Minoan Lecture Companion
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The Minoans were an ancient civilization that flourished on the island of Crete during the Bronze Age. They built elaborate palaces like Knossos with advanced features such as water pipes. Minoan society had a priest-king and was influenced by bull imagery. The Minoan civilization came to an end around 1450 BC possibly due to a volcanic eruption or invasion by Mycenaeans from mainland Greece.
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Minoans
The Minoan civilization began around 2800 BCE on the island of Crete, centered around the city of Knossos. The Minoans were seafarers who built fast ships to trade olive and grapes throughout the Mediterranean. Their advanced civilization featured palaces with running water, toilets, and heated rooms. The Minoan civilization declined around 1450 BCE, possibly due to a large tsunami or being overtaken by the Mycenaeans.
Knossos minoans
The document provides information about Crete and the ancient site of Knossos from the Stone Age through Minoan times. It discusses evidence that the first settlers arrived in Crete from Asia Minor around 7000 BC and established an early settlement at Knossos. Archaeological finds at Knossos include remains of Neolithic houses, tools, pottery, and figurines. The document also summarizes debates around interpreting the function and leadership at Knossos, with some arguing it was a palace, necropolis, or temple complex, and debates around whether Minoan society was peaceful or aggressive.
Minoans And Mycenaeans
The Minoans established an advanced civilization on Crete, with a large palace complex at Knossos featuring an intricate labyrinth and legendary Minotaur. Their naval power and trade declined around 1400 BC as the Mycenaeans rose on mainland Greece. The Mycenaeans went to war with Troy and their story was later told by Homer in The Iliad, describing how the Greeks defeated Troy using a large hollow wooden horse. Both civilizations eventually declined, ushering in a Dark Age of wandering and loss of skills before the Greeks re-emerged and established independent city-states, adopting the name Hellenes.
Corfu
Corfu is the second largest of the Ionian Islands located in the Ionian Sea off the northwest coast of Greece. It has been inhabited for over 3,000 years and features many historic sites from antiquity and the Byzantine era, as well as fortresses from its time under Venetian rule. Some of Corfu's most notable locations include the UNESCO World Heritage site of the Old Town known as the City of Castles due to its two large Venetian fortresses, the historic Old Castle fortress, numerous churches, and beaches along the coastline.
Egypt
Ancient Egyptians cultivated cotton and used it to create fine textiles for clothing thousands of years ago. Cotton fabrics found in Egyptian and Peruvian tombs from prehistoric times show the skill of weaving and dyeing cotton in ancient cultures of Egypt, India, China, and pre-Inca civilizations in Peru and Mexico. Arab traders introduced cotton cultivation and textile production to parts of Europe in the Middle Ages.
Greece
Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 7,000 years and became rich due to valuable resources like silver, lead, and marble. It was a beautiful and busy city where people came from all over Greece and other countries to study and trade. Athens' most famous building was the Parthenon temple located on the Acropolis hill housing a statue of the goddess Athena.
Olympia was first settled around the 3rd millennium BC and hosted the first Olympic games in 776 BC as a peace treaty between city-states. It grew to include participants from all Greek states under a truce lasting three months each summer, allowing leaders to meet unarmed and facilitating trade and politics.
The original Olympic
Minoans
The Minoans emerged on Crete around 2100 BCE and established dominance over Crete and the eastern Mediterranean until their culture reached its height around 1500 BCE. They built elaborate palaces like the one at Knossos that featured running water, multiple stories, bathrooms, and gardens but no walls. Sir Arthur Evans began excavating Knossos in 1905 and uncovered its grand staircase and throne room. Minoan society was based around palace centers that collected tribute and traded goods. Their sophisticated culture enjoyed painting, dancing, and unusual sports like bull leaping before it began collapsing around 1450 BCE due possibly to invasion from Mycenaean Greeks or a large volcanic eruption on the island of Thera.
