Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses into small unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction process is also termed as
Comminution/Diminution/Pulverizations.
Solid pieces of food is reduced by the
application of grinding, compression
or impact forces.
In many food processes it is frequently
necessary to reduce the size of solid
materials for different purposes
spray drying is technology widely used in milk powder and coffee powder manufacturing industry because of its working principle and technology involved..
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses into small unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction process is also termed as
Comminution/Diminution/Pulverizations.
Solid pieces of food is reduced by the
application of grinding, compression
or impact forces.
In many food processes it is frequently
necessary to reduce the size of solid
materials for different purposes
spray drying is technology widely used in milk powder and coffee powder manufacturing industry because of its working principle and technology involved..
The detailed description on theory of dryer, mechanism of drying and stages of drying. Water activity, types of dryers used in food processing industry, concept of osmotic dehydration of foods is discussed.
Its about use of Osmotic dehydration in food processing, its principle, factors affecting OD, advantages and disadvantages of OD process, impact of OD on quality properties of fruits
The detailed description on theory of dryer, mechanism of drying and stages of drying. Water activity, types of dryers used in food processing industry, concept of osmotic dehydration of foods is discussed.
Its about use of Osmotic dehydration in food processing, its principle, factors affecting OD, advantages and disadvantages of OD process, impact of OD on quality properties of fruits
Dehydration process,
Typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transport,
Mostly used for light food required by astronauts, hikers
This presentation looks at the differences between direct-fired rotary dryers and indirect-fired rotary dryers, and covers topics such as operation, applications, and materials of construction.
kiln dry(oven kayu) merupakan mesin pembantu industri kayu yang bisa membuat kayu lebih awet, kuat dan tahan lama.
kiln dryer type conventional banyak dipakai pada industri di jawa dengan skala besar dengan berbagai keunggulan pada hasilnya.
adapun sumber panas yang dipakai bisa dari boiler dan dapur api
Praktikum pengeringan bahan makanan
"Pembuatan Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu dengan Produk Kue Bolu Ubi Ungu"
by : kelompok 1 / JKL REG B / POLTEKKES JOGJA / 2k14
An overview of Keyland Polymer, a global leader in the development, manufacturing, and application of solid materials cured with UV (Ultraviolet) light energy.
Products include UV curable powder coatings and resins, offering an environmentally friendly finishing solution that offers many productivity, performance, and profitability benefits.
Learn more at www.keylandpolymer.com.
Kerone are manufacturing and design the various type of microwave machinery like as Microwave for cereal disinfestation, Industrial Dryers, Industrial Ovens and many More in Mumbai, India.
Performance and evaluation of desiccant based air conditioning system.IJERA Editor
This Project work presents study and experimental analysis of Desiccant based air conditioning system.The main purpose of this project is to increase the efficency of air conditioning system.In the convenstional air conditioning system cooling coli has two load latent load and sensible load. Cooling has to cool the air and simultaneously to dehumidify it.It increases load on cooling coil and affects performance to the system. To increase the efficiency the air conditioning system desiccant materials are used at the inlet of the air conditioning test rig. Desiccant materials attract moisture based on differences in vapor pressure. Due to their enormous affinity to absorb water and considerable ability to hold water. Due to use of desiccant material load on the cooling coil reduces since moisture is absorbed by desiccant; cooling coil has to take only sensible load. Analysis is done using different desiccant materials and based on the observation, power consumption before and after desiccant is calculated. From this conclusion is made that desiccant material improves the efficiency of air conditioning test rig
Kerone are manufacturing and design the various type of drying systems in Mumbai, India.
Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. This process is often used as a final production step before selling or packaging products.
ABOUT US
KERONE now renowned name in serving specialized need of customers with best quality and economical process Heating /cooling and drying products, manufactured in high quality environment by well trained and qualified workforce(special purpose machineries) .
The journey started in 1976 as a small and simple proprietorship firm which was setup to serve the companies of different vertical with heating solution and contribute towards growth of nations. In the year of 1990, KERONE has changed the traditional way of operations and diversified in to High end technical heating and drying system for the specialized need of industries across the world with strategic collaboration and technical know-how with the world’s prominent consultants and industry leaders.
KERONE is pioneer in application and implementation engineering with its vast experience and team of professionals. KERONE is devoted to serve the industry to optimize their operations both economically and environmentally with its specialized heating and drying solutions.
We at Kerone Engineering Solutions Ltd are having more than 4 decades of experience in helping society with best possible technology of heat treatment. Microwave based systems designed and manufactured by us comply to international standards for safety and treatment. Kerone’s microwave systems combines with various other processes such as grinding or crushing or any other processing need combine it makes to compact and automated system. Machineries are designed to align with the local municipal and/or governing bodies rules and regulations.
