SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 15
HEAT PROCESSING
USING HOT AIR
A R U N G U P T A
1 5 1 5 0 4
UNIT-5
Definition
 Food processing is the set of methods and techniques
used to transform raw ingredients into food or to
transform food into other forms for consumption by
humans or animals either in the home or by the food
processing industry.
 Items considered food may be sourced from plants,
animals or other categories such as fungus or
fermented products like alcohol
History of Food Processing
 Food processing dates back to the prehistoric ages
when crude processing incorporated slaughtering,
fermenting, sun drying, preserving with salt, and
various types of cooking (such as roasting, smoking,
steaming, and oven baking).
 In 1809 Nicolas Appert invented a vacuum bottling
technique that would supply food for French troops,
and this contributed to the development of tinning
and then canning by Peter Durand in 1810.
Reasons for Heating Foods
 Foods are heated for a number of reasons, the main
one being to inactivate pathogenic or spoilage
microorganisms.
 It may also be important to inactivate enzymes, to
avoid the browning of fruit by polyphenol oxidases and
minimize flavor changes resulting from lipase and
proteolytic activity.
 The process of heating a food also induces physical
changes and chemical reactions, such as starch
gelatinisation, protein denaturation or browning,
which in turn affect the sensory characteristics, such as
color, flavor and texture.
Food Processing Methods
 Food Processing Using Hot Air:- a) Micro wave heating
b)Drying
c)Thermal Processing
Fermentation e.g. in beer breweries
 Chopping or slicing e.g. diced carrots.
 Fermentation e.g. in beer breweries
 Cooking, such as boiling, broiling, frying, steaming.
 Deep frying
 Baking/ Roasting
 Addition of gas such as air entrainment for bread or
gasification of soft drinks
Microwave Heating
Advantages of microwave cooking:
 Food is cooked 2-10 times faster
 Reconstitution of leftovers with their flavour and texture
 Absence of heat in surrounding air and utensils
 Saving electric energy
Disadvantages of microwave cooking:
 Air inside microwave is cool. This produces a surface cooling in
the food-browned
 flavour does not blend well
 Deep-frying eliminated
 Limited to small quantities
 microbial hazard
Drying Using Hot Air
There are three inter-related factors that control the
capacity of air to remove moisture from a food:
 1. the amount of water vapor already carried by the
air
 2. the air temperature
 3. the amount of air that passes over the food. The
amount of water vapor in air is expressed as either
absolute humidity or relative humidity.
.
Drying Mechanism
When hot air is blown over a wet food, water vapor
diffuses through a boundary film of air surrounding the
food and is carried away by the moving air. A water
vapour pressure gradient is established from the moist
interior of the food to the dry air. This gradient provides
the ‘driving force’ for water removal from the food
*Thermal Processing
Thermal processing or Heat processing is defined as the
combination of temperature and time required to
eliminate a desired number of microorganisms from a
food product
Drying Techniques
Effects of Hot Air on Food
 Taste:- Taste of processed food enhances , addition of
different kinds of spices and chemicals increases its aroma
 Shelf Life:- Processed food have better shelf life can last
up to 90 days , depending on type of food.
 Texture:- The texture of raw materials is frequently
changed during processing. Textural changes are caused by
a wide variety of effects, including water loss, protein
denaturation which may result in loss of water-holding
capacity or coagulation, hydrolysis and solubilisation of
proteins.
Effect of Hot Air on Food
 Flavour:- Flavour is a rather subjective property which is
difficult to quantify. Again, flavours are altered during
processing and, following severe processing, the main
flavours may be derived from additives.
 Colour:- For low temperature processes such as chilling,
freezing or freeze-drying, the colour changes little during
processing, and thus the colour of the raw material is a
good guide to suitability for processing
 Nutritional changes:- especially ascorbic acid
breakdown and vitamin losses.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF
HEAT TREATMENTS
1. Level of contamination
2. Presence of oxygen
3. Heat resistance of organisms or enzymes
4. Heat penetration
:-characteristics of the food
5. Packaging material
6. Size of container
7. Sensory qualities desired.
8. Type of food, depending on pH
Methods Used in Hot Air Processing
 Tray dryer
 Kiln dryer
 Tunnel dryer
 Conveyor dryer
 Pneumatic dryer
 Rotary dryer
 Spray dryer
 Drying by contact with a heated surface
Equipment
Bibliography
 http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/en/d/Jt
o01ae/3.1.html
 NPTL lecture notes
 https://moisturecontrol.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/5
/3/53532707/book_ch7-_dehydration.pdf

More Related Content

What's hot

Spoilage of Perishable Food
Spoilage of Perishable FoodSpoilage of Perishable Food
Spoilage of Perishable FoodMunna Joy
 
Quality evaluation of food products
Quality evaluation of food productsQuality evaluation of food products
Quality evaluation of food productsT. Tamilselvan
 