Crete
Crete is the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea, with a population of over 623,000. It was home to the ancient Minoan civilization between 2600-1100 BC, considered Europe's earliest civilization. The Minoans developed the first city in Europe called Knossos, which became the political and cultural center of their advanced society known for its olive oil production and trade.
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Minoans
The Minoan civilization began around 2800 BCE on the island of Crete, centered around the city of Knossos. The Minoans were seafarers who built fast ships to trade olive and grapes throughout the Mediterranean. Their advanced civilization featured palaces with running water, toilets, and heated rooms. The Minoan civilization declined around 1450 BCE, possibly due to a large tsunami or being overtaken by the Mycenaeans.
Knossos minoans
The document provides information about Crete and the ancient site of Knossos from the Stone Age through Minoan times. It discusses evidence that the first settlers arrived in Crete from Asia Minor around 7000 BC and established an early settlement at Knossos. Archaeological finds at Knossos include remains of Neolithic houses, tools, pottery, and figurines. The document also summarizes debates around interpreting the function and leadership at Knossos, with some arguing it was a palace, necropolis, or temple complex, and debates around whether Minoan society was peaceful or aggressive.
Minoans And Mycenaeans
The Minoans established an advanced civilization on Crete, with a large palace complex at Knossos featuring an intricate labyrinth and legendary Minotaur. Their naval power and trade declined around 1400 BC as the Mycenaeans rose on mainland Greece. The Mycenaeans went to war with Troy and their story was later told by Homer in The Iliad, describing how the Greeks defeated Troy using a large hollow wooden horse. Both civilizations eventually declined, ushering in a Dark Age of wandering and loss of skills before the Greeks re-emerged and established independent city-states, adopting the name Hellenes.
Corfu
Corfu is the second largest of the Ionian Islands located in the Ionian Sea off the northwest coast of Greece. It has been inhabited for over 3,000 years and features many historic sites from antiquity and the Byzantine era, as well as fortresses from its time under Venetian rule. Some of Corfu's most notable locations include the UNESCO World Heritage site of the Old Town known as the City of Castles due to its two large Venetian fortresses, the historic Old Castle fortress, numerous churches, and beaches along the coastline.
Egypt
Ancient Egyptians cultivated cotton and used it to create fine textiles for clothing thousands of years ago. Cotton fabrics found in Egyptian and Peruvian tombs from prehistoric times show the skill of weaving and dyeing cotton in ancient cultures of Egypt, India, China, and pre-Inca civilizations in Peru and Mexico. Arab traders introduced cotton cultivation and textile production to parts of Europe in the Middle Ages.
Greece
Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 7,000 years and became rich due to valuable resources like silver, lead, and marble. It was a beautiful and busy city where people came from all over Greece and other countries to study and trade. Athens' most famous building was the Parthenon temple located on the Acropolis hill housing a statue of the goddess Athena.
Olympia was first settled around the 3rd millennium BC and hosted the first Olympic games in 776 BC as a peace treaty between city-states. It grew to include participants from all Greek states under a truce lasting three months each summer, allowing leaders to meet unarmed and facilitating trade and politics.
The original Olympic
Minoans
The Minoans emerged on Crete around 2100 BCE and established dominance over Crete and the eastern Mediterranean until their culture reached its height around 1500 BCE. They built elaborate palaces like the one at Knossos that featured running water, multiple stories, bathrooms, and gardens but no walls. Sir Arthur Evans began excavating Knossos in 1905 and uncovered its grand staircase and throne room. Minoan society was based around palace centers that collected tribute and traded goods. Their sophisticated culture enjoyed painting, dancing, and unusual sports like bull leaping before it began collapsing around 1450 BCE due possibly to invasion from Mycenaean Greeks or a large volcanic eruption on the island of Thera.
