The document outlines the differences between dicot and monocot stems, detailing characteristics such as the structure of the epidermis, cortex, pericycle, xylem, and medulla. Dicot stems typically feature multicellular epidermal hairs, a well-developed cortex, and secondary growth, whereas monocot stems lack these features and exhibit a different vascular arrangement. Overall, the comparison highlights how the anatomical structures vary significantly between dicots and monocots.

1. DICOT
&
MONOCOT STEM
Dr. KUNTAMALLA SUJATHA M. SAI ABHISHEK
Asst Professor, Project Officer,
Sericulture Department, BDL,
Kakatiya University, Hyderabad.
Hanamkonda, Warangal.
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2. Epidermis
Dicot stem
•Multi cellular epidermal hairs are present in many cases.
Thin cuticle covers the epidermal layer.
Monocot stem
The multicellular epidermal hairs are absent.
Thick epidermal layer covers the epidermal layer.
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4. Cortex
Dicot Stem
•Cortex is well developed.
•Hypodermis is collenchymatous.
•Parenchymatous general cortex and distinct endodermis are present.
•Stele is eustele.
•Stele is less extensive.
Monocot stem
•Cortex is poorly developed.
•Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous.
•Cortex and endodermis are not distinct.
•Stele is Atactostele.
•Stele is well represented or in other words occupies more space.
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6. Dicot stem
•Pericycle is sclerenchymatous which may be either in form of a continuous ring
or in patches.
•The limited vascular bundles are arranged in form of a ring.
•The vascular bundles are not covered by any sheath.
•The vascular bundles are wedge shaped collateral, conjoint open with endarch
xylem.
Monocot stem
•Pericycle is absent.
•In the stele the vascular bundles are numerous and irregularly scattered.
•The vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchymatous sheath.
•The vascular bundle are oval, conjoint collateral.
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8. Dicot stem
•Xylem contains many vessels.
•Pro-xylem lacuna is absent.
•Phloem parenchyma is found.
Monocot stem
•Closed with endarch xylem.
•While monocot stem contains few vessels which are arranged in “Y” form.
•It is present below the protoxylem.
•Phloem parenchyma is absent.
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10. Dicot stem
•There is a distinct medulla.
•Secondary growth is found as fasicular cambium is present.
Monocot stem
•Medulla is absent.
•No secondary growth due to absence of cambium.
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