Effect of different nutrient Sources Vs. Quality of Fruits in tropical fruit crops

1. Welcome

2. Nutrient sources vs. quality of fruits in tropical fruit
crops

3.  Introduction
Fruit quality attributes
 Need for nutrient application in fruit crops
 Classification of Nutrients and its role and deficiency
 Classification of organic Manures
Bio-fertilizer and its classification and advantages of bio- fertilizer
 Optimum requirement of inorganic fertilizers (g/tree) for fruits
 Case studies on Mango, Banana, Guava, citrus, papaya, pomegranate and sapota
 Constraints in Nutrient Application
 Conclusions
References

4.  The quality fruits production can be increased by proper supply of organic, inorganic
nutrients and bio fertilizer.
 In recent days, consumers are becoming more and more health conscious and are ready
to pay more prices for healthy and quality fruits.
 The common people of India generally suffer from malnutrition problems, not only from
the deficiency of proteins and calories, but also deficiency of different vitamins and
minerals.
 All such malnutrition problems could have been reduced considerably if the people of
India would have adequate access of quality of fruits.
 During last few years, the demand for organically grown fruits is increasing as compared
to fruits produced from chemical farming systems.
 Organic manures have been used for their eco-friendly and beneficial effect on
environment and horticultural crops.

5. Physical
parameters
Fruit
weight
Fruit
breadth
Fruit
length
Fruit
volume
Biochemical
parameters
T.S.S
Acidity
Total
Sugars
Carotenoi
d
Organoleptic
parameters
Colour
Taste
Texture
Flavour
Fruit quality attributes

6. • To produce food of high nutritional quality.
• To encourage and enhance biological cycles within the farming
system, involving micro organisms.
• To maintain and increase the long term fertility of soils.
• To consider the wider social and ecological impact of the
farming system.
Need for nutrient application in fruit crops

7. Classification of Nutrients
Nutrients
Inorganic
Nutrients
Macro
Nutrients
Micro
Nutrients
Organic
Nutrients
Organic
Manure
Bio fertilizer

8. Role of Macronutrients
Element Function
Nitrogen (N) Integral part of all proteins.
Required for plant growth and photosynthesis.
To produce protein in the form of enzymes.
Phosphor (P) Formation of cell membranes.
Carbohydrate metabolism.
Protein synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration sugar
metabolism.
Energy transfer and storage.
Potassium (K)  Promotes formation of chlorophyll.
 It play an role in energy transfer, nitrogen reduction
and fixation and lignin formation.

9. Element Function
Calcium (Cu)  It is a constituent of cell-wall as calcium pectate.
 It is important in the formation of cell membrane
and lipid structure.
Magnesium (Mo)  It play important role in the process of
photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.
 It activates enzyme involved in synthesis of
nucleic acids (DNA, RNA).
 It is necessary for the activity of Co2 fixation
enzymes.
Sulphur (S)  It improves root development with the help of
phosphorus and synthesis of chlorophyll.
 It is a constituent of Biotin, Thiamine and co-
enzyme –A.
 It acts to stabilize protein structure.
 It is helpful in lignin and sterol bio-synthesis.
Role of Macronutrients

10. Element Function
Boron (B) Essential for germination of pollen grains and growth of
pollen tubes.
Promotes maturity
Sugar transport in plants.
Copper (Cu)  It play major role in carbohydrate and nitrogen
metabolism as well as lignin synthesis and photosynthesis
 Increases sugar content
 Improves flavor of fruits and vegetables.
Iron (Fe)  Promotes formation of chlorophyll.
 It play an role in energy transfer, nitrogen reduction
and fixation and lignin formation.
Role of Micronutrients

11. Element Function
Manganese (Mn)  It play an role in chlorophyll synthesis.
 Increases the availability of Phosphorus.
Molybdenum (Mo) It play role in the formation of legume root nodules.
It play role in nitrogen metabolism ,protein synthesis
and sulphur metabolism .
Zinc (Zn) It play role in energy production, protein synthesis and
growth regulation.
Necessary for carbohydrate and starch formation.
Role of Micronutrients

