The document summarizes the performance analysis of orthogonal space-time block codes exploiting channel state information in MIMO systems. It begins with an introduction to MIMO wireless communication systems and space-time coding techniques. It then discusses space-time block codes, orthogonal space-time block codes, and generalized OSTBCs. The document outlines the objectives of analyzing and comparing the performance of OSTBCs with and without channel state information feedback in MIMO systems. It also describes the data processing and encoding/decoding methods used in OSTBC systems.

1. WELCOME
1April 6 , 2016 ECE, Khulna University

2. TITLE
Performance Analysis
Of
Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes
Exploiting Channel State Information
In MIMO System
2

3. PRESENTED BY
ANIMESH ROY
ID: 110901
ABDULLAH- AL- MAMUN
ID:110905
SHATARUPA MONDAL
ID:110938
3

4. SUPERVISED BY
S. M. Shamsul Alam
(Associate Professor)
Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline
Khulna University
Khulna-9208
4

5.  INTRODUCTION
 MIMO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 SPACE TIME CODING(STC)
 SPACE TIME BLOCK CODES
 PROBLEMS OF MIMO SYSYTEM AND MOTIVATION
 THESIS OBJECTIVES
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
 DATA PROCESSING AT OSTBC SYSTEM
 ALAMOUTI OSTBC
 GENERALIZED OSTBC
 OSTBC TRANSMISSION WITH CSI FEEDBACK
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 CONCLUSION
 FUTURE WORK
5
CONTENTS

6. INTRODUCTION
6

7. MIMO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 Multiple Input Multiple Output
 Multiple antennas are used at transmitter and receiver
 Increases link capacity and spectral efficiency with improved link reliability
 Wireless Fidelity(Wi-Fi), Long Term Evolution(LTE), and many other latest wireless
technologies
7
Fig. 1. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output system block diagram

8. MIMO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION(CONTD.)
Features Of MIMO
 Multiple Signal Paths
 High Data Rate
 Spatial Diversity
 High Capacity
 High Throughput
 Less Decoding Complexity
8

9. MIMO WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION(CONTD.)
MIMO Channel
Physical paths between transmitters and receivers
Channel Model
Here is the Rayleigh channel model for NLOS environment.
9
))1,0(1)1,0((
2
1
, normalnormalh ji 
jih ,

10. MIMO WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION(CONTD.)
Channel State Information(CSI)
 Channel Characteristics
 Fading, and power decay with distance
 Adapt transmissions to current channel conditions
 Improves the diversity technique
10
 )(sin hj
ehh 


11. MIMO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION(CONTD.)
3×3 MIMO System
 At some time instant transmit voltage “1” from first transmit antenna and measure its
response from three receive antennas as [0.8 0.7 0.9]
 At the same time instant, the procedure is repeated for other transmit antennas
 From the sample CSI matrix above, transmission antenna 2 is not effective .Receiver
feedback the CSI the transmitter- best utilization of RF equipment's-save transmit power
11
000
000
001
009.0
007.0
008.0
7.01.09.0
8.02.07.0
6.01.08.0 
100
010
001
TX-1 TX-2 TX-3

12. MIMO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION(CONTD.)
In reality the CSI matrix contains elements that are complex and they describe both the
amplitude and phase variations of the link
According to Eq(2)-CSI matrix will be,
12
jj
jjj
jjj
7.07.01.08.09.0
1.01.05.05.07.020.0
6.05.01.03.01.0




13. CLASSIFICATION OF MIMO ON THE BASIS
OF CSI FEEDBACK
 Open Loop MIMO System
Transmitter does not have any information about the channel
 Close Loop MIMO System
Receiver sends the channel state information to the transmitter through a feedback channel,
provides array gain
13
Transmitter Receiver
Fig:2 Block diagram open loop MIMO system
Transmitter Receiver
Fig.3 Block diagram close loop MIMO system