Crete
Crete is the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea, with a population of over 623,000. It was home to the ancient Minoan civilization between 2600-1100 BC, considered Europe's earliest civilization. The Minoans developed the first city in Europe called Knossos, which became the political and cultural center of their advanced society known for its olive oil production and trade.
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Roman
The Roman Civilization developed along the Tiber River in Italy, beginning as villages that united in the 8th century BC to form the city of Rome. Rome transitioned from a kingdom ruled by elected kings, to a republic led by officials like Julius Caesar, to a vast empire under emperors like Augustus. At its height, Rome was the largest city in the world, with citizens divided into classes and slaves. The Romans built temples, amphitheaters like the Colosseum, and advanced infrastructure, while Latin was the official language and togas displayed social status.
History of money and banking
Banking originated in ancient Mesopotamia in 2000 BC as grain merchants and farmers transported goods between cities, which led to the development of early trade. In ancient Greece and Rome, temples began lending and accepting deposits, contributing to the innovations of deposit-taking and money lending. Modern banking emerged in medieval and Renaissance Italy during the 7th century in wealthy northern cities like Florence, Venice, and Genoa. Coins were first produced in Assyria and later spread to ancient Greece and Rome, becoming a reliable means of exchange and fueling trade. Paper money was later invented in China, and banking has since evolved continuously to use newer systems.
Minoans
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete from around 2000 BCE to 1450 BCE. They had a prosperous trade-based economy and built magnificent palaces, the largest being at Knossos. The Minoans declined around 1450 BCE, possibly due to invasion from the mainland Mycenaean civilization or due to a massive volcanic eruption on the island of Thera.
The Minoans of Ancient Crete
The Minoans were the first Greek civilization that developed around 4000 years ago on the island of Crete. The largest and most important site from this civilization is the Bronze Age palace at Knossos, the capital of Crete. Built in 2000 BCE, the palace at Knossos housed the king and served as the center of government, business, and religious life for the Minoans according to excavations. While Greek mythology associates the palace with King Minos and the Minotaur, archaeologists found no evidence of an actual labyrinth and the legends were likely based on caves near the palace. The Minoan civilization and its palace were ultimately destroyed by mainland Greeks around 3400 years ago.
Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete between approximately 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE. They developed an advanced, centralized society with large palaces that administered outlying towns and villages. Minoan art, architecture, and technology were highly advanced for the Bronze Age. The Minoan civilization declined rapidly around 1500 BCE, possibly due to the eruption of the Thera volcano and an invasion by the Mycenaeans.
Banking history
This document provides a history of banking and discusses the evolution of money and early banking practices. It traces the development of banking from ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and India where temples functioned as early banks by accepting deposits and lending money, to medieval Italian banks, to the establishment of modern banking systems and practices. Key developments discussed include the introduction of paper money in China, the establishment of some of the earliest modern banks in Italian city-states, and the origins of representative money and paper banknotes in Europe.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Minoan and Phoenician civilizations, including their achievements and roles as seafaring traders. The Minoans established the capital city of Knossos on Crete and engaged in bull leaping and pottery making. The Phoenicians established city-states and trading colonies around the Mediterranean and developed the first alphabet, which had far-reaching consequences. Both civilizations participated in Mediterranean trade, exchanging goods and ideas.
Greek Geography
The geography of Greece shaped Greek life. As a peninsula surrounded by water on three sides, Greece had many natural harbors. It was difficult to travel overland due to mountains, but the sea allowed Greeks to become skilled sailors and traders who established colonies around the Mediterranean. Two early civilizations, the Minoans and Mycenaeans, influenced Greek culture. The Minoans traded extensively by sea from their base on Crete, while the Mycenaeans built fortresses on the mainland and aggressively expanded their territory through attacks. Both civilizations declined around 1200 BC, plunging Greece into a dark age.