12. Guide to function of micronutrient in plant growth

13. LEAF
YELLOWING
LEAF
PURPLING
BROWNING
OF
LEAF EDGES
YELLOWING
BETWEEN
VEINS
YELLOWIG
BETWEEN
VEINS
LEAF EDGES
BROWN OR
SCORCHED
LEAF
YELLOWIG
DEATH OF
GROWING
POINTS
BROWNING
OF WHOLE
LEAF
Guide to Symptoms of Plant Nutrient Deficiencies

14. Nitrogen :
1. Light green leaf and plant color with the older leaves
turning yellow.
2. Leaves that will eventually turn brown and die.
3. Plant growth is slow.
4. Plants will be stunted and will mature early.
Phosphorus :
1. Plant growth will be slow and stunted.
2. Older leaves will have a purple coloration particularly
on the underside.
Potassium :
1.On the older leaves, the edges will look burned, a
symptom known as scorch.
2. Plants will easily lodge and be sensitive to disease
infestation.
3. Fruit production will be impaired and of poor quality.
Nitrogen deficiency
symptoms in lemon
Leaf scorching in mango
Macronutrient deficiency in different fruit crops

15. Calcium :
Deficiency symptoms appear in the young leaves
and the growing apices.
Breakdown of flesh towards apex before ripening in
mango. i. e soft nose disease & bitter pit in apple.
Magnesium :
 symptoms of Mg deficiency is interveinal chlorosis
is followed by appearance of the anthocyanin pigment
in the leaves. E.g.: interveinal chlorosis in apple.
 In citrus inverted V shaped green areas are left at
the midrib & base section of leaf whereas, the rest of
The leaf shows a uniform faded green chlorosis.
Sulphur :
Sulphur deficient plants show chlorosis of the younger leaves first.
Shoot growth may be restricted, shoots stiff, woody, thin and upright.
There is a yellowing and orange and red tinting of the leaves
together with some necrotic spotting between the man veins
Bitter pit in apple
Magnesium Deficiency in citrus
Sulphur deficiency
in avocado
Soft Nose in Mango
Macronutrient deficiency in different fruit crops

16. Mango:
Stunted growth with shortened internodes
Small leaves showing pale green color .
Fruit cracking.
 Remedy is Application of 5-10 kg Borax / ha
 Foliar spray of 0.25% Borax at 10 days interval.
Citrus:
 Granulation is related to B deficiency
The affected juice sacs become hard and dry
fruits become grey in color, enlarged in size.
A combined spray of different microelements
(Zn,Cu & B) at a concentration of 25-50 ppm.
Papaya :
Fruit are deformed and bumpy
Fruit secrete pinkish white to brown latex
Premature shedding of male flower
Spraying of boric acid 0.1% at 3 months
Interval from sixth months after planting.
Boron deficiency in different fruit crops
Fruit cracking in Mango
Granulation in Citrus
Deformed and bumpy fruit of papaya

17. • Citrus:
• The deficiency is called exanthema, red
rust, die back, multiple bud or peach
leaf conditions.
• S shaped shoot, small swelling
gummosis are the symptoms.
.
• Mango: Tip burning is caused due
to copper deficiency
• old leaves with grey brown patches
is the typical symptom of copper
deficiency.
• Spraying of 0.3% copper sulphate
checks the disorder effectively.
.
Copper deficiency in different fruit crops

18. Banana:
Development of light green chlorosis of all the tissues between
the veins.
Foliar spray of 0.2 –0.5 % ferrous sulphate checks the disorder.
The iron deficiency in banana can be identified using
chlorophyll fluorescence .
Grapes: The leaves turn yellow (chlorosis) and the entire
shoot become yellow to yellowish green under extreme
conditions.
Two sprays of 0.2% ferrous sulphate, one before bloom and
the second after fruit set.
Guava: Leaf yellowing first appears on the younger leaves in
the intervenial tissues.
Foliar spray of 0.2 –0.5 % ferrous sulphate checks the
disorder.
Iron deficiency in different fruit crops