Kerone.com - In a radio frequency heating system the RF generator creates an alternating electric field between two electrodes. The material to be heated is conveyed between the electrodes
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
2. Role of Agriculture and Allied Sector in
Indian Economy
Largest economic sector, plays a significant role in socio-economic
development of India.
More than 58% of country's population depends on agriculture.
India: largest producer and consumer of tea in the world - accounts
for around 14% of the world trade.
Highest milk production, 2nd largest production in wheat and rice
and largest in pulses.
Also, ranked 1st in total irrigated land in terms of area.
However, potential of Indian agriculture as a profitable activity yet not
realized. Agricultural sector accounted for only 18.6% of the GDP in
2005.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
3. What is drying?
Process of removing moisture in the product up to
certain threshold value.
The oldest method of food preservation.
Fresh vegetables which only keep for a few days, after
drying can be stored for months or even years.
Reduces the bulk weight thus facilitating ease of
packaging and transportation.
May lead to a considerable reduction in volume, thus
reduction in storage space requirements.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
4. Drying Techniques:
Air drying.
Vacuum drying.
Freeze drying.
MW assisted Air drying (MWAD).
MW Vacuum drying (MWVD).
MW assisted Freeze drying (MWFD).
Most Common Method: Air Drying
Drawback - longer drying period and higher drying temperature.
Conventional Drying follows either:
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
5. Vacuum Drying
Removal of moisture from
food products takes place
under low pressure. This
allows drying temperature to
be reduced and higher quality
to be obtained.
Vacuum expands air and
water vapor present in the
food products and creates a
frothy or puffed structure.
Less energy usage and hence
greater energy efficiency,
improved drying rates, and in
some cases, less shrinkage of
the product.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
6. Freeze Drying
Allows nutritional and sensorial qualities to be
retained, together with extreme reduction in weight,
high solubility, long shelf life at moderate
temperature.
Causes less damage to the substance than other
dehydration methods using higher temperatures.
Does not cause shrinkage or toughening of the
material.
Flavors and smells generally remain unchanged.
Expensive and lengthy dehydration process because of
low drying rates.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
7. Here`s how Freeze Drying works
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
8. Why Microwave heating?
Heat isn't transferred to a material. Instead, the
material is induced to heat itself.
General advantages:
reduction of drying time.
lower energy consumption.
high-quality product.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
9. Microwaves
Electromagnetic waves
[ frequency : 300 MHz - 300 GHz]
[wavelength(l) : 1m - 1 cm]
Frequencies assigned for ISM heating:
915 ± 13 MHz
2450 ± 50 MHz
5800 ± 75 MHz
24125 ± 125 MHz
Have both an electric and magnetic component.
Electric component is responsible for heating.
Have some properties similar to visible light.
Can move through space, air, and even materials.
All metals reflect microwaves.
Glass, polymers and ceramics transmit microwaves.
Dielectric materials (Food, wood, paper etc.) absorb microwaves and get heated.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
11. Frequency bands are reserved for ISM applications to
prevent interference problems.
Most commonly used frequency for microwave ovens is
2450 MHz.
Two types of safety regulations:
the regulation concerning the maximum exposure or
absorption of a human - Limit is 1 mW/cm2 body surface.
the regulation regarding the maximum emission of the
microwave equipment - limited to a value of 5 mW/cm2
measured at a distance of 5 cm from the point where the
leakage has the maximum level.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
12. Microwave Drying:
MW drying offers to shorten the drying time
without degradation of final quality of the
dried product.
Food material is heated directly due to
agitation of the polar molecules contained in
it.
Microwave drying utilizes very fast
volumetric heating.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
13. Advantages of Microwave-related Drying:
adjustment of energy absorption level by the wet
products automatically.
possible selective heating of the interior portions -
(microwave focusing effect).
rapid energy dissipation throughout the material.
relatively minor migration of water-soluble
constituents.
lower product temperatures in combination with
vacuum.
more efficient drying in the falling rate period.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
14. A typical microwave oven ( basic components)
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
15. Basic parts of microwave system:
The microwave source.
The waveguide.
The applicator.
Magnetrons – The microwave source
Central electron-emitting cathode.
Structured anode that forms cavities.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
16. For the tube to operate,
electrons must flow from the
cathode to the anode.
Electrons tend to move from a
point of negative potential
toward a positive potential.
The force exerted on an electron
in a magnetic field is at right
angles to both the field itself, and
to the path of the electron. The
direction of the force is such that
the electron proceeds to the
anode in a curve rather than a
direct path.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
The theory of magnetron operation is based on the motion of electrons
under the combined influence of electric and magnetic fields.
