Migration refers to the movement of people between locations to live or work. There are two types of migration - voluntary and forced. Voluntary migration occurs when people choose to move to places with better economic opportunities or quality of life, while forced migration happens when people are compelled to relocate due to issues like wars or natural disasters. Countries experience benefits and drawbacks from both emigration, where their citizens leave, and immigration, where foreign citizens enter. Benefits include economic gains from remittances or filling jobs locals don't want, while drawbacks involve fewer taxpayers or pressures on housing and social services.

1. MIGRATION

2. Migration: It is the movement of people from one place to another to live or to
work

4. Emigrants: People who leave a country Immigrants: People who arrive in a country
Migration balance: The difference between the number of emigrants and the number
of immigrants
- Poland, Mexico or Mali have a negative balance because there are more
emigrants than immigrants
- United States or Germany have a positive balance because there are more
immigrants than emigrants

5. VOLUNTARY MIGRATION: When people choose to move.
The reasons for moving are known as “pull”:
• To improve their standards of living:
• More and better jobs  Spanish people who go to Germany
• Better public services  People from Ecuador or Morocco who come to Spain
• Improve the quality of life  British pensioners in Spain
• To be with friends or relatives  Family of workers
FORCED MIGRATION: When people have to move.
The reasons for moving are known as “pushed”:
• Natural disasters
• Wars
• Overpopulation  Famine
• Racial, political or religious discrimination
• Decisions of the governments

6. Advantages of the emigration for a country:
More jobs and resources for the people who remain in the country
Decline in high birth rates
Migrants are more qualified when they come back
Most of migrants send money to their families in their countries
Disadvantages of the emigration for a country:
Less people in the working-age group  less taxes
Less people who study  less qualified people to develop the country
The population is getting older  More dependent people and death
rate is higher
Families depend on the money that emigrants send

7. Advantages of the immigration for a country:
Many immigrants work in jobs that locals don’t want
Many immigrants work for less money than the locals
Some immigrants are very qualified for some jobs
Cultural advantages  Multicultural society
Immigrants pay taxes and increase the birth rate
Disadvantages of the immigration for a country:
Immigrants are most likely to lose their jobs in a crisis
In some places, immigrants live in overcrowded places (slums) and the
poverty grows
Some ethnic groups tend not to integrate  Racial tension
Some people from the country are racist and they don’t tolerate the
presence of foreign people  Racial tension

8. HOMEWORK
•READ THE ARTICLE ABOUT MIGRATION
IN FRANCE FROM THE PAGE 146 AND 147
•DO THE ACTIVITIES 1abc AND 2ab FROM
THE PAGE 147