19. • Banana
• Interveinal chlorosis in the middle of the sub
terminal leaves indicate manganese deficiency.
• Citrus:
• The deficiency is common in soils with high
calcium content. It causes leaf mottling.
• Spraying Manganese chloride or Manganese
sulphate at 0.5 % controls the disorder.
.
• Grapes
• Brown necrotic spots appear on leaves .
• premature fruit drop.
• Delayed maturity.
• Whitish –gray spots on leaves of some cereal
crop
.
Manganese deficiency in different fruit crops

20. Mango
• Little leaf caused by the zinc deficiency .
• Leaves become very small, with interveinal chlorosis.
• Two spray Zinc sulphate 1- 2 % one at the time of flowering
and the other at one month after the first spray correct the
disorder .
Citrus:
• Mottle leaf indicates yellow blotches between veins or
terminal shoot leaves, reduced leaf size, narrow pointed and
chlorotic leaves.
• Spraying of zinc sulphate 0.3% with calcium chloride 0.5g/litre
once for a young tree and twice for old trees.
Grapes:
• Small leaves (little leaf) or rosette , widened petioles and
small sized fruits are the major symptoms.
• Spraying of 10 % zinc sulphate on the pruned stem or spraying
of 0.5 – 1% zinc sulphate 10 days before flower formation .
Zinc deficiency in different fruit crops

21. ORGANIC MANURES
Classification of organic Manures
Bulky organic manure Concentrated organic manure
Farm Yard Manure
Compost
Sewage and sludge
Sheep and goat
manure
Poultry manure
Oilcakes
Blood meal
Meat meal
Fish meal
Horn meal

22. Sr.
No
Name of organic
manure
Available
N P2O5 K2O
1 Cow dung 0.3-1.9 0.1-0.7 0.3-1.2
2 FYM 0.5 0.5 0.7
3 Poultry manure 1.25 1.5 0.8
4 Neem cake 3.15-5.50 - -
5 Vermicompost 1.20 1.0 1.85
6 Bio-gas slurry 1.50 1.1 1.10
7 Press mud 1.12-1.19 2.12-2.50 1.98-2.03
8 Plant residues 1-11 0.5-2.8 1.1-11
9 Night soil 10.4-13.1 2.7-5.1 2.1-3.5
10 Sewage sludge 1.08-2.34 0.84-2.14 0.53-1.73
NPK Content in Organic Manure

23. BIO-FERTILIZER
Bacteria
Phosphate
solubilizers
Nitrogen
fixers
Algae
Symbiotic
Azolla
Associative
Azospirillum Azotobacter
Non-
symbiotic
Rhizobium Penicillium
Pseudomonas
Symbiotic
Non-
symbiotic
Mychoriza
FungiActinomycetes
BGA
Bacillus
Aspergillus

24.  It absorb mineral nutrients from soil specially immobile
elements such as P, K, Fe, Mg, Cl, Br, and N.
 It reduce plant response to soil stresses such as high salt level
and toxicities.
 It increase the water uptake.
 It improves the soil structure and texture.
 It decrease transplant injury.
 It provide tolerance to plants against high temperature.
ROLE OF VAM FUNGI IN FRUIT PLANTS

25.  To enhance bio-mass production and yield by 10-20%.
 Increases the yield of different crops under irrigated and rainfed condition.
 They make available nitrogen directly to the plant.
 They control the soil borne diseases.
 They improves the soil fertility.
 It is a pollution free input.
 It is helpful for quicker decomposition.
Advantages of Bio fertilizers

26. Recommended fertilizer dose (g/tree) for fruits
Crop N P205 K20
Mango 1500 500 700
Banana 200 60 200
Citrus 800 350 600
Guava 900 300 300
Pomegranate 625 250 250
Ber 250 250 50
Aonla 500 250 250
Sapota 1000 500 500
Fig 900 250 275
Custard apple 250 125 125
Papaya 200 200 200
Jamun 500 250 250
(Krushidarshani MPKV, 2018)

27. Botanical name : Mangifera indica
Family : Anacardiaceae
Origin : Indo-Burma
current status
India : Area - 846 thousand ha
Production – 29124 thousand metric tonnes
Mango