14. CLASSIFICATION OF MIMO TRANSMISSION
TECHNIQUES
 Precoding
• Same signal is emitted from each of the transmit antennas with appropriate phase and
gain weighting
• Requires knowledge of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter
 Spatial multiplexing
• Transmit independent data stream over different transmit antennas
• Can be combined with precoding if CSI is available
 Diversity coding
• A single stream is transmitted
• Signal is coded using – Space Time Coding-Space Frequency Coding
• Combined with spatial multiplexing and precoding when CSI available
• Diversity gain – aimed at improving the reliability
14

15. SPACE –TIME CODING(STC)
 A diversity technique
 Multiple, redundant copies of data stream are transmitted to the receiver
 Allows reliable Maximum Likelihood (ML)decoding
15

16. SPACE –TIME CODING(CONTD.)
Types of STC
 Space Time Trellis Code (STTC)
• Distributes a trellis codes over multiple antennas and multiple time slots
• Code gain, and diversity gain
 Space Time Block Code(STBC)
• Transmit multiple copies of data stream over multiple transmit antennas
• Exploit various received version of data stream
• Compensate for different channel problems such as fading, scattering, refraction
16

17. SPACE TIME BLOCK CODES
17
Transmit Antenna
Time
Slots
*
1
*
2
*
3
*
4
*
2
*
1
*
4
*
3
*
3
*
4
*
1
*
2
*
4
*
32
*
1
1234
2143
3412
4321
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx







𝒢=

18. SPACE -TIME BLOCK CODE(CONTD.)
Orthogonal Space -Time Block Code
 STBC –pair of columns-orthogonal to each other
Features of OSTBC
 Better performance in Fading Environment
 Less decodable Complexity
 Better Diversity Gain
Rate of OSTBC 𝒢2,2,2
=
𝑥1 𝑥2
−𝑥2
∗
𝑥1
∗
K=number of symbols per block=2
T=Total number of time slots=2
Code rate, R=
𝐾
𝑇
=1
18

19. SPACE -TIME BLOCK CODE(CONTD.)
 Alamouti OSTBC
• Designed for two transmit antennas
• Code rate one
 Generalized OSTBC
• Designed for more than two transmit antennas
• Code rate less than one
19
Different Forms of OSTBC

20. PROBLEM OF MIMO SYSTEM AND
MOTIVATION
 Electromagnetic waves interact with obstacles like hills, buildings, canyons
 Great attenuation ( due to higher data rate and higher performance)
 Diversity technique(OSTBC) - reduction of ill effect - multipath fading problem
 MIMO with space time coded transmission –receiver with much radio equipment –
improved transmission quality
 Space Time Coded transmission- CSI- reduction of receivers circuit complexity-less
radio equipment's
20

21. THESIS OBJECTIVES
 Bit error rate - Orthogonal Space Time Block Codes(OSTBC) - open loop MIMO
 Comparison- performance of OSTBC-close loop MIMO techniques- exploits CSI
 Maximum utilization -limited radio equipment - good quality of data transmission-CSI
exploitation
 Comparison of techniques- CSI exploitation
21

22. MATERIALS AND METHODS
22

23. DATA PROCESSING AT OSTBC SYSTEM
OSTBC Encoder
23
1010001...
ksss ....2,1 kk sx Symbol
Calculation
In 𝒢 Sends rows
of C
Fig 6 : Block Diagram of OSTBC encoder
𝑥1
𝑥2
−𝑥2
∗
𝑥1
∗
t t+T
kk sx 

24. DATA PROCESSING AT OSTBC SYSTEM(CONTD.)
OSTBC Decoder
24
Linear
Combination
Pick Closest Symbol
(Maximum Likelihood
Detector)
Trrr ....2,1
ksss ~....~~
2,1
ksss ~....~~
2,1 ksˆ
Fig 7 : Block Diagram of OSTBC decoder

25. ALAMOUTI OSTBC
𝒢2,2,2=
𝑥1 𝑥2
−𝑥2
∗
𝑥1
∗
Two transmit antennas deliver two symbols over two time slots
In case of one receive antenna:
Received signal , r = C H + 𝓝
25
1,1r = ℎ1,1 𝑥1 + ℎ1,2 𝑥2 + 1,1
1,2r = −ℎ1,1 𝑥2
∗
+ ℎ1,2 𝑥1
∗
+ 1,2