Unit 7: Mesopotamia
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Mesopotamian civilization between 4000-500 BC. It describes how the first city-states emerged in Sumer in southern Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BC, including Ur, Uruk, Lagash, and Eridu. It outlines the historical phases of Mesopotamian empires and discusses important contributions like cuneiform writing, codes of law, irrigation systems, and architectural innovations like the arch, vault and ziggurat temples. Mesopotamia played a foundational role in the development of science, religion, and culture.
Minoans and phoenicians
The Minoans dominated trade in the Mediterranean Sea from 2000-1400 BC and lived on the island of Crete. They had an advanced and thriving capital city of Knossos with no fortifications. The Minoans traded their high quality pottery and their culture spread throughout the area, influencing future Greeks. Their civilization ended around 1200 BC possibly due to natural disasters. After 1100 BC, the Phoenicians came to dominate Mediterranean trade from their cities in present-day Lebanon. They developed the first alphabet which was adopted by the Greeks and provides the basis for the English alphabet today.
English task description about venice city
Venice is a famous city in Italy that has gained popularity because it is rich in history and offers many attractions for visitors. It was established over 2000 years ago when people fled Roman cities due to barbarian invasions. By 800-1100 AD, Venice became more centralized and developed into a city-state that traded freely. As it grew, Venice became a prominent player in sea trade, facing threats from pirates who disrupted shipments. To address this, Venice moved its operations to the eastern shores. Canals define the city and provide its main transportation. Visiting Venice offers a rich experience of history and culture through floating in its canals.
WH Minoans
The Minoans lived on the island of Crete from around 2000-1400 BC. As a seafaring people, they relied heavily on trade since local agriculture could not sustain their population. They exported fine pottery and spread their unique architecture, art, and religious practices throughout the Mediterranean, acting as a "stepping stone" for cultural exchange. Minoan society was possibly matriarchal, as evidenced by frescoes depicting women in positions of power and authority equal to men. Their capital of Knossos was ruled by King Minos and was notable for lacking fortifications. The Minoan civilization ultimately declined after a major volcanic eruption destroyed their navy and trade networks, leaving them vulnerable to invasion by the
2,500 bc
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History of-cyprus
The document summarizes the history of Cyprus from the earliest inhabitants over 12,000 years ago to modern times. It describes how Cyprus progressed from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age with inhabitants mining copper on the island. Various foreign rulers then governed Cyprus, including Greeks, Phoenicians, Egyptians, and Persians. Cyprus became part of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC. After a period of Arab rule, the island was ruled by the French Lusignan dynasty until the Ottoman conquest in 1570. Cyprus then came under British control in 1878 until gaining independence in 1960. The document outlines this long historical timeline of Cyprus in detail.
Mesopotamian Geography
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Hunter-gatherers first settled there around 12,000 years ago and began farming crops like wheat and barley. Farmers developed irrigation systems like canals to control floods and access water for their crops. This led to large surpluses and the rise of cities between 4000-3000 BC as populations grew and society became more complex with divisions of labor.
Greece part 1
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Rise of Sumerian City States
The Sumerian city-states of Mesopotamia emerged around 3500 BCE as people came together to solve shared problems of food shortage, uncontrolled water supply, building irrigation systems, and attacks from neighbors. Each city grew to function independently with its own ruler, farmlands, and irrigation systems. Their solutions led to the rise of complex, walled cities and the establishment of one of the world's first civilizations in Sumer.
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The Ancient Greeks lived in independent city-states across mountainous and island regions, separated by difficult terrain. While this isolation led to separate political identities, they shared a common language and religion. The sea played an important role in their trade, military, and culture due to the rugged interior landscape. The Mediterranean climate and outdoor lifestyle fostered civic participation and intellectual pursuits among citizens.
Peloponnesian Wars
Growing tensions between Athens and Sparta led to the Peloponnesian War. Athens had formed an alliance known as the Delian League to dominate trading routes, growing powerful under the leadership of Pericles. As Athens took control of the league and demanded tribute, tensions increased with Sparta and member states. The war was bitterly fought for decades until Athens was defeated by a disastrous plague, a failed expedition to Sicily, and Persian support of Sparta's navy. Both city-states were weakened, allowing Thebes to gain dominance over Greece for several decades until the rise of Philip II of Macedon.
