument.
Exploratory Sequential Design
Qualitative Data
Collection and
Analysis
Builds to
Quantitative
Data Collection
and Analysis
Interpretation

15. THE EXPLORATORY SEQUENTIAL DESIGN
CHARACTERISTICS
 Data Collection Priority (Qualitative Data)
 Sequence (First Qualitative Data)
 Use of Data (To Refine, Polish, Elaborate)

16. THE EMBEDDED SEQUENTIAL DESIGN
 Embedded design is the simultaneous collection of
quantitative and qualitative data with one form of
data by supportive to the other. The supportive data
augments the conclusions of the main data
collection.
Quantitative or (Qualitative) Design
Quantitative or (Qualitative) Data
Collection and Analysis
Quantitative or
(Qualitative) Data
Collection and Analysis
(before, during, or after)
Interpretation

17. THE TRANSFORMATIVE DESIGN
 The Transformative mixed method design is use to encase
the design within a transformative framework or lens.
Quantitative
Data Collection
and Analysis
Follow up
with
Qualitative Data
Collection and
Analysis
Interpretation
Transformative Framework

18. THE MULTIPHASE DESIGN
 The Multiphase Design is a complex design that builds on the basic
convergent, explanatory, exploratory and embedded design which
is occur when researchers or a team of researchers examine a
problem or topic through a series of phases or separate studies.
Study 1:
Qualitative
Study 2:
Qualitative
Informs Informs
Study 3:
Mixed
Method
Overall
Program
Objective

19. STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF
CONDUCTING A MIXED
METHOD STUDIES

20. STEP 1 : DETERMINE A MIXED METHOD
STUDY IS FEASIBLE
Research problem
*Content = any topics
*Fit the problem to mixed methods (arguments)
Access to both qualitative and quantitative data
Background and resources

21. STEP 2 : IDENTIFY A RATIONALE FOR A MIXED
METHOD STUDY
Consider why you are collecting both
quantitative and qualitative data
Be explicit in this rationale
Include it early in the research plan or
report

22. STEP 3 : IDENTIFY A DATA COLLECTION STRATEGY
The priority give you choice to quantitative and
qualitative data
The sequence of your data collection, if you do not
plan to collect the data
The specific forms of quantitative data and
qualitative data you will collect

23. STEP 4 : DEVELOP QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE
AND MIXED METHOD QUESTIONS
Identify questions prior to a study or during the
study
Create both exploratory questions and analytic
variable questions
Question will emerge depend on the type of
design

24. STEP 5 : COLLECT QUANTITATIVE
AND
QUALITATIVE DATA
The sequence of data collection will
depend on the type of design
In all design the presentation of data or
information will be organized

25. STEP 6 : ANALYZE DATA SEPARATELY OR
CONCURRENTLY
Data analyze mainly related to the specific
type of design being used
Analyze data (qualitative and quantitative)
separately, concurrently or both

26. STEP 7 : WRITE A REPORT AS ONE OR
TWO PHASE STUDY
The report is written in two phase
The report integrates the quantitative
and qualitative phases or the study in
each section

27. WHAT ARE SOME STRENGHTS?
Can be easy to describe and to report
Can be useful when unexpected results
arise from a prior study
Can help to generalize qualitative data
Helpful in designing and validating an
instrument
Can position research in a transformative

28. WHAT ARE SOME WEAKNESSES?
Time required
Discrepancies between different types of data
Can be difficult to decide when to proceed in
sequential designs
Little guidance on transformative methods

29. ACTIVITY TIME!

30. L2 - ACTIVITY 1:
In a long bond paper, create a
fishbone analysis on your previous
paper in ‘practical research’.
Deadline: April 1, 2024

31. L1 - ACTIVITY 1:
In a long bond paper, create a research article
analysis based on the link in the comment
section. Follow the PROPER format I gave
you. On april 1, you will present it individually
at the faculty office and I will ask questions.
Deadline: April 1, 2024

32. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!