The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and were tolerant of different religions. They had fertile soil and good ports, leading to a strong economy based around farming and trade. The region was founded by the Dutch but later came under English control. It was characterized by its ethnic and religious diversity and became a refuge for immigrants. William Penn established Pennsylvania as a place of religious freedom.

1. Middle Colonies By: Courtney, Brooke, Tatum and Kinsey

2. Climate: Relatively hot Geo: Philadelphia and New York Ports, through the Appalachians mountains (Pennsylvania), hills Soil: Fertile , near the coast Farms larger and more productive Crops: Corn, wheat, maize, rye, barley These together could make bread, milk, and whiskey Major towns: Ports important for trade New Amste rd am Philadelphia (City of Brotherly Love) Geography

3. Founding of the Middle Colonies Founded in 1609 by Dutch Merchants Came to trade furs with the Native Americans Colonist came from Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Scotland, France, Sweden, and Finland.

4. Religion was most tolerated in this region of colonies New Jersey, very diverse religions Religiously- no single religious group dominated Quakers Baptists Anglicans Presbyterians Lutherans Mennonite Dutch Reformed German Reformed Jews

5. William Penn Born October 14, 1644 and died on July 30 1718 in London. Founder of Pennsylvania “The Holy Experiment” Went against society by accepting other faiths into his colony William Penn Founder of Pennsylvania “The Holy Experiment” Went against society by accepting other faiths into his colony Born October 14, 1644 and died on July 30 1718 in London.

6. Primary Source Preface to the Frame of Government by William Penn 1682 Basic plan to how William Penn was going to form the government for Pennsylvania Representative Democracy William Penn’s views and opinions on different types/“frames” of government Beliefs in which governments are founded, managed, and corrupted

7. Politics Representative Assemblies/Government Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware New York Government supported life, liberty, propriety, and equality Relationship with England Local councils Legislatures (both appointed and elected) passed laws for the colony Governor Appointed by the monarch unless proprietary which was by the proprietary Monarch had control over laws and officials parliament passed laws as well

8. Society in the Middle Colonies Became the most ethnically and culturally diverse region in the entire British Empire The Middle Colonies were tolerant of all religions and offered immigrants better opportunities than other regions. Education was scarce and expensive  New Jersey was the only colony to have more than one college: the College of New Jersey and Queens (Princeton and Rutgers).

9. Economy in the Middle Colonies Based on family farms due to the temperate climate  Able to produce more and better quality wheat than New England Exporting wheat became a big point of trade for the Middle Colonies  Philadelphia and New York were two great seaports for exporting goods

10. Works cited “ America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventieth Century.” Religion and the Founding of the American Republic. February 14, 2007. Library of Congress. October 6, 2008. < http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01-2.html >. “ American History Timeline 1600-1700.” History Hotline . 2007. History Hotline. October 6, 2008. < http://www.historyhotline.com/AmericanHistoryTimelines.htm >. Colonial America From Exploration Through the American Revolution” One Nation Under God, Indivisible. September 21, 2000. UsGenNet. 10/2/07. http://www.usgennet.org/usa/topic/colonial/book/index.html Currier & Ives. William Penn’s Treaty with the Indians. 19 th Century. Britannica Encyclopedia . 2008. October 6, 2008. < http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/449992/99929/William-Penn#default > Cusack, Andrew. “James II, Our Catholic King.” Andrew Cusack . October 16, 2006. October 6, 2008. < http://www.andrewcusack.com/2006/10/16/james-ii-our-catholic-king/ >. &quot;Frame of Government of Pennsylvania.&quot; Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . 11 Aug 2008, 22:27 UTC. 6 Oct 2008 < http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frame_of_Government_of_Pennsylvania&oldid=231324003 >. Lapsansky-Werner, Emma J., Peter B. Levy, Randy Roberts, Alan Taylor. United States History. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Education, Inc, 2008. Mac, Maggie. “Overview of the Middle Colonies.” History of American Woman . 3 October 2008. Blogger. 3 October 2008. <http://womenhistory.blogspot.com/2007/12/overview-of-middle-colonies.html>. Mintz, S. “The Middle Colonies: William Penn’s Holy Commonwealth.” Digital History. 1 October 2008. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=684 October 6. 2008. < http://www.seaport.kherson.ua/ >. &quot;Pennsylvania Frame of Government (1682).&quot; American History . 2008. ABC-CLIO. 6 Oct. 2008 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>. Photographer Unknown. William Penn. Britannica Encyclopedia . 2008. October 6, 2008 < http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/449992/99929/William-Penn#assembly=url~%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic-art%2F449992%2F99929%2FWilliam-Penn > “ Religion and the Founding of the American Republic.” Library of Congress. 17 October 2003. 6 October 2008. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/f0107.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01-2.html&h=463&w=640&sz=105&hl=en&start=42&sig2=jKl-Z5Pm-Zt4kReY_XDVEQ&um=1&usg=__raufjo_APpFGu1ZYCCRzjrWX_rI=&tbnid=RvI1LLtBJcfsWM:&bnh=99&tbnw=137&ei=TXrqSOKABZ7GNIj9kZQM&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dquakers%2Bmeeting%26start%3D36%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4DKUS_enUS225US260%26sa% 3DN>. Susan Oliver. “The Middle Colonies.” History Lives. 3/10/2008. Cerritos College. October 6, 2008.< http://www.cerritos.edu/soliver/American%20Identities/making%20british%20america/Middle%20Colonies.htm >. “ Tao: The Middle Colonies Climate.” Exploring the Thirteen Colonies. February 22, 2006. Blogger.com. October 6, 2008. < http://themiddlecolonies05.blogspot.com/2008/02/tao-middle-colonies-climate.html >. “ William Penn (1644-1718).” The Chrisitain History Tudor . Nancy Koester. 2001. Luther Seminary. October 6, 2008. < http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://demo.lutherproductions.com/historytutor/basic/modern/common/quakers.jpg&imgrefurl=http://demo.lutherproductions.com/historytutor/basic/modern/people/penn.htm&h=390&w=520&sz=80&hl=en&start=14&um=1&usg=__DCMhh6D2w34yo3zP451qNj81w8Q=&tbnid=CqR4JhCPdWkWZM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3DQuakers%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us >. &quot;William Penn.&quot; Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . 30 Sep 2008, 21:15 UTC. 1 Oct 2008 < http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Penn&oldid=242083455 >.