Pulsed electric field
Pulsed electric fieldPulsed electric field
Pulsed electric fieldtrish070892
 
Novel non thermal preservation technologies
Novel non thermal preservation technologiesNovel non thermal preservation technologies
Novel non thermal preservation technologiesRavi Kant Agrawal
 
Principles and methods of preservation by drying
Principles and methods of preservation by dryingPrinciples and methods of preservation by drying
Principles and methods of preservation by dryingRAGHAVENDRA HIREHAL
 
Preservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptx
Preservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptxPreservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptx
Preservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptxSyedRube2
 
Food processing and preservation
Food processing and preservationFood processing and preservation
Food processing and preservationashokbhu99
 
Low temp presentation
Low temp presentationLow temp presentation
Low temp presentationanuladak
 
Freezing ppt p.divya
Freezing ppt  p.divyaFreezing ppt  p.divya
Freezing ppt p.divyaP Divya
 
Preservation by irradiation
Preservation by irradiationPreservation by irradiation
Preservation by irradiationNugurusaichandan
 

What's hot (20)

Spoilage of Perishable Food
Spoilage of Perishable FoodSpoilage of Perishable Food
Spoilage of Perishable Food
 
Introduction To Food Processing
Introduction To Food ProcessingIntroduction To Food Processing
Introduction To Food Processing
 
Quality evaluation of food products
Quality evaluation of food productsQuality evaluation of food products
Quality evaluation of food products
 
Pulsed electric field
Pulsed electric fieldPulsed electric field
Pulsed electric field
 
Novel non thermal preservation technologies
Novel non thermal preservation technologiesNovel non thermal preservation technologies
Novel non thermal preservation technologies
 
Principles and methods of preservation by drying
Principles and methods of preservation by dryingPrinciples and methods of preservation by drying
Principles and methods of preservation by drying
 
Preservation by drying
Preservation by dryingPreservation by drying
Preservation by drying
 
Food Preservation by concentration and dehydration final
Food Preservation by concentration and dehydration finalFood Preservation by concentration and dehydration final
Food Preservation by concentration and dehydration final
 
Preservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptx
Preservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptxPreservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptx
Preservation by Drying and Dehydration.pptx
 
Food packaging technology
Food packaging technologyFood packaging technology
Food packaging technology
 
Food radiation
Food radiationFood radiation
Food radiation
 
Food processing and preservation
Food processing and preservationFood processing and preservation
Food processing and preservation
 
Blanching
Blanching Blanching
Blanching
 
Processing of fruits and vegetables
Processing of fruits and vegetablesProcessing of fruits and vegetables
Processing of fruits and vegetables
 
Shelf life of food
Shelf life of foodShelf life of food
Shelf life of food
 
Drying of food
Drying of foodDrying of food
Drying of food
 
Dehydration
DehydrationDehydration
Dehydration
 
Low temp presentation
Low temp presentationLow temp presentation
Low temp presentation
 
Freezing ppt p.divya
Freezing ppt  p.divyaFreezing ppt  p.divya
Freezing ppt p.divya
 
Preservation by irradiation
Preservation by irradiationPreservation by irradiation
Preservation by irradiation
 

Similar to Heat Processing Using Hot Air Techniques

Pres3. Processing by Application of Heat
Pres3. Processing by Application of HeatPres3. Processing by Application of Heat
Pres3. Processing by Application of HeatYimer Mihretie
 
Food processing
Food processing Food processing
Food processing ARUN GUPTA
 
food_processing-1.ppt
food_processing-1.pptfood_processing-1.ppt
food_processing-1.pptGokulC37
 
Food Preservation
Food PreservationFood Preservation
Food Preservationguest1f0df8
 
Food preservation
Food preservationFood preservation
Food preservationUniversity
 
Food-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.ppt
Food-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.pptFood-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.ppt
Food-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.pptFSBTLEDNathanVince
 
Chapter 1 Food Processing.pptx
Chapter 1 Food Processing.pptxChapter 1 Food Processing.pptx
Chapter 1 Food Processing.pptxSandreWaldenSCSC
 
different preservation principles involved in food processing.ppt
different preservation principles involved in food processing.pptdifferent preservation principles involved in food processing.ppt
different preservation principles involved in food processing.pptsatbirkaur28
 
Food processing, types , advantages , explanation
Food processing, types , advantages , explanationFood processing, types , advantages , explanation
Food processing, types , advantages , explanationwasihaider16
 
Elementary Food Engineering
Elementary Food EngineeringElementary Food Engineering
Elementary Food EngineeringSukhveerSingh31
 
Food Technology - Preservation
Food Technology - PreservationFood Technology - Preservation
Food Technology - PreservationMyt12
 
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrients
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrientsCookery rules and preservation of nutrients
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrientsmanisaikoduri
 