28. Effect of organic practices on quality parameters of mango (Alphonso)
Treatment
(plant/year)
TSS
( 0Brix )
Titrable
acidity
( % )
Ascorbic
acid
(mg/100g)
Carotenoid
(mg/100g)
T1- 100% RDF FYM (50kg) 17.67 0.288 52.94 8.77
T2- 100% RDF FYM + PSB (200g) 16.33 0.216 39.22 5.98
T3- 50% RDF FYM + PSB (200g) 16.0 0.240 45.10 11.11
T4- 50% RDF FYM + AZO (200g) + PSB
(200g)
16.0 0.192 60.78 9.69
T5- 100% RDF FYM + AZO (200g)
+ PSB (200g) + VAM (200g)
19.33 0.240 56.86 7.38
T6- 50% RDF FYM + AZO (200g)
+ PSB (200g) + VAM (200g)
19.67 0.168 62.75 11.25
T7- 100% RDF Fertilizer (750gN: 200g
P2O5 : 700g K2O)
15.65 0.312 41.18 6.95
T8- Control (No Manure / Fertilizer) 14.33 0.336 33.33 5.19
(Vinay, 2013)
GKVK., Banglore (KN)

29. Current status
India : Area -2237 thousand ha
Production – 18779 thousand metric tonnes
Botanical name : Musa paradisiac
Family : Musaceae
Origin : South-east Asia
Banana

30. Effect of bio fertilizers and vermicompost on quality of banana
Treatment
TSS
(0Brix )
Ascorbic
acid
( mg/100g )
Total
sugar
( % )
Acidity
( % )
T1: RDF (5kg FYM + 200:90:200 g/plant NPK) 19.50 9.23 12.45 0.21
T2: RDF + Azotobacter 21.01 11.66 13.18 0.20
T3: RDF + PSM 20.38 11.02 12.71 0.17
T4: RDF + Azotobacter + PSM 20.14 11.26 13.11 0.18
T5-: 75% RDN + 100% RDP + Azotobacter 20.63 11.39 13.20 0.17
T6: 100% RDN + 75% RDP + PSM 20.93 10.60 13.11 0.17
T7: 75% RDN + 75% RDP + Azotobacter + PSM 20.95 11.83 13.20 0.17
T8: RDF + vermicompost 21.28 10.69 13.11 0.19
T9: RDF + Azotobacter + vermicompost 21.44 11.68 13.34 0.19
T10: RDF + PSM + vermicompost 21.00 11.73 13.95 0.17
T11: RDF + Azotobacter + PSM + vermicompost 22.18 12.32 14.02 0.17
T12: 75% RDN + 100% RDP + Azotobacter +
vermicompost
21.91 11.49 13.54 0.17
T13: 100% RDN + 75% RDP + PSM + vermicompost 21.69 11.79 13.86 0.17
T14: 75% RDN + 75% RDP + Azotobacter + PSM +
vermicompost
21.48 11.78 13.54 0.18
CD at 5% 0.99 0.53 0.55 0.01(Patel and Patel, 2011)

31. Effect of rhizome coating with organic manures and bio-fertilizers on yield and
quality of banana
Treatment
Bunch wt.
( kg )
Shelf life
( days )
Total
sugar
(% )
T1: Full NPK (200:80:150) 8.17 3.00 16.62
T2: Full NPK + rhizome coating with Azotobacter 7.00 3.67 18.49
T3: Full NPK + rhizome coating with vermicompost 10.47 4.00 19.18
T4: Full NPK + rhizome coating with Azotobacter +
vermicompost
10.08 6.18 22.19
T5: ½N & P, full K + rhizome coating with Azotobacter 7.18 5.67 20.49
T6: ½ N & P, full K + rhizome coating with
vermicompost
8.80 5.62 20.92
T7: ½ N & P, full K + rhizome coating with Azotobacter +
vermicompost
8.67 6.00 22.10
T8: Full NPK + vermicompost (5kg) 9.13 6.55 24.28
T9: Full NPK + ½ vermicompost 8.83 6.33 22.16
CD at 5% 1.32 0.82 1.17
(Reddy, 2007)

