The document discusses the founding and early economies of four original colonies - New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. It notes that New York was founded by the Dutch as New Amsterdam for trading but was later captured by the English. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a safe haven for Quakers to practice their religion freely. New Jersey was established by Carteret and Berkley as a proprietary colony offering religious and political freedom. Delaware's settlement began as a Swedish trading post called Fort Christina. The document also briefly discusses the practice of mercantilism in Europe and the Middle Passage slave trade.