Blanching.pptx
Blanching.pptxBlanching.pptx
Blanching.pptxAnjaliPn2
 
Food preservation
Food preservationFood preservation
Food preservationEzan Zarena
 
Food preservation methods
Food preservation methodsFood preservation methods
Food preservation methodsRinaldo John
 
Meat preservation techniques by Geeta Chauhan
Meat preservation techniques by Geeta ChauhanMeat preservation techniques by Geeta Chauhan
Meat preservation techniques by Geeta ChauhanGeeta12344
 

Similar to Heat Processing Using Hot Air Techniques (20)

Pres3. Processing by Application of Heat
Pres3. Processing by Application of HeatPres3. Processing by Application of Heat
Pres3. Processing by Application of Heat
 
Food processing
Food processing Food processing
Food processing
 
food_processing-1.ppt
food_processing-1.pptfood_processing-1.ppt
food_processing-1.ppt
 
Food Preservation
Food PreservationFood Preservation
Food Preservation
 
Loss of nutrients
Loss of nutrientsLoss of nutrients
Loss of nutrients
 
Food preservation
Food preservationFood preservation
Food preservation
 
Food-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.ppt
Food-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.pptFood-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.ppt
Food-Processing-7-Villanueva-PPT- about food7.ppt
 
Chapter 1 Food Processing.pptx
Chapter 1 Food Processing.pptxChapter 1 Food Processing.pptx
Chapter 1 Food Processing.pptx
 
food_processing-1.ppt
food_processing-1.pptfood_processing-1.ppt
food_processing-1.ppt
 
different preservation principles involved in food processing.ppt
different preservation principles involved in food processing.pptdifferent preservation principles involved in food processing.ppt
different preservation principles involved in food processing.ppt
 
Food processing, types , advantages , explanation
Food processing, types , advantages , explanationFood processing, types , advantages , explanation
Food processing, types , advantages , explanation
 
Elementary Food Engineering
Elementary Food EngineeringElementary Food Engineering
Elementary Food Engineering
 
Food Technology - Preservation
Food Technology - PreservationFood Technology - Preservation
Food Technology - Preservation
 
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrients
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrientsCookery rules and preservation of nutrients
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrients
 
Blanching.pptx
Blanching.pptxBlanching.pptx
Blanching.pptx
 
cooking methods.pdf
cooking methods.pdfcooking methods.pdf
cooking methods.pdf
 
Food preservation
Food preservationFood preservation
Food preservation
 
Food preservation
Food preservationFood preservation
Food preservation
 
Food preservation methods
Food preservation methodsFood preservation methods
Food preservation methods
 
Meat preservation techniques by Geeta Chauhan
Meat preservation techniques by Geeta ChauhanMeat preservation techniques by Geeta Chauhan
Meat preservation techniques by Geeta Chauhan
 

Recently uploaded

(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一
(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一
(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一Fi sss
 
Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...
Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan  Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan  Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...
Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...Authentic No 1 Amil Baba In Pakistan
 
VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130Suhani Kapoor
 
Irradiation preservation of food advancements
Irradiation preservation of food advancementsIrradiation preservation of food advancements
Irradiation preservation of food advancementsDeepika Sugumar
 
Assessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdf
Assessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdfAssessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdf
Assessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdfUMER979507
 
BPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptx
BPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptxBPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptx
BPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptxmaricel769799
 
Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝
Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝
Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝soniya singh
 
Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...
Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...
Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...srsj9000
 
High Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
High Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service NashikHigh Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
High Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashikranjana rawat
 
VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...
VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...
VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...Suhani Kapoor
 
Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...
Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...
Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...dollysharma2066
 
(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Serviceranjana rawat
 
VIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
VIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsVIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
VIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsCall Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
ΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ Ξ
ΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ Ξ
ΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ Ξlialiaskou00
 
Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...
Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...
Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...dollysharma2066
 
Low Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Low Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsLow Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Low Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escortsranjana rawat
 
Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012rehmti665
 
Russian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Russian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service NashikRussian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Russian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashikranjana rawat
 
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130  Available With RoomVIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130  Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130 Available With Roomdivyansh0kumar0
 

Recently uploaded (20)

(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一
(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一
(办理学位证)加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单原版一比一
 
Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...
Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan  Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan  Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...
Papular No 1 Online Istikhara Amil Baba Pakistan Amil Baba In Karachi Amil B...
 
VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Shamshabad Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
 
Irradiation preservation of food advancements
Irradiation preservation of food advancementsIrradiation preservation of food advancements
Irradiation preservation of food advancements
 
Assessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdf
Assessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdfAssessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdf
Assessment on SITXINV007 Purchase goods.pdf
 
BPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptx
BPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptxBPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptx
BPP NC II Lesson 3 - Pastry Products.pptx
 
Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝
Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝
Call Girls in Ghitorni Delhi 💯Call Us 🔝8264348440🔝
 
Dwarka Sector 16 Call Girls | Delhi | 9999965857 🫦 Vanshika Verma More Our Se...
Dwarka Sector 16 Call