This document discusses future sustainable and intelligent electrical energy systems. It describes the transition towards renewable energy sources and smart grids to improve efficiency and integrate renewable technologies. The key drivers of this energy transition include EU climate targets for 2020 and the 2015 Paris agreement. Research at TU Delft's Electrical Sustainable Energy department takes a multi-disciplinary approach across technical, economic and social aspects to help develop future sustainable electricity systems.

1. 1
Future sustainable and intelligent
electrical energy systems
Miro Zeman
Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy
Delft University of Technology

2. Past and future of TU Delft electrical energy engineering
http://www.ewi.tudelft.nl/actueel/110-jaar-electrical-engineering/e-book-spanning-sensatie/
Vision of Electrical Sustainable Energy department @TU Delft
2015

3. Future Electrical Energy System
Global developments in energy systems
 Energy transition towards sustainable energy
 Large-scale implementation of renewable energy sources
 Energy efficiency and savings
Smart grids
 Improve power system efficiency, reliability, stability, resilience
 Cope with necessary flexibility caused by emerging new technologies
and components:
 Facilitate integration of electricity from renewable energy sources
 Exploit potential of electric cars and storage
 Reduce electricity use
 Integrate energy carriers in an intelligent hybrid energy system
Global drivers and challenges

4. http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/package/index_en.htm
The climate and energy package is a set of binding legislation
which aims to ensure the European Union meets its ambitious
climate and energy targets for 2020.
These targets, known as the "20-20-20" targets, set three key
objectives for 2020:
 20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels;
 Raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable
resources to 20%;
 A 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency.
Energy transition
EU Climate and energy targets for 2020 (March 2007)

5. Energy transition
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/future/index_en.htm
At the Paris climate conference (COP21) in December 2015, 195
countries adopted the first-ever universal, legally binding global
climate deal.
The agreement sets out a global action plan to put the world on track to avoid dangerous
climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C. The agreement is due to enter
into force in 2020.
Key elements:
 Mitigation of climate change: reducing emissions;
 Transparency in execution and global stocktake ;
 Adaptation to the impacts;
 Loss and damage by climate change;
 Support
Paris Global climate action (December 2015)

6. Source: Global Energy Assessment, 2012, http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Research/ENE/GEA/index.htmlE (exa)=1018
CCS Carbon Capture & Storage
Energy transition
2016
Global energy transition scenario: Towards sustainable energy

7. Global electricity consumption development
Source: IEA 2008, EC 2011 data.html
2006
20%
30%
40%
2015 2030 2050
17%
21%
39%
16%
10%
Data centers
Data centersLighting
Lighting
Electric cars
Share of electricity in total energy consumption

8. Demand follows supply
Future Electrical Energy System: ESE vision
Energy system and society
Smart energy management
Physical system
Source: Spanning & Sensatie: 110 jaar Delftse Elektrische Energietechniek, TU Delft 2015

9. Future Electrical Energy System
1. Physical system
 Design of electrical system: transmission & distribution engineering,
power system control & protection, microgrids
 New technologies, components and automation functions:
electricity generation and conversion, storage, power electronics, automatic
controls, HV(DC/AC) components, DC systems
2. Smart Energy Management
 Use full potential of ICT as enabling technology for energy
3. Energy System and Society
 Markets en policy (markets, economics and public policy)
 User behavior, security and privacy
Cooperation based on multi-disciplinary approach: 3TU, NERA

10. Renewable energy use in Europe
Share of energy from renewable energy sources in gross final
energy consumption in 2012 and 2013 and national targets in 2020
The state of renewable energies in Europe, Edition 2014, 14th EurObserv’ER Report
http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/barobilan/barobilan14_EN.pdf
2012
2013
2020 target

11. Renewable energy use in Europe
The state of renewable energies in Europe, Edition 2014, 14th EurObserv’ER Report
http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/barobilan/barobilan14_EN.pdf
Netherlands
Germany
Denmark
Sweden
2012
2013
2020 target