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Roman
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History of money and banking
Banking originated in ancient Mesopotamia in 2000 BC as grain merchants and farmers transported goods between cities, which led to the development of early trade. In ancient Greece and Rome, temples began lending and accepting deposits, contributing to the innovations of deposit-taking and money lending. Modern banking emerged in medieval and Renaissance Italy during the 7th century in wealthy northern cities like Florence, Venice, and Genoa. Coins were first produced in Assyria and later spread to ancient Greece and Rome, becoming a reliable means of exchange and fueling trade. Paper money was later invented in China, and banking has since evolved continuously to use newer systems.
Minoans
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete from around 2000 BCE to 1450 BCE. They had a prosperous trade-based economy and built magnificent palaces, the largest being at Knossos. The Minoans declined around 1450 BCE, possibly due to invasion from the mainland Mycenaean civilization or due to a massive volcanic eruption on the island of Thera.
The Minoans of Ancient Crete
The Minoans were the first Greek civilization that developed around 4000 years ago on the island of Crete. The largest and most important site from this civilization is the Bronze Age palace at Knossos, the capital of Crete. Built in 2000 BCE, the palace at Knossos housed the king and served as the center of government, business, and religious life for the Minoans according to excavations. While Greek mythology associates the palace with King Minos and the Minotaur, archaeologists found no evidence of an actual labyrinth and the legends were likely based on caves near the palace. The Minoan civilization and its palace were ultimately destroyed by mainland Greeks around 3400 years ago.
Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete between approximately 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE. They developed an advanced, centralized society with large palaces that administered outlying towns and villages. Minoan art, architecture, and technology were highly advanced for the Bronze Age. The Minoan civilization declined rapidly around 1500 BCE, possibly due to the eruption of the Thera volcano and an invasion by the Mycenaeans.
Banking history
This document provides a history of banking and discusses the evolution of money and early banking practices. It traces the development of banking from ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and India where temples functioned as early banks by accepting deposits and lending money, to medieval Italian banks, to the establishment of modern banking systems and practices. Key developments discussed include the introduction of paper money in China, the establishment of some of the earliest modern banks in Italian city-states, and the origins of representative money and paper banknotes in Europe.
Abbey ancient egypt-timeline-1
The document provides a timeline of important events and developments in ancient Egypt from 5000 BC to 1900 AD. It describes how settlements first began along the Nile River around 5000 BC, the building of the first stone pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser at Saqqara around 2700 BC, and Ramesses II's long rule from 1279 BC to 1213 BC during which he erected many temples and statues. It also mentions Ptolemy I gaining control of Egypt after Alexander the Great's death in 323 BC, starting the Ptolemaic period, and the construction of the Aswan High Dam in the 1960s to control flooding and create Lake Nasser.
Top 10 ancient civilizations of world
This document summarizes 10 ancient civilizations from around the world, including the Mesopotamian, Indus Valley, Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, Nubian, Maya, Hittite, Olmec, and Chivain civilizations. For each civilization, it provides the time period, location, and highlights some of their major achievements such as developing writing systems, building cities and infrastructure projects, advances in science and technology, and architectural accomplishments including temples and pyramids.
Soc st. seafering traders ch3 3 assessment
The document summarizes key aspects of the Minoan and Phoenician civilizations, including their achievements and roles as seafaring traders. The Minoans established the capital city of Knossos on Crete and engaged in bull leaping and pottery making. The Phoenicians established city-states and trading colonies around the Mediterranean and developed the first alphabet, which had far-reaching consequences. Both civilizations participated in Mediterranean trade, exchanging goods and ideas.