*
1,2
1,1
r
r




















 
1,2
1,1
2
1
*
1,1
*
2,1
2,11,1
x
x
hh
hh

26. ALAMOUTI OSTBC(CONTD.)
Effective received signal matrix
Effective Channel matrix
Linear combination of received signals
= ℎ1,1
∗
𝑟1,1 + ℎ1,2 𝑟2,1
∗
= ℎ1,2
∗
𝑟1,1 − ℎ1,1 𝑟2,1
∗
26
effH 





 *
1,1
*
2,1
2,11,1
hh
hh
effr 





*
1,2
1,1
r
r
eff
H
eff rHS 
~
1
~
S
2
~
S

27. ALAMOUTI OSTBC(CONTD.)
ML decoding for 𝑵 𝒓receive antennas
𝑖=1
𝑁 𝑟
𝑟1,𝑖ℎ𝑖,1
∗
+ 𝑟2,𝑖
∗
ℎ𝑖,2 − 𝑠1
2
+ 𝜓 𝑠1
2
𝜓 = −1 +
𝑖=1
𝑁 𝑟
𝑗=1
𝑁
ℎ𝑖,𝑗
2
27
𝑖=1
𝑁 𝑟
𝑟1,𝑖ℎ𝑖,2
∗
− 𝑟2,𝑖
∗
ℎ𝑖,1 − 𝑠2
2
+ 𝜓 𝑠2
2

28. GENERALIZED OSTBC
OSTBC for N=4 with rate 1/2
𝒢448=
Four transmit antennas deliver four symbols over eight time slots
ML decoding for 𝑵 𝒓receive antennas
28
*
1
*
2
*
3
*
4
*
2
*
1
*
4
*
3
*
3
*
4
*
1
*
2
*
4
*
32
*
1
1234
2143
3412
4321
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx







1
~
S 𝑁 𝑟
𝑚=1 (𝑟1,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,1
∗
+𝑟2,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,2
∗
+𝑟3,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,3
∗
+𝑟4,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,4
∗
+𝑟5,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,1+
𝑟6,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,2+𝑟7,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,3+𝑟8,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,4)
𝑁 𝑟
𝑚=1 (𝑟1,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,2
∗
-𝑟2,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,1
∗
-𝑟3,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,4
∗
+𝑟4,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,3
∗
+𝑟5,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,2-
𝑟6,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,1-𝑟7,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,4+𝑟8,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,3)
2
~
S

29. GENERALIZED OSTBC(CONTD.)
𝑁 𝑟
𝑚=1 (𝑟1,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,3
∗
+ 𝑟2,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,1
∗
− 𝑟3,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,1
∗
− 𝑟4,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,2
∗
+
𝑟5,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,3 + 𝑟6,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,4 − 𝑟7,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,1 − 𝑟8,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,2)
29
3
~
S
ML decoding for 𝑵 𝒓receive antennas
𝑁 𝑟
𝑚=1
(𝑟1,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,4
∗
− 𝑟2,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,3
∗
+ 𝑟3,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,2
∗
− 𝑟4,𝑚 ℎ 𝑚,1
∗
+ 𝑟5,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,4
− 𝑟6,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,3 − 𝑟7,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,2 + 𝑟8,𝑚
∗
ℎ 𝑚,1)
4
~
S

30. GENERALIZED OSTBC(CONTD.)
OSTBC for N=3 with rate 1/2
Three transmit antennas deliver four symbols over eight time slots
30
*
2
*
3
*
4
*
1
*
4
*
3
*
4
*
1
*
2
*
3
*
2
*
1
234
143
412
321
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx






