This document introduces the concept of mise-en-scène in film analysis. It defines mise-en-scène as the visual elements arranged before the camera that communicate information to the audience. It then describes the six key elements of mise-en-scène: settings, props, costumes/hair/makeup, performance/facial expressions/body language, positioning of characters/objects in the frame, and lighting/color. Examples are provided for each element to illustrate how they convey meaning and influence the audience's perceptions. The document concludes by asking the reader to analyze a short film clip using these mise-en-scène concepts.

1. AS Media Studies Introduction to Media Language: Mise En Scène

2. Session Aims By the end of the session you will be able to: Describe the concept of ‘mise en scene’ Use correct media terminology when discussing mise en scene Apply the concept to a film extract

3. Definition: Mise En Scene A French term meaning what is put into a scene or frame Visual information in front of the camera Communicates essential information to the audience Made up of 6 elements: Can you guess what they are?

4. The 6 Elements of Mise en Scene Settings Props Costume, hair & make up Performance, facial expressions, body language. Positioning and movement of characters/objects within the frame Lighting & colour Each aspect of mise-en-scene has hidden meanings within a film and sends signals to the audience about how we are supposed to feel at a certain point

5. 1. Settings Settings & Locations play an important part in film-making and are not just ‘backgrounds’. Settings can manipulate an audience by building certain expectations (these expectations can then be played with!). TASK: What settings might you find in: A Science Fiction Film? A Romantic Comedy? A Horror Film? A Western Film?

6. 2. Props Props build on the setting to create a believable ‘world’. Props can be used to establish character. Props can be used as symbols to connote additional meanings over and above their material presence. ‘ At their simplest, props work to give an authentic sense of place, but can also be used in more complex ways to suggest important characteristics of particular individuals or even key themes for the whole film.’ (Benyahia, Gaffney & White, 2006)

7. Devdas (Samanta, 2002) Strong flame = Strong character presence/full of life Shaky flame = problems with character relationships/health Dim flame/going out = Character leaving/dying

8. 3. Costume, Hair & Make Up Costume, Hair & Make Up act as an instant indicator of a character’s personality, status & job. It can tell us immediately whether the film is set in the present and what society or culture it will centre around. Certain costumes can signify certain individuals (i.e. black cloak of a vampire, Spidey’s Spiderman suit) Costumes are used to show difference or similarity between characters, changes in an individual’s character or mood as the film progresses and whether or not they fit in with the setting.

9. Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996)

10. 4. Facial Expressions & Body Language Facial Expressions provide a clear indicator of how someone is feeling. If someone is smiling broadly, we assume they are happy but we may get a different feeling if this is accompanied by scary music. Body Language may also indicate how a character feels towards another character or may reflect the state of their relationship TASK: What meanings/emotions do the following images convey:

11. IMAGE 1

12. IMAGE 2

13. 5. Positioning of Characters & Objects within a frame Positioning within a frame can draw our attention to an important character/object A film-maker can use positioning to indicate relationships between people TASK: What does the positioning in the following images reveal about the characters/film?

17. Lighting & Colour Lighting & Colour can be used to achieve a variety of effects: To highlight important characters or objects within the frame To make characters look mysterious by shading sections of the face & body To reflect a characters mental state/hidden emotions (i.e. bright = happy, dark = disturbed, strobe effect = confused

18. Types of Lighting LOW KEY LIGHTING: Created by using only the key & back lights Produces sharp contrasts of light and dark areas Deep, distinct shadows/silhouettes are formed Example: Horror Films

19. Types of Lighting HIGH KEY LIGHTING: More filler lights are used. Lighting is natural and realistic to our eyes Produces brightly lit sets or a sunny day (right) Example: Rom-Coms

20. What types of lighting are used in the following images: A F D C E B

21. Red hue Mean Streets (Scorsese, 1973)

22. I, Robot (Proyas, 2004) Terminator Salvation (McG, 2009)

23. Mise En Scene Analysis Now, watch the following short clip and think about the elements we have discussed… Settings Props Costume, Hair & Make Up Performance, Facial Expressions & Body Language Positioning and movement of characters/objects within the frame Lighting & colour

24. 10 Things I Hate About You (Gil Junger, 1999) http://estream.reigate.ac.uk/View.aspx?ID=1217