Greek Geography
The geography of Greece shaped Greek life. As a peninsula surrounded by water on three sides, Greece had many natural harbors. It was difficult to travel overland due to mountains, but the sea allowed Greeks to become skilled sailors and traders who established colonies around the Mediterranean. Two early civilizations, the Minoans and Mycenaeans, influenced Greek culture. The Minoans traded extensively by sea from their base on Crete, while the Mycenaeans built fortresses on the mainland and aggressively expanded their territory through attacks. Both civilizations declined around 1200 BC, plunging Greece into a dark age.
Unit 7: Mesopotamia
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Mesopotamian civilization between 4000-500 BC. It describes how the first city-states emerged in Sumer in southern Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BC, including Ur, Uruk, Lagash, and Eridu. It outlines the historical phases of Mesopotamian empires and discusses important contributions like cuneiform writing, codes of law, irrigation systems, and architectural innovations like the arch, vault and ziggurat temples. Mesopotamia played a foundational role in the development of science, religion, and culture.
Minoans and phoenicians
The Minoans dominated trade in the Mediterranean Sea from 2000-1400 BC and lived on the island of Crete. They had an advanced and thriving capital city of Knossos with no fortifications. The Minoans traded their high quality pottery and their culture spread throughout the area, influencing future Greeks. Their civilization ended around 1200 BC possibly due to natural disasters. After 1100 BC, the Phoenicians came to dominate Mediterranean trade from their cities in present-day Lebanon. They developed the first alphabet which was adopted by the Greeks and provides the basis for the English alphabet today.
English task description about venice city
Venice is a famous city in Italy that has gained popularity because it is rich in history and offers many attractions for visitors. It was established over 2000 years ago when people fled Roman cities due to barbarian invasions. By 800-1100 AD, Venice became more centralized and developed into a city-state that traded freely. As it grew, Venice became a prominent player in sea trade, facing threats from pirates who disrupted shipments. To address this, Venice moved its operations to the eastern shores. Canals define the city and provide its main transportation. Visiting Venice offers a rich experience of history and culture through floating in its canals.
WH Minoans
The Minoans lived on the island of Crete from around 2000-1400 BC. As a seafaring people, they relied heavily on trade since local agriculture could not sustain their population. They exported fine pottery and spread their unique architecture, art, and religious practices throughout the Mediterranean, acting as a "stepping stone" for cultural exchange. Minoan society was possibly matriarchal, as evidenced by frescoes depicting women in positions of power and authority equal to men. Their capital of Knossos was ruled by King Minos and was notable for lacking fortifications. The Minoan civilization ultimately declined after a major volcanic eruption destroyed their navy and trade networks, leaving them vulnerable to invasion by the
2,500 bc
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History of-cyprus
The document summarizes the history of Cyprus from the earliest inhabitants over 12,000 years ago to modern times. It describes how Cyprus progressed from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age with inhabitants mining copper on the island. Various foreign rulers then governed Cyprus, including Greeks, Phoenicians, Egyptians, and Persians. Cyprus became part of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC. After a period of Arab rule, the island was ruled by the French Lusignan dynasty until the Ottoman conquest in 1570. Cyprus then came under British control in 1878 until gaining independence in 1960. The document outlines this long historical timeline of Cyprus in detail.
Mesopotamian Geography
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Hunter-gatherers first settled there around 12,000 years ago and began farming crops like wheat and barley. Farmers developed irrigation systems like canals to control floods and access water for their crops. This led to large surpluses and the rise of cities between 4000-3000 BC as populations grew and society became more complex with divisions of labor.
Greece part 1
This document summarizes the major periods of ancient Greek civilization and the geographic features and effects on ancient Greece. It discusses three periods: the Early Civilizations of the Minoans and Mycenaeans, Classical Greece dominated by Sparta and Athens, and the Hellenistic Age under Alexander the Great and his empire. It then describes Greece's geography which heavily influenced its seafaring culture and city-state system, as well as the key crops, resources, and myths that developed.