𝒢348=

31. GENERALIZED OSTBC(CONTD.)
OSTBC for N=4 with rate 3/4
𝒢434 =
𝑥1 𝑥2
𝑥3
2
𝑥3
2
−𝑥2
∗
𝑥1
∗
𝑥3
2
−
𝑥3
2
𝑥3
∗
2
𝑥3
∗
2
𝑥3
∗
2
−
𝑥3
∗
2
−𝑥1 − 𝑥1
∗
+ 𝑥2 − 𝑥2
∗
2
−𝑥2 − 𝑥2
∗
+ 𝑥1 − 𝑥1
∗
2
𝑥2 + 𝑥2
∗
+ 𝑥1 − 𝑥1
∗
2
−
𝑥1 + 𝑥1
∗
+ 𝑥2 − 𝑥2
∗
2
Four transmit antennas deliver three symbols over four time slots
31

32. GENERALIZED OSTBC(CONTD.)
𝑟1,𝑖 ℎ𝑖,1
∗
+ 𝑟2,𝑖 ℎ𝑖,2
∗
+
𝑟4,𝑖− 𝑟3,𝑖 ℎ 𝑖,3
∗
−ℎ 𝑖,4
∗
2
−
𝑁 𝑟
𝑖=1
𝑟3,𝑖+ 𝑟4,𝑖
∗
ℎ 𝑖,3
∗
+ℎ 𝑖,4
∗
2
− 𝑠1
2
+ 𝜓 𝑠1
2
32
𝑟1,𝑖 ℎ𝑖,2
∗
− 𝑟2,𝑖 ℎ𝑖,1
∗
+
𝑟4,𝑖+ 𝑟3,𝑖 ℎ 𝑖,3
∗
−ℎ 𝑖,4
∗
2
+
𝑁 𝑟
𝑖=1
−𝑟3,𝑖+ 𝑟4,𝑖
∗
ℎ 𝑖,3+ℎ 𝑖,4
2
− 𝑠1
2
+ 𝜓 𝑠2
2
𝑟1,𝑖−𝑟2,𝑖 ℎ 𝑖,3
∗
2
+
𝑟1,𝑖−𝑟2,𝑖 ℎ 𝑖,4
2
+
𝑟3,𝑖
∗
(ℎ 𝑖,1+ℎ 𝑖,2)
2
+
𝑁 𝑟
𝑖=1
𝑟4,𝑖
∗
(ℎ 𝑖,1−ℎ 𝑖,2)
2
− 𝑠3
2
+ 𝜓 𝑠3
2
ML decoding for 𝑵 𝒓receive antennas

33. GENERALIZED OSTBC(CONTD.)
OSTBC for N=3 with rate 3/4
𝒢334 =
𝑥1 𝑥2
𝑥3
2
−𝑥2
∗
𝑥1
∗
𝑥3
2
𝑥3
∗
2
𝑥3
∗
2
𝑥3
∗
2
−
𝑥3
∗
2
−𝑥1 − 𝑥1
∗
− 𝑥2 − 𝑥2
∗
2
𝑥2 + 𝑥2
∗
+ 𝑥1 − 𝑥1
∗
2
33
Three transmit antennas deliver three symbols
over four time slots

34. OSTBC TRANSMISSION WITH CSI FEEDBACK
OSTBC with Precoding
34
Modulator
OSTBC
Encoder
Pre-coder
C𝑊𝑜𝑝𝑡
𝑊𝑜𝑝𝑡 =
arg 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑊𝜖𝐹
𝐻𝑊 𝐹
2
},...,,,{ 321 Lopt WWWWFW 
Receiver
RF Chain
},...,,,{ 321 Lopt WWWWFW 
},...,,,{ 321 LWWWWF 
Signal processing
(CSI estimation)
H
Indices of 𝑊𝑜𝑝𝑡
Received signal equation
𝑟 = HWC
N
E
T
x
𝓝

35. OSTBC TRANSMISSION WITH CSI FEEDBACK
Precoding matrix of codebook ‘F’
𝐹 = 𝑊𝐷𝐹𝑇, 𝜃𝑊𝐷𝐹𝑇, … , 𝜃 𝐿−1
𝑊𝐷𝐹𝑇 , 𝜃 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑢1/𝑁 𝑇 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑢2/𝑁 𝑇 … 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑢 𝑁𝑇/𝑁 𝑇
35
tN
Number of
Tx antennas
M
Number of
Data streams
BFL /
Codebook size
(feedback bits)
c
column indices
u
rotation vector
2 1 8/(3) [1] [1,0]
3 1 32/(5) [1] [1,26,28]
4 2 32/(5) [1,2] [1,26,28]
4 1 64/(6) [1] [1,8,61,45]
4 2 64/(6) [0,1] [1,7,52,56]
4 3 64/(6) [0,2,3] [1,8,61,45]






