12. Installed wind energy capacity in Netherlands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_by_country
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Installed Wind in Netherlands
MWpTUD DUWind program: research on future of the wind energy
Global cumulative installed wind power in 2014: 369,6 GW
2,8 GW 0,7 %

13. Installed PV capacity in Netherlands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy_in_the_European_Union
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Installed PV in Netherlands
MWp
Global cumulative installed PV power in 2014: 173,4 GW
1,1 GW 0,6 %

14. Socio-technical system of
prosumers
• optimize economical operation
• optimize environmental effects
• provide consumers with choice options
Energy management
• ensure reliability of supply
• ensure security of supply
• reconfigure to maintain QoS
Physical power system
• generate/distribute/store/use
• improve systems operations
• reduce environmental impact
PowerWeb program TU Delft
QoS Quality of service
Towards the smart energy grid of future
http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/

15. Socio-technical system of
prosumers
• optimize economical operation
• optimize environmental effects
• provide consumers with choice options
Energy management
• ensure reliability of supply
• ensure security of supply
• reconfigure to maintain QoS
Physical power system
• generate/distribute/store/use
• improve systems operations
• reduce environmental impact
PowerWeb program TU Delft
QoS Quality of service
Towards the smart energy grid of future
http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/
policy analysis
computer
science
mathematics
electrical
engineering
control
engineering

16. PowerWeb program TU Delft
Towards Smart grids: Integrating Ideas, People, Programs
Partners: TUD (EEMCS, TPM, IDE, 3ME, AS), CWI, Alliander, TenneT
20 research projects
Multidisciplinary approach:
 Electrical engineering
(network stability, efficiency, control, supply/demand balancing, power
processing, management, devices)
 Computer science
(data collection and processing)
 Economics and business science
(services, control, management, business models)
 Law and society
(regulation, privacy, reliability, prices, fairness)
http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/

17. Local electricity generation and use
 PV electricity combined with storage and
charging of electric vehicles
 Partners: TUD, ABB, PRE (Breda)
Electric vehicles as storage
 Contactless charging combined with solar
roads
 Partners: TUD, TNO
Local (DC) grids with high efficiency
 DC system on LV level, DC transformer, cellular
smart grid platform
 Partners: TUD, TUe, DNV-GL, ABB Duitsland
Examples of running projects
PowerWeb program TU Delft

18. Potential of PV in built environment in NL
Het potentieel van zonnestroom in de gebouwde omgeving in Nederland, PBL &DNV-GL, 2014
Available area in NL: ~ 400 km2
PV technology efficiency: 16%
Annual PV module yield: 123 kWh/m2
Annual yield PV system: 770 kWh/kWp
Possible installed PV capacity: ~ 65 GWp
Generated electricity: ~ 50 TWh/y = demand of buildings
(50 TWh/y = ~ 50% NL electricity consumption)
Imbalance between generation and demand:
 local conditions (weather, population), seasonal changes (winter/summer)
 capacity problems of the grid
Measures:
 Curtailment, demand response, control power, grid reinforcement
 Storage (batteries, large-scale -> power-to-gas)
 Smart grid

19. Cost PV electricity production (CPV)
J. Werner, Int. Symp. on Innovative Solar Cells, Tokyo, 2014 (Un of Stuttgart)
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
T€
= 2000 €/kWp
1000 €/kWp
1500 €/kWp
electricityprod.costCPV
[€/kWh]
annual energy yield Eann
[kWh/(kWp
a)]
500 €/kWp n = 20 years
i = 6 %
K
E
T
C
ann
PV
€

n
i
i
K 


)1(1
8-12 ct
5-7 ct
4-6 ct
Germany,Japan
Cyprus
SouthAfrica
Electricity Cost CPV [€/kWh]
Total investment T€ [€/kWp]
Annual Yield E ann [kWh/(kWp×a)]
Annuity K
Years n
Interest Rate i

20. Conclusion: University research contribution
Create:
Sustainable business opportunities
Deliver:
Reliable, affordable and sustainable electricity
everywhere and for everyone
What do we stand for: