This document is a thesis that investigates using higher-order statistics (HOS) based on sequential testing for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, especially for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) applications. It first provides background on cognitive radio and discusses common spectrum sensing techniques. It then introduces higher-order statistics and cumulants, which can help overcome Gaussian noise effects and improve sensing reliability. The thesis proposes using cumulants to formulate a binary hypothesis testing problem and develop a low-complexity sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for efficiently detecting underutilized spectrum. Simulation results show the proposed HOS detector outperforms energy detectors by more than 10dB in detection probability for low SNR regimes.
This document is a lab report describing frequency modulation and detection using MATLAB. It includes:
1) Frequency modulating a carrier signal with a message signal in MATLAB and plotting the modulated signal in time and frequency domains using different modulation indexes to demonstrate narrowband, wideband, and carrier-dropped scenarios.
2) Using Simulink to frequency modulate a square wave message onto a carrier signal with a VCO and partially demodulating using slope detection.
3) Generating white noise in MATLAB, plotting it in time and frequency domains, and finding its autocorrelation function.
This document simulates the bit error rate (BER) of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulated data over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, a Rayleigh fading channel, and an AWGN channel with direct sequence spreading, and compares the results to theoretical BER values. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to calculate BER for varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. The simulated BER values closely match the theoretical curves, showing that BPSK and direct sequence spread BPSK perform similarly in AWGN, while the Rayleigh fading channel significantly degrades performance.
The document analyzes the effects of landscape characteristics on avian biodiversity in two small urban parks in Austin, Texas. Through bird surveys conducted in April 2014, the author found that Shipe Park, which contains a riparian corridor, supported a greater number of species (9 total species) and individuals (94 total) than Bailey Park (6 species, 73 individuals), which lacks a riparian corridor. Both parks contained generalist species that thrive in urban areas, but Shipe Park also contained several specialist species, indicating that the riparian corridor provides additional habitat and resources beneficial for urban biodiversity. The author concludes the study provides insight into how landscape features in urban greenspaces influence the functionality of urban ecosystems.
La papelería Antonio ofrece una promoción de 3 cajas de clips por el precio de 1, tijeras de acero inoxidable con un 40% de descuento, y un regalo de tarjetas de felicitación con compras superiores a 10€. Adicionalmente, proporciona su ubicación y horario.
This document is a thesis that investigates using higher-order statistics (HOS) based on sequential testing for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, especially for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) applications. It first provides background on cognitive radio and discusses common spectrum sensing techniques. It then introduces higher-order statistics and cumulants, which can help overcome Gaussian noise effects and improve sensing reliability. The thesis proposes using cumulants to formulate a binary hypothesis testing problem and develop a low-complexity sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for efficiently detecting underutilized spectrum. Simulation results show the proposed HOS detector outperforms energy detectors by more than 10dB in detection probability for low SNR regimes.
This document is a lab report describing frequency modulation and detection using MATLAB. It includes:
1) Frequency modulating a carrier signal with a message signal in MATLAB and plotting the modulated signal in time and frequency domains using different modulation indexes to demonstrate narrowband, wideband, and carrier-dropped scenarios.
2) Using Simulink to frequency modulate a square wave message onto a carrier signal with a VCO and partially demodulating using slope detection.
3) Generating white noise in MATLAB, plotting it in time and frequency domains, and finding its autocorrelation function.
This document simulates the bit error rate (BER) of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulated data over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, a Rayleigh fading channel, and an AWGN channel with direct sequence spreading, and compares the results to theoretical BER values. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to calculate BER for varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. The simulated BER values closely match the theoretical curves, showing that BPSK and direct sequence spread BPSK perform similarly in AWGN, while the Rayleigh fading channel significantly degrades performance.
The document analyzes the effects of landscape characteristics on avian biodiversity in two small urban parks in Austin, Texas. Through bird surveys conducted in April 2014, the author found that Shipe Park, which contains a riparian corridor, supported a greater number of species (9 total species) and individuals (94 total) than Bailey Park (6 species, 73 individuals), which lacks a riparian corridor. Both parks contained generalist species that thrive in urban areas, but Shipe Park also contained several specialist species, indicating that the riparian corridor provides additional habitat and resources beneficial for urban biodiversity. The author concludes the study provides insight into how landscape features in urban greenspaces influence the functionality of urban ecosystems.
La papelería Antonio ofrece una promoción de 3 cajas de clips por el precio de 1, tijeras de acero inoxidable con un 40% de descuento, y un regalo de tarjetas de felicitación con compras superiores a 10€. Adicionalmente, proporciona su ubicación y horario.