4
3.3
.2
4
2.3
.2
4
3.2
.2
4
2.2
.2
4
3.1
.2
4
2.1
.2
1
1
1
1
111
4
1
jj
jj
jj
ee
ee
ee
W
𝑊𝑖 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋.
1
4 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋.
8
4 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋.
61
4 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋.
45
4
𝑖−𝑙
𝑊1
𝑖 = 2,3, … 64
Codebook design parameters for OSTBC in IEEE 802.16e specification.
𝑁 𝑇=4,M=3 and L=64 , 𝑊1

36. OSTBC TRANSMISSION WITH CSI FEEDBACK
OSTBC with Antenna Selection
36
RF chain
Input
OSTBC
Encoder
RF module
selector
𝐻 𝑝1, 𝑝2,… 𝑝 𝑄
Signal processing
(CSI estimation)
arg𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑝1, 𝑝2,…,𝑝𝑞 𝜖𝐴𝑞
𝐻 𝑝1, 𝑝2,… 𝑝 𝑄
𝐹
2
Column Indices
Received signal equation
Q RF modules are selectively mapped from 𝑁 𝑇 transmit
antennas
𝑟 =
𝐸 𝑋
𝑄
𝐻 𝑝1, 𝑝2,… 𝑝 𝑄
𝐶 + 𝒩 , Q<𝑁 𝑇

37. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
37

38. OSTBC’S FOR ONE RECEIVE ANTENNAS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
SNR(db)
BER
1bit/(sHZ),1 receive antenna
Uncoded,BPSK(1Tx,1Rx)
alamouti OSTBC,BPSK(2Tx,1Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,QPSK(3Tx,1Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,QPSK(4Tx,1Rx)
38
Fig 11: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for one
receive antennas

39. OSTBC’S FOR TWO RECEIVE ANTENNAS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR(db)
BER
1bit/(sHZ),2 receive antennas
Uncoded,BPSK(1Tx,2Rx)
alamouti OSTBC,BPSK(2Tx,2Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,QPSK(3Tx,2Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,QPSK(4Tx,2Rx)
39
Fig 12: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for
two receive antennas

40. OSTBC’S FOR THREE RECEIVE ANTENNAS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR(db)
BER
2bit/(sHZ),3 receive antennas
Uncoded,QPSK(1Tx,3Rx)
alamouti OSTBC,QPSK(2Tx,3Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,16QAM(3Tx,3Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,16QAM(4Tx,3Rx)
40
Fig 13: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for
three receive antennas

41. OSTBC’S FOR FOUR RECEIVE ANTENNAS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR(db)
BER
2bit/(sHZ),4 receive antennas
Uncoded,QPSK(1Tx,4Rx)
alamouti OSTBC,QPSK(2Tx,4Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,16QAM(3Tx,4Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,16QAM(4Tx,4Rx)
41
Fig 14: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for
Four receive antennas

42. OSTBC’S FOR THREE RECEIVE ANTENNAS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR(db)
BER
3bit/(sHZ),3 receive antennas
Uncoded,8PSK(1Tx,3Rx)
alamouti OSTBC,8PSK(2Tx,3Rx)
Rate 3/4 OSTBC,16QAM(3Tx,3Rx)
Rate 3/4 OSTBC,16QAM(4Tx,3Rx)
42
Fig 15: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for
three receive antennas

43. OSTBC’S FOR FOUR RECEIVE ANTENNAS
0 5 10 15
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR(db)
BER
3bit/(sHZ),4 receive antennas
Uncoded,8PSK(1Tx,4Rx)
alamouti OSTBC,8PSK(2Tx,4Rx)
Rate 3/4 OSTBC,16QAM(4Tx,4Rx)
Rate 3/4 OSTBC,16QAM(3Tx,4Rx)
43
Fig 16: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for
four receive antennas