Rise of Sumerian City States
The Sumerian city-states of Mesopotamia emerged around 3500 BCE as people came together to solve shared problems of food shortage, uncontrolled water supply, building irrigation systems, and attacks from neighbors. Each city grew to function independently with its own ruler, farmlands, and irrigation systems. Their solutions led to the rise of complex, walled cities and the establishment of one of the world's first civilizations in Sumer.
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Ancient Greece Intro
The Ancient Greeks lived in independent city-states across mountainous and island regions, separated by difficult terrain. While this isolation led to separate political identities, they shared a common language and religion. The sea played an important role in their trade, military, and culture due to the rugged interior landscape. The Mediterranean climate and outdoor lifestyle fostered civic participation and intellectual pursuits among citizens.
Peloponnesian Wars
Growing tensions between Athens and Sparta led to the Peloponnesian War. Athens had formed an alliance known as the Delian League to dominate trading routes, growing powerful under the leadership of Pericles. As Athens took control of the league and demanded tribute, tensions increased with Sparta and member states. The war was bitterly fought for decades until Athens was defeated by a disastrous plague, a failed expedition to Sicily, and Persian support of Sparta's navy. Both city-states were weakened, allowing Thebes to gain dominance over Greece for several decades until the rise of Philip II of Macedon.
Early Government of Athens
The document outlines the development of democracy in Athens from the 7th century BC onwards. It began as a city-state controlled by nobles, causing resentment from commoners. Draco established a legal code in 621 BC to address this, but it was too harsh. Solon reformed the laws in 594 BC, abolishing debt slavery and extending some rights. Cleisthenes further empowered the assembly of citizens in 508 BC. Under Pericles in the 5th century BC, Athenian democracy was fully formed, with leadership chosen by lot from the Council of 500 rather than by birth.
The Persian Wars
The Persian Wars consisted of several key battles between 499-479 BCE when the Persians invaded Greece. The wars began with the Ionian Revolt when Greek cities rebelled against Persian rule. This led to the Battle of Marathon where the Athenians defeated the first Persian invasion force. The second invasion was larger, led by Xerxes, and included battles at Thermopylae, where Spartans heroically delayed the Persians, and Salamis, where the larger Persian navy was defeated by the Greeks. The final battle was Plataea, resulting in a Greek victory and ending the wars, leaving Athens as the dominant power in Greece.
Ancient Greek Philosophy
This document provides an overview of some key ancient Greek philosophers, including Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It discusses their lives, ideas, and influences. Socrates believed in questioning assumptions to arrive at truth and was sentenced to death for corrupting youth. Plato was his student and founded the Academy, promoting his theory of Forms. Aristotle was a student of Plato who emphasized observation and founded the Lyceum, making major contributions across many fields. Both Plato and Aristotle had significant impacts on Western thought.
Origins of language
The document discusses the origins of human language. It notes that Neanderthal skeletons from 60,000 years ago had the hyoid bone, indicating they could speak, though perhaps at a basic level. Early humans likely developed systems of communication using sounds, gestures, expressions and simple words to work together and share knowledge. Over time, as groups separated geographically, languages diverged but still share words for common environmental concepts. The Indo-European language family demonstrates this evolution from a hypothesized original language.
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After Charlemagne's death, his empire was divided and Europe experienced increased invasions which led to the rise of feudalism. Feudalism was a system where lords granted land to vassals who then provided military service in exchange. This system established hierarchies with peasants at the bottom working the land under lords and knights. Peasants lived confined lives paying taxes and duties on manors which were largely self-sufficient agricultural estates ruled over by lords.
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I made this PPT to discuss how to be active in a democratic society. It focus on power and privilege, lack of acting, types of activism and acting against the law.