32. Effect of different treatments on crop duration & yield of banana cv. Ardhapuri.
Treatments
Days for shooting
after planting
Days to
harvest
after
planting
Total crop
duration
Weight of
bunch (kg)
Yield (t/ha )
T1- 100% RDF + FYM + Azotobacter (50 g/plant) +
PSB (50 g/plant) + VAM (250 g/plant)
243.10
124.07 367.17 13.49
59.96
T2- 75% RDF + FYM + Azotobacter (50 g/plant) +
PSB (50 g/plant) + VAM (250 g/plant)
224.05
121.20 345.25 18.08
80.35
T3- 50% RDF + FYM + Azotobacter (50 g/plant) +
PSB (50 g/ plant) + VAM (250 g/ plant)
211.03
117.46 328.49 19.31
85.80
T3- 100% RDF + FYM + Azotobacter (50 g/plant) 240.67
122.70
363.37
12.66
56.25
T5- 100% RDF + FYM + PSB (50 g/ plant) + VAM
(250 g/plant)
245.30
123.90 369.20 12.96
57.59
T6- 75% RDF of NPK + FYM + Azotobacter (50
g/plant)
236.10
128.07 364.17 12.48
55.45
T7- 75% RDF of NPK + FYM + PSB (50 g/plant) +
VAM (250 g/plant)
238.60
134.30
372.90
15.57
69.19
T8- 50% RDF of NPK + FYM + Azotobacter (50
g/plant)
235.00
124.07 364.17 12.25
54.43
T9- 50% RDF of NPK + FYM + PSB (50 g/plant) +
VAM (250 g/plant)
239.90 121.20 365.57
14.18
63.03
T10- 100% recommended dose of NPK (RDF) + FYM
(control)
246.13
117.46
381.12
10.64
47.30
S.E. ± 1.90
1.70 2.42 0.47
2.08
C.D. at 5% 5.46
5.42 6.93 1.35
5.98
Patil and shinde 2010
Banana Res. Station MPKV, Jalgao (MH)

33. Botanical name : Psidium guajava
Family : Myrtaceae
Origin : Peru
current status
India : Area - 254 thousand ha
Production - 4046 thousand metric tonnes
Guava

34. Effect of inorganic and organic fertilizers on biochemical parameters in
guava cv. Sardar
Treatment
(Dose/plant)
TSS
(%)
Acidity
(%)
Total
Sugars
(%)
Ascorbic
Acid
(mg/100g)
T1-RDF
(0.6 kg Urea :2 kg SP: 1 kg MOP)
12.19 0.54 7.97 203.91
T2-Vermicompost 16kg 11.24 0.58 7.63 200.41
T3-jeevamrit 10/L 9.63 0.62 7.41 189.58
T4-Azotobacter 100g 9.14 0.56 7.22 190.41
T5- Azospirillum 100 10.25 0.56 7.55 198.33
T6-control 8.80 0.63 7.13 189.33
Cd (p=0.05) 0.37 ns 2.96 10.12
(Kaur and Kaur, 2017)