17. The resonant cavities take energy from the electrons.
The stored electromagnetic energy can be coupled out by a circular loop
antenna in one of the cavities into a waveguide or a coaxial line.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
18. Dielectric Properties of Foods:
Relative Permittivity,vvvv* = vvvv’ - j vvvv”
The real part vvvv’ is the dielectric constant; the imaginary part vvvv” is the
dielectric loss factor.
Loss Angle, tand = vvvv”/ vvvv’
Amount of thermal energy converted in food is
proportional to the value of the loss factor vvvv”.
Q = 2 f E2vvvv0vvvv”
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
19. Penetration Depth
Depth where the dissipated power is reduced to 1/e of
the power entering the surface.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
20. Other factors also influence how microwaves affect food.
Starting temperature:
Foods will cook faster if the starting temperature is higher.
Size:
Try to include items of a similar size because smaller items cook faster
than larger ones.
Shape:
Regular shapes heat more uniformly, while thinner, narrower portions
of irregular foods may overcook. This extends further to foods of
different heights.
Quantity:
To a point, a microwave oven will heat more efficiently as the load
becomes larger.
Consistency:
Denser foods typically require longer heating times than do open,
porous, lighter density foods.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
21. Mechanism of Microwave Drying
The microwave energy is mainly absorbed by liquid
water present in food owing to its higher loss factor
than other components
The absorption of microwaves results in the
temperature to rise, some water get evaporated
and the moisture level reduces
Internal heating and evaporation of liquid water
takes place inside the food materials and generates
significant pressure
Moisture is pumped to the surface due to the
pressure gradient. The resulting pressure-driven
flow becomes an additional mechanism of internal
moisture transport.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
22. Minor contributions from other factors:
Heating is accelerated by ionic effects (mostly salt content)
and specific heat of the composite material.
In intermediate and high moisture products water absorbs
the MW energy. However, because of their high heat
capacity they tend to heat unevenly.
Variations in electric fields, food constituents and the
location of the food in a microwave oven can lead to non-
uniform heating.
A number of techniques to improve uniformity of
microwave heating, such as rotating and oscillating foods.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
25. MW assisted air drying
Three methods in which MW energy may be combined
with hot air drying:
1) By applying the MW energy at the beginning of
dehydration processes.
2) By applying MW energy when the drying rate begin
to fall.
3) By applying MW energy in the falling rate period(s)
or at low moisture content to facilitate finish drying.
Prevents the shrinkage of tissue.
Very efficient in removing bound water from the
product.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
26. MW Vacuum drying
Result in significantly rapid drying rates. Hence,
vacuum enables the products to be dried at a lower
product temperature.
External heat transfer by convection is, however,
absent in vacuum. Thus, by using MW drying time is
reduced. Results in significant decrease in operating
costs.
This technique is reported to be used successfully for
the dehydration of grapes, cranberries , bananas and
tomatoes, carrots and garlic, kiwifruit, apple and pear.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
28. Dehydration curves of air dried (AD) and microwave
vacuum dried (MVD) mushroom slices.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
29. Drying Curves of microwave vacuum dried Saskatoon
berries at various levels.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
30. microwave vacuum drying at 374W microwave
power level and 67 KPa vacuum pressure.
Before Saskatoon berries before
microwave vacuum drying.
After Saskatoon berries microwave
vacuum drying after microwave vacuum
drying at 374W microwave power level
and 67 Pa vacuum pressure.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
32. SEM Structures of Dehydrated Mushrooms
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
33. Comparison of rehydration ratio of microwave-vacuum
and air dried mushroom slices.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
34. SUMMARY
Electromagnetic energy at 915 and 2450 MHz can be absorbed by water
containing materials and converted to heat.
Advantages:
• Higher drying rate – yield increases manifold.
• Product quality enhancement.
• Reduced energy consumption.
• Lower operating costs.
Limitations:
• High initial costs.
• Product texture affected.
• Requirement of particular sample size.
Combining two methods:
The combination of microwave-vacuum drying and air drying is perhaps the
most obvious option as air drying is relatively cheap, the first unit in the
process chain is preferably an air drier. When it becomes inefficient,
microwaves and vacuum can be used not only to continue the dehydration, but
to create a huge volume of steam, enough to inflate the product and regain
much of its original volume.
KERONE (ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED COMPANY)
35. How we can help you?
If you plan to set-up any Heating System and are confused about its feasibly, we
can help you….
Just mail us your requirements at kerone2007@yahoo.co.in or at
vhpl@bom5.vsnl.net.in
we will reply with our complete techno-commercial quote within 7 to 8 working
days
In case you have any query please feel free to contact us:
OFFICE : B/14, Marudhar Industrial Estate, H.P. Gas Lane, Goddev Road,
Bhayandar (East), Dist. Thane – 401105. Ph:-+91-22-28195820 /
28150612-13-14 Fax :- 022-28186138
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