133-B.Chandini-deficiency and toxicity in sorghum .pptx
1. Centurion University of
technology and management
Topic: Nutrients deficiency and toxicity systems
in sorghum
Submitted by: Submitted to:
B.chandini. Dr.limbraj pholane
220804130133.
4. Nitrogen Deficiency
● Symptoms: Overall chlorosis, starting from
older leaves and progressing upwards,
reduced plant vigor, stunted growth, and
decreased tillering.
● Management: Application of nitrogen
fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate,
or ammonium Apply 8-10 kg/acre as top
dressing or foliar spray of urea2-36
5. Phosphorus deficiency
● Symptoms: Purplish or reddish discoloration
of leaves, particularly on the underside,
delayed maturity, reduced root growth, and
poor seedling establishment.
● Management: Incorporation of phosphorus-
rich fertilizers like diammonium phosphate
(DAP) or triple superphosphate (TSP) during
planting or as side-dressing. Soil testing guides
the application rates to correct deficiencies
● Foliar spray of 2% DAP 2-3 pray at an interval of
15 days.
6. POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY
● Symptoms: Yellowing or browning of leaf
margins, leaf curling, weakened stalks
leading to lodging, and reduced grain fill.
● Management: Application of potassium
fertilizers such as potassium chloride
(muriate of potash) or potassium sulfate
based on soil test recommendations.
Balanced fertilization practices help
maintain adequate potassium levels and
prevent deficiencies .Foliar spray of
KCI@1%
7. SULPHUR DEFICIENCY
● Symptoms: Yellowing of younger leaves,
similar to nitrogen deficiency, overall
stunted growth, and reduced yield.
● Management: Application of sulfur-
containing fertilizers such as ammonium
sulfate or elemental sulfur. Sulfur
deficiency is often corrected through
balanced fertilization or by incorporating
organic matter rich in sulfur
8. IRON DEFICENCY
● Symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis on young
leaves, leading to white or yellow striping,
while veins remain green. Reduced growth
and yield.
● Management: Apply 25 kg/ ha of FeSO, as
basal or iron chelates at 10 kg/ha.In
standing crops, apply FeSO, or iron chelates
(0.5% solution) as foliar application.
9. Zinc deficiency
● Symptoms: Stunted growth, shortened
internodes, and leaf distortion. Leaves may
exhibit interveinal chlorosis and develop a
"rosette" appearance.
● Management: Apply ZnSO, commonly at 25-
30 kg/ha or zinc chelates at 10 kg/haIn
standing crops, spray 3 kg ZnSO,+ 1.5 kg un-
salked lime in 500 liters water on 2 or 3 weeks
after seeding emergence
10. Manganese deficiency:
● Symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis on young
leaves, progressing to necrosis. Reduced
growth, poor grain fill, and overall plant
weakness.
● Management: Soil application of manganese
sulfate or manganese chelates. Foliar sprays of
manganese-containing compounds can be
effective in correcting deficiency symptoms.
Adjusting soil pH to the recommended range
(around 5.5-6.5) enhances manganese
availability.
11. Copper deficiency:
● Symptoms: Stunted growth, wilting, and dark green
leaves with twisted tips. Reduced tillering and poor
grain development.
● Management: Application of copper-containing
fertilizers such as copper sulfate or copper chelates.
Foliar sprays of copper-containing compounds can be
applied to quickly address deficiency symptoms.
Avoiding excessive phosphorus application can help
prevent copper tie-up in the soil.
12. Boron deficiency
● Symptoms include distorted growth, brittle
leaves, and poor flowering.
● Management involves applying boron-
containing fertilizers such as borax or boric
acid to the soil or through foliar sprays.
13. Molybdenum deficiency
● Symptoms include yellowing of older leaves
and poor nodulation in legume rotations.
● Management: Application of molybdenum-
containing fertilizers such as sodium
molybdate or ammonium molybdate can
correct deficiency symptoms.
14. Chlorine deficiency:
● Symptoms Chlorine deficiency is rare
in most soils but can occur in sandy or
highly weathered soils.
● Management involves applying
chloride-containing fertilizers such as
potassium chloride or calcium chloride.
15. Toxicity symptoms
Toxicity symptoms in sorghum can result from various factors, including
excessive levels of certain nutrients, such as:
● Nitrogen Toxicity: Excessive nitrogen can lead to dark green leaves,
delayed flowering, and lodging. It can also increase susceptibility to
diseases.
● Potassium Toxicity: High levels of potassium can cause leaf tip burn,
marginal necrosis, and reduced grain filling. It may also lead to lodging
and increased vulnerability to lodging.
16. ● Salt Toxicity: Salinity can result in leaf burn, reduced growth,
and yield loss. It affects water uptake and can lead to osmotic
stress.
● Aluminum Toxicity: Acidic soils with high aluminum levels can
cause stunted root growth, leading to reduced nutrient uptake
and overall growth inhibition.
● Iron Toxicity: Excessive iron levels in waterlogged soils can
lead to leaf bronzing, reduced chlorophyll production, and
impaired photosynthesis.
17. To manage toxicity in sorghum:
● Conduct soil tests to assess nutrient levels and pH.
● Use balanced fertilization practices based on soil test results.
● Avoid over-fertilization, especially with nitrogen and potassium.
● Improve soil drainage to mitigate salinity and aluminum toxicity.
● Select sorghum varieties tolerant to specific stress factors, such as salt or
aluminum.
● Implement practices like crop rotation and cover cropping to improve soil
health and nutrient balance.
● Monitor fields regularly for symptoms of toxicity and take corrective
actions promptly.