44. OSTBC’S FOR THREE TRANSMIT ANTENNAS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
SNR(db)
BER BER performance for Three transmit antennas of Generalized OSTBC
Rate 1/2OSTBC(3Tx,1Rx)
Rate1/2 OSTBC(3Tx,2Rx)
Rate1/2 OSTBC(3Tx,3Rx)
Rate1/2 OSTBC(3Tx,4Rx)
Rate3/4 OSTBC(3Tx,1Rx)
Rate3/4 OSTBC(3Tx,2Rx)
Rate3/4 OSTBC(3Tx,3Rx)
Rate3/4 OSTBC(3Tx,4Rx)
44
Fig 17: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for
three transmit antennas

45. OSTBC’S FOR SPATIAL DIVERSITY 12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR(db)
BER Spatial Diversity 12
alamouti,QPSK(2Tx,6Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,QPSK(3Tx,4Rx)
Rate 1/2 OSTBC,QPSK(4Tx,3Rx)
Rate 3/4 OSTBC,QPSK(3Tx,4Rx)
Rate 3/4 OSTBC,QPSK(4Tx,3Rx)
45
Fig 18: Bit Error Rate plotted against SNR for OSTBC’s for
spatial diversity 12

46. ALAMOUTI & RATE ½ OSTBC WITH
PRECODING
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
SNR(db)
BER
1 bit/(shz) bit rate
Alamouti(2Tx,1Rx)
precoded Alamouti(2Tx,1Rx)
OSTBC (3Tx,1Rx)
precoded OSTBC (3Tx,1Rx)
alamouti(2Tx,2Rx)
OSTBC (4Tx,1Rx)
46
Fig 19 :BER performance analysis again SNR for Alamouti & rate ½ OSTBC with precoding

47. ALAMOUTI & RATE ½ OSTBC WITH
ANTENNA SELECTION
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
SNR(db)
BER
1 bit/(shz) bit rate
Alamouti(2Tx,1Rx)
OSTBC(3Tx,1Rx)
Antenna alamouti(2Tx,1Rx)
Antenna OSTBC (3Tx,1Rx)
alamouti(2Tx,2Rx)
OSTBC (4Tx,1Rx)
47
Fig 20 :BER performance analysis again SNR for Alamouti & rate ½ OSTBC with antenna selection

48. PRECODING WITH LIMITED FEEDBACK AND
ANTENNA SUBSET SELECTION
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
SNR(db)
BER
1 bit/(shz) bit rate
precoded Alamouti(2Tx,1Rx)
precoded OSTBC(3Tx,1Rx)
Antenna alamouti(2Tx,1Rx)
Antenna OSTBC (3Tx,1Rx)
48
Fig 21 :Performance analysis between precoding with limited
feedback and Antenna subset selection

49. FINDINGS OF THE SIMULATIONS
 In higher bit rate Alamouti OSTBC performs better
 Rate ½ OSTBC always outperforms over rate ¾ OSTBC
 For certain OSTBC with constant RX antenna the more we increase TX antenna the
better will the performance
 For same spatial diversity less TX antenna with more RX antenna outperform over more
TX antenna with less RX antenna
 CSI at transmitter reduce the necessity of extra radio equipment's at transmitter and
receiver for attaining better performance
 Precoding using codebook is efficient than antenna selection
49

50. CONCLUSION
 Precoded OSTBC- OSTBC with Antenna selection-Efficient uses of radio equipment's
 Adjust - size of codebook -easily possible to improve array gain - antenna selection
 Alamouti OSTBC as a rate one OSTBC and apply it to precoded system, in future we
apply Quasi Orthogonal Space Time Block codes in precoded system and analysis the
performance in Multi –User MIMO
 In the thesis we have used ML decoding, in future we will focus on Sphere Decoding for
OSTBC and compare the performance with ML decoding
50

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52. THANK YOU
Question please!!!