Advice on how to write properly a Personal Essay in order to make positive impression on your teachers and make an input in your future. More information is in this article https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/personal-essay-as-the-first-step-to-successful-college-enrollment
Este documento presenta los contenidos de la segunda evaluación. Cubre las propiedades globales de funciones, funciones polinómicas de primer y segundo grado, racionales, irracionales, exponenciales y logarítmicas. También incluye el valor absoluto, funciones a trozos, límites y continuidad. Divide los contenidos en parciales y globales.
The document provides details on conducting a fire risk assessment for a construction site. It outlines the objectives to evaluate fire hazards, likelihood of fire, and consequences. The assessment involves inspecting the site to identify potential fire sources and those at risk, then evaluating the level of risk and adequacy of existing precautions. The assessment also reviews fire prevention, protection, precautions, staff training, and ensures findings are recorded and the assessment is reviewed periodically.
Proper risk management and insurance planning is critical to overall life planning success. Key aspects of risk management include understanding risks like hazards that increase the probability of loss from perils or causes of loss. When considering risks, one should not risk more than they can afford to lose and should transfer catastrophic risks through insurance. Insurance types cover life, health, disability, long-term care, auto, home, and business needs. Scheduling a financial roadmap discussion can help ensure the right insurance coverage is in place.
This study analyzed common errors made by primary students when interpreting and drawing column graphs. The researcher designed a question paper and interviewed students who made errors. Several types of errors were identified:
1) Students did not start the vertical axis scale at zero.
2) Students numbered the spaces on the vertical axis instead of using a number line.
3) Students used inconsistent scales or incorrect labeling on the horizontal and vertical axes.
The interviews found students struggled with starting the vertical scale at zero instead of one, and were more familiar with number tracks than the number line concept. Understanding column graphs is important for students and the public to interpret data representations.
This document summarizes an environmental risk assessment of antimicrobials used in freshwater fish farming. It analyzes the physical and chemical properties, environmental fate, effects on organisms, exposure scenarios, and risk quotients of several antimicrobials. The main objective was to assess the aquatic environmental risk of applying antimicrobials in fish farming. Based on the analysis, risk quotients were calculated and the antimicrobials were ranked from lowest to highest risk to the aquatic environment under studied exposure scenarios.
The document discusses differences between results from MATLAB's built-in PCA function (princomp) and a custom PCA code. The custom code calculates PCA using covariance, while princomp uses a different convention - it takes the predictor matrix with rows as observations and columns as variables, opposite to the custom code. To compare results, the outputs of princomp(X) and the custom code pca1(X') need to be used. Comments suggest checking the MATLAB code for princomp by typing "edit princomp" or "which princomp" to understand the differences between the two approaches.
The document describes simulations of various digital modulation and demodulation techniques using MATLAB software, including:
1. AM, DSB-SC, FM, SSB, PWM, sampling and reconstruction, PPM modulation and demodulation.
2. For each technique, the document provides the MATLAB code used for the simulation as well as plots of the output signals to demonstrate the modulation/demodulation process.
3. The techniques are executed using the MATLAB communication toolbox and involve generating modulated signals, adding noise, and recovering the original signal through demodulation.
The document discusses modeling a 4G LTE system in MATLAB. It provides an overview of 4G LTE standards and features, and presents a case study of modeling the downlink physical layer of an LTE system in MATLAB. Key aspects covered include channel coding, OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, and options for simulation acceleration and connecting system design to implementation through code generation.
An Overview : Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in OFDM system using some ne...Z AL Hashemi
An Overview : Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in OFDM system using some new PAPR techniques (with matlab code)
By
Zainab Saad Hadi AL-Hashemi
A graduate of University of Baghdad, College of Engineering Electronic & Communications Engineering Department
MATLAB and Simulink for Communications System Design (Design Conference 2013)Analog Devices, Inc.
This session will show how Model-Based Design with MATLAB® and Simulink® can be used to model, simulate, and implement communications systems. Attendees will learn how multidomain modeling with continuous verification and automatic code generation can dramatically reduce system design time. A QPSK receiver model will be used as an example to highlight the design flow.
This Matlab code simulates OFDM channel estimation using a PN sequence as a cyclic prefix. It generates transmitted OFDM signals, adds channel effects using different multipath delay profiles, and estimates the channel using three methods: conventional correlation, correlation with two-tap filter estimation, and interpolation of periodically inserted PN sequences. It compares the bit error rates of the three channel estimation methods under varying signal-to-noise ratios.
This MATLAB section of source code covers MATLAB based projects.
Download free source code viz. FIR,IIR,scrambler,interleaver,FFT,convolution,correlation,interpolation,decimation,CRC,impairments,data type conversions and more.
RS encoder,convolutional encoder,viterbi decoder,OFDM,OFDMA,MIMO is also covered.WiMAX,WLAN,LTE source codes are also provided.