35. Effect of chemical fertilizer, organic & bio fertilizer on chemical
properties of gauva
Treatments TSS (% )
Acidity
(%)
Reducing
Sugar
(%)
Non-
Reducing
Sugar
(%)
Total
Sugar
(%)
Ascorbic
Acid
(mg/100g
pulp)
T0 - Control (Without nutrient application) 9.60 0.53 3.78 3.10 6.88 192.57
T1 - 100% RDF (600:300:300 gm NPK/tree) 10.09 0.50 3.85 3.24 7.09 201.82
T2 - 75% RDF + Cowdung slurry (10 litre/tree) 11.38 0.33 4.30 3.78 8.08 227.44
T3 - 50% RDF + Cowdung slurry (10 litre/tree) 10.14 0.46 4.02 3.31 7.33 216.36
T4 - 75% RDF + 25% NPK/tree blended with Cowdung
slurry (10 litre/tree)
11.93 0.31 4.38 3.77 8.15 230.22
T5 - 50% RDF + 25% NPK/tree blended with Cowdung
slurry (10 litre/tree)
10.56 0.38 4.11 3.39 7.56 220.19
T6 - 75% RDF + Cowdung slurry (10 litre/tree)
+Azospirillum (100 gm/ tree) + PSB (100 gm/ tree)
12.49 0.28 4.46 3.92 8.37 236.42
T7 - 50% RDF + Cowdung slurry (10
litre/tree)+Azospirillum (100 gm/ tree) + PSB (100 gm/ tree)
10.16 0.49 3.93 3.28 7.21 212.75
T8 - 75% RDF + 25% NPK/tree blended with Cowdung
slurry (10 litre/tree)+Azospirillum (100 gm/ tree) + PSB (100
gm/ tree)
11.22 0.36 4.21 3.64 7.85 224.28
T9 - 50% RDF + 25% NPK/tree blended with Cowdung
slurry (10 litre/tree+Azospirillum (100 gm/ tree) + PSB (100
gm/ tree)
10.69 0.37 4.18 3.53 7.71 222.98
SE(m)± 0.05 0.008 0.02 0.03 0.02 1.05
CD at 5% 0.16 0.02 0.06 0.10 3 0.07 3.12
Chandra , 2017
IJKV., Raipur

36. Effect of different treatments on quality of Nagpur mandarin cv. Nagpur Santra
Treatments TSS (0B) Acidity (%)
Total
sugars
(%)
Ascorbic
acid
(mg 100
ml-1)
T1- control RDF (100% NPK) 1200 g N; 400 g
P2O5 tree-1 and 50 kg FYM
11.00 0.72 7.28 39.42
T2 – 100 per cent RDF + VAM + PSB +
Azospirillum (100 g/ plant)
11.41 0.70 7.78 42.68
T3 (100% RDF+ VAM (500 g/plant) + PSB
(100g/plant) + Azospirillum (100 g/plant)
11.71 0.64 7.90 42.84
T4 – 75 per cent RDF + VAM (500 g/plant) +
PSB (100 g/plant) +Azospirillum (100 g/plant)
11.37 0.71 7.56 43.10
T5 – 50 per cent RDF + VAM
(500g/plant)+PSB(100
g/plant)+Azospirillum(100g/plant)
11.27 0.69 7.42 42.58
C.D. (P=0.05) 0.41 0.028 0.038 2.25
Hadole et al., 2015
Dr.pdkv., Akola., (MH)

37. Effect of organic and inorganic nutrients on chemical properties of acid lime
Treatments TSS (0Brix) Acidity (%)
TSS:acid
ratio
T0 - Control 7.10 7.06 1.00
T1 -RDF 900:400:400 N:P:K g/plant) 7.22 6.90 1.04
T2 - 75 % RDF + 3 Kg vermicompost + 10 Kg FYM 7.42 6.71 1.10
T3 - 50 % RDF + 7 Kg vermicompost + 15Kg FYM 7.29 6.83 1.06
T4 - 25% RDF + 10 Kg vermicompost + 20 Kg FYM 7.16 6.94 1.03
T5 - 75 % RDF + 3 Kg vermicompost + 10 Kg FYM + 150 g VAM 7.80 6.29 1.24
T6 - 50 % RDF + 7 Kg vermicompost + 15 Kg FYM + 150 g VAM 7.75 6.38 1.21
T7 - 25 % RDF + 10 Kg vermicompost + 20 Kg FYM + 150 g VAM
7.49 6.68 1.12
T8 - 75 % RDF+ 3 Kg vermicompost + 10 Kg FYM + 25 g Azotobactor 7.67 6.47 1.18
T9 - 50 % RDF + 7 Kg vermicompost + 15 Kg FYM + 25 g Azotobactor 7.61 6.55 1.16
T10 - 25 % RDF + 10 Kg vermicompost + 20 Kg FYM + 25 g Azotobactor 7.35 6.76 1.08
T11 - 75 % RDF + 3 Kg vermicompost + 10 Kg FYM + 150 g VAM + 25 g Azotobactor 7.93 6.11 1.29
T12 - 50 % RDF + 7 Kg vermicompost + 15 Kg FYM + 150 g VAM + 25 g Azotobactor 7.87 6.20 1.24
T13 -25 % RDF + 10 Kg vermicompost + 20 Kg FYM + 150 g VAM + 25 g Azotobactor 7.54 6.61 1.14
S.Em. ±
0.02 0.03 0.02
C.D. at 5% 0.07 0.08 0.04
Bhandari , 2017
RJKV, Gwalior, M.P