10 Amazing Ancient Egyptian Inventions
The document discusses various innovations from ancient Egypt, including cosmetics like eye makeup still used today, papyrus which was used as a writing material, and the calendar system tied to agriculture. Other inventions discussed are the plow for farming, early locks and keys for security, and dental hygiene tools like toothpicks and early forms of toothpaste and toothbrushes. Ancient Egyptians were among the first to develop many technologies still used in modern times.
Mythology Introduction
This document provides an introduction to mythology, including definitions and key characteristics of myths. Myths are ancient stories that were originally passed down orally and aim to explain natural phenomena and events through supernatural narratives. They typically feature supernatural elements and are not about real historical events. The document distinguishes myths from legends and folktales, and discusses creation myths, nature myths, and bee myths from various cultures. It also covers hero myths and provides criteria for common elements of hero myths like Theseus and the Minotaur.
Conspiracy Theory Quick Hit
A quick powerpoint with youtube links looking at some lesser developed Conspircy Theories like:
Subliminal Messaging
Chemtrails
Electronic Banking
Lizard Elites
AIDS
What Makes Humans Unique
An exercise where students brainstorm ideas surrounding what separates humans from animals in physical, intellectual and cultural areas.
Canada’s Governmental Structure
This document provides an overview of Canada's three levels of government - federal, provincial, and municipal - and their responsibilities. It also describes the three branches that make up Canada's government: the legislative branch that creates laws, the executive branch that carries them out, and the judicial branch that interprets them. For each level and branch, the document lists the key members and services or powers they are responsible for. It raises several questions about roles and powers within the government system.
The Role of Government and Why It Exists
The role of government in society, human nature debate and the various types of government that exists.
Moon Landing Hoax
A look at the images that have some convinced that the Moon Landing was a hoax and some of the counter arguments against them.
Introduction to Archeology
Archaeology is the study of human history through excavating artifacts and remains. It involves meticulously excavating sites and analyzing inorganic remains like tools and pottery as well as organic remains to learn about past civilizations. An archaeological dig team includes a field director, supervisors, photographers, analyzers from various fields. Artifacts provide clues about what they were used for, where materials came from, and details like the potter's name. Analysis of human remains can reveal aspects like age, sex, disease, and cause of death. Archaeologists must make hypotheses and defend their conclusions about ancient civilizations based on findings.
You are Political
This document discusses political perspectives and how people can have different views on the same issues. It provides examples of factors that can influence perspectives such as age, experiences, values, and religion. The document also discusses the importance of distinguishing facts from opinions and being able to gather evidence to support different views on political issues. It emphasizes that citizens should consider different perspectives rather than ignore or reject others' views.
Cannibalistic History of Jamestown
A look at the settlement of Jamestown and its hardships with a focus on the acts of cannibalism that have been brought to light recently. It has been adapted from another previous presentation.
Aztec Overview
Adapted from another slideshare account. I have added a few activities and videos to accompany the presentation.
Mayan Civilization
Adapted from the source provided but other activities and videos have been added to help teach about the Mayan Civilizations.
Incas overview
The Inca Empire experienced civil war following the death of the emperor Huayna Capac, weakening the empire just as Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro arrived in 1532. Pizarro, along with just 168 men, was able to defeat the Inca army and capture the Inca ruler Atahualpa, bringing much of the empire under Spanish control. A rebellion led by Manco Inca in 1536 failed to drive the Spanish out, resulting in the fall of the Inca Empire and 300 years of Spanish rule over Peru.
Quick Hit of Evil People in History
Guerilla leader Pol Pot seized control of Cambodia in 1975 and attempted to form an extreme agrarian Communist state, modeled after Mao's Cultural Revolution. He forcibly evacuated cities and forced the population into forced labor, where malnutrition and overwork killed millions in "killing fields." Purges targeted educated people and minorities in an attempt to create a peasant utopia, but instead resulted in the deaths of over 25% of Cambodia's population under Pol Pot's brutal Khmer Rouge regime from 1975-1979.
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