Advice on how to write properly a Personal Essay in order to make positive impression on your teachers and make an input in your future. More information is in this article https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/personal-essay-as-the-first-step-to-successful-college-enrollment
Este documento presenta los contenidos de la segunda evaluación. Cubre las propiedades globales de funciones, funciones polinómicas de primer y segundo grado, racionales, irracionales, exponenciales y logarítmicas. También incluye el valor absoluto, funciones a trozos, límites y continuidad. Divide los contenidos en parciales y globales.
The document provides details on conducting a fire risk assessment for a construction site. It outlines the objectives to evaluate fire hazards, likelihood of fire, and consequences. The assessment involves inspecting the site to identify potential fire sources and those at risk, then evaluating the level of risk and adequacy of existing precautions. The assessment also reviews fire prevention, protection, precautions, staff training, and ensures findings are recorded and the assessment is reviewed periodically.
Proper risk management and insurance planning is critical to overall life planning success. Key aspects of risk management include understanding risks like hazards that increase the probability of loss from perils or causes of loss. When considering risks, one should not risk more than they can afford to lose and should transfer catastrophic risks through insurance. Insurance types cover life, health, disability, long-term care, auto, home, and business needs. Scheduling a financial roadmap discussion can help ensure the right insurance coverage is in place.
This study analyzed common errors made by primary students when interpreting and drawing column graphs. The researcher designed a question paper and interviewed students who made errors. Several types of errors were identified:
1) Students did not start the vertical axis scale at zero.
2) Students numbered the spaces on the vertical axis instead of using a number line.
3) Students used inconsistent scales or incorrect labeling on the horizontal and vertical axes.
The interviews found students struggled with starting the vertical scale at zero instead of one, and were more familiar with number tracks than the number line concept. Understanding column graphs is important for students and the public to interpret data representations.
This document summarizes an environmental risk assessment of antimicrobials used in freshwater fish farming. It analyzes the physical and chemical properties, environmental fate, effects on organisms, exposure scenarios, and risk quotients of several antimicrobials. The main objective was to assess the aquatic environmental risk of applying antimicrobials in fish farming. Based on the analysis, risk quotients were calculated and the antimicrobials were ranked from lowest to highest risk to the aquatic environment under studied exposure scenarios.
The document discusses differences between results from MATLAB's built-in PCA function (princomp) and a custom PCA code. The custom code calculates PCA using covariance, while princomp uses a different convention - it takes the predictor matrix with rows as observations and columns as variables, opposite to the custom code. To compare results, the outputs of princomp(X) and the custom code pca1(X') need to be used. Comments suggest checking the MATLAB code for princomp by typing "edit princomp" or "which princomp" to understand the differences between the two approaches.
The document describes simulations of various digital modulation and demodulation techniques using MATLAB software, including:
1. AM, DSB-SC, FM, SSB, PWM, sampling and reconstruction, PPM modulation and demodulation.
2. For each technique, the document provides the MATLAB code used for the simulation as well as plots of the output signals to demonstrate the modulation/demodulation process.
3. The techniques are executed using the MATLAB communication toolbox and involve generating modulated signals, adding noise, and recovering the original signal through demodulation.
The document discusses modeling a 4G LTE system in MATLAB. It provides an overview of 4G LTE standards and features, and presents a case study of modeling the downlink physical layer of an LTE system in MATLAB. Key aspects covered include channel coding, OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, and options for simulation acceleration and connecting system design to implementation through code generation.
An Overview : Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in OFDM system using some ne...Z AL Hashemi
An Overview : Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in OFDM system using some new PAPR techniques (with matlab code)
By
Zainab Saad Hadi AL-Hashemi
A graduate of University of Baghdad, College of Engineering Electronic & Communications Engineering Department
MATLAB and Simulink for Communications System Design (Design Conference 2013)Analog Devices, Inc.
This session will show how Model-Based Design with MATLAB® and Simulink® can be used to model, simulate, and implement communications systems. Attendees will learn how multidomain modeling with continuous verification and automatic code generation can dramatically reduce system design time. A QPSK receiver model will be used as an example to highlight the design flow.
This Matlab code simulates OFDM channel estimation using a PN sequence as a cyclic prefix. It generates transmitted OFDM signals, adds channel effects using different multipath delay profiles, and estimates the channel using three methods: conventional correlation, correlation with two-tap filter estimation, and interpolation of periodically inserted PN sequences. It compares the bit error rates of the three channel estimation methods under varying signal-to-noise ratios.
This MATLAB section of source code covers MATLAB based projects.
Download free source code viz. FIR,IIR,scrambler,interleaver,FFT,convolution,correlation,interpolation,decimation,CRC,impairments,data type conversions and more.
RS encoder,convolutional encoder,viterbi decoder,OFDM,OFDMA,MIMO is also covered.WiMAX,WLAN,LTE source codes are also provided.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.