38. Botanical name : Carica papaya
Family : Caricaceae
Origin : Tropical America
Current status
India : Area – 133 thousand ha
Production – 5699 thousand metric tonnes
Papaya

39. Effect of bio-fertilizers on yield of papaya
Treatment
Fruit
weight
( kg )
Fruit
length
( cm )
Fruit
diameter
( cm )
No. of
fruits/plant
T1: Azospirillum + 2kg FYM 1.00 15.42 13.11 16.12
T2: Azotobacter + 2kg FYM 1.12 15.77 13.09 16.92
T3: VAM + 2kg FYM 1.32 15.92 13.15 16.33
T4: Azospirillum + Azotobacter + 2kg FYM 1.14 15.81 12.92 17.42
T5: Azospirillum + VAM + 2kg FYM 1.14 15.91 13.12 16.33
T6: Azotobacter + VAM + 2kg FYM 1.00 15.93 13.17 17.42
T7: Azotobacter + Azospirillum + VAM + 2kg
FYM
1.42 16.43 13.22 19.72
T8: Control 0.82 15.29 13.10 14.12
CD at 5% 0.023 0.111 0.107 0.88
*Bio-fertilizers@ 10g/plant ( Dutta et al., 2010)

40. Effect of organic inputs on quality of papaya
Treatment
TSS
( 0Brix )
Titrable
acidity
( % )
Ascorbic
acid
( mg/100g )
Reducing
sugar
( % )
Total
sugar
( % )
T1: control-250:250:500g
NPK/plant/year in 6 split doses
10.91 0.183 54.13 7.01 8.63
T2: 20kg/plant FYM 11.56 0.118 62.10 7.82 9.43
T3: 13.5kg/plant urban compost 9.70 0.153 60.47 6.78 8.75
T4: 25kg/plant sunhemp 10.22 0.187 52.80 6.22 7.99
T5: 40kg/plant sun hemp + 300g/plant
rock phosphate
10.10 0.177 53.90 5.89 7.94
T6: 4kg/plant neem cake + 2.5kg/plant
wood ash
10.32 0.127 59.10 7.34 9.01
T7: 35kg/plant rural compost 9.99 0.140 55.07 5.40 7.41
CD at 5% 0.713 0.033 3.644 0.909 0.764
(Ravishankar et al., 2010)

41. Effect of inorganic, organic manures and bio-fertilizers on chemical composition of
papaya fruit
Treatments TSS (%) Acidity (%)
Ascorbic acid
(mg/100g
pulp )
Reducing
sugars (%)
Non-
reducing
sugars
(%)
Total
sugars
(%)
T1 FYM + 100 % NPK)- Control 15.20 0.152 60.81 11.83 1.51 13.47
T2 (FYM + 50 % NPK+Azotobacter) 14.50 0.157 59.67 9.93 1.41 11.35
T3 (FYM + 50 % NPK+Azospirillum) 14.67 0.156 60.00 9.84 1.39 11.24
T4 (FYM + 50 % NPK+Azotobacter + PSB) 16.71 0.142 63.29 13.88 1.65 15.53
T5 (FYM + 50 % NPK+Azospirillum + PSB) 16.60 0.143 63.14 13.72 1.63 15.35
T6 (FYM + 25 % NPK+Azotobacter) 12.90 0.171 51.60 9.08 1.24 10.32
T7 (FYM + 25 % NPK+Azospirillum) 12.83 0.170 51.31 8.93 1.23 10.17
T8 (FYM + 25 % NPK+Azotobacter + PSB) 13.33 0.166 57.42 9.18 1.26 10.44
T9 (FYM + 25 % NPK+Azospirillum + PSB) 12.95 0.166 57.02 9.41 1.24 10.66
T10 (FYM + 100 % NPK+Azotobacter + PSB) 16.80 0.139 63.73 14.18 1.66 15.84
T11 (FYM + 100 % NPK+Azospirillum + PSB) 16.73 0.141 63.48 14.07 1.65 15.73
S.E. ± 0.17 0.0010 0.39 0.17 0.01 0.17
C.D. (P=0.05) 0.51 0.0029 1.16 0.50 0.03 0.50
( SRIVASTAVA et al., 2014)

42. Effect of bio-inoculants and organics supplementation on pomegranate
Treatment
Fruit
weight
(g)
Fruit
diameter
(mm)
Fruit
length
(mm)
Yield
(kg/plant)
T1- 100% RDF (400: 200: 200 NPK/plant) 230.50 68.94 90.69 17.06
T2- 100% RDF (400: 200: 200 g/plant NPK) + Bio-
inoculants*
271.20 77.18 96.91 21.94
T3- 75% RD N & P (300: 150: 200g/ plant NPK) + 10
kg Oil cakes*
254.77 71.65 93.90 20.17
T4- 75% RD N & P (300: 150: 200 NPK) + 10 kg Oil
cakes + Bio-inoculants*
294.20 77.29 102.55 24.80
T5- 75% RD N & P (200: 100: 200 NPK) + 20 kg Oil
cakes
243.50 72.22 91.61 21.23
T6- 75% RD N & P (200: 100: 200 NPK) + 20 kg Oil
cakes + Bio-inoculants
282.20 74.14 93.08 26.43
CD at 5% 8.34 2.58 3.45 2.30
(Reddy et al., 2017 )
*Bio-inoculants – P. flurorescence
*Oilcakes – Neem cake and Pongamia cake @ 1:1 ratio

43. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers in sapota cv. Kalipatti
Treatment Colour Texture Flavor Taste
Overall
Acceptability
T1- 25kg FYM + 400:60:300g NPK/tree 17.38 19.00 17.50 18.13 72.00
T2- 25kg FYM + 350:60:250g NPK/tree 16.75 17.38 17.25 17.00 68.38
T3- 25kg FYM + 300:60:200g NPK/tree 18.38 18.50 18.13 18.00 73.00
T4- 25kg FYM + 250:60:150g NPK/tree 21.13 21.38 20.50 20.63 83.63
T5- 25kg/tree FYM 18.88 19.25 18.25 18.25 74.63
T6- 5kg vermicompost + 250:60:300g
NPK/tree
22.25 22.75 21.88 22.63 89.50
T7- 5kg vermicompost + 350:60:250g
NPK/tree
19.13 20.13 17.25 18.38 74.88
T8- 5kg vermicompost + 300:60:200g
NPK/tree
16.00 16.88 17.38 17.38 67.63
CD at 5% 0.86 0.59 1.14 0.86 2.90
(Patel and Naik., 2010)

44.  Lack of knowledge about the of organic manures and
bio fertilizer among farmers.
 High cost of organic manures and bio fertilizer
 Inadequate availability of organic manure and bio
fertilizer .
 Maximum use of inorganic fertilizers neglecting the use
of organic manures.
Constraints in Nutrient Application

45.  Application of recommended doses of chemical fertilizer of that
particular region and climatic conditions along with any other
organic sources like FYM, Biofertilizers, Vermicompost, Green
manure etc. increases the productivity of fruit crops as well as
improvement in quality parameters with nutrients uptake.
 Organic manures enhanced the biosynthesis and translocation of
carbohydrate in to fruits.
 Nutrient play important role in quality enhancement of fruits crop,
 Bio-fertilizers increases the availability of nutrients in fruit crops.
 The application of chemical fertilizer along with organic manure
improved the soil properties .
 INM play significant role in improving fruit qualities by
increasing TSS, Sugar content, Vitamins and other quality
attributes.
Conclusions

46.  Thus NM is best option for sustaining the productivity of quality
fruit crops and improvement of soil health.
 Its concluded that nutrient play an imp role in quality fruits
production, by this we would sustained the income of farmers as
well living of standard of farmers society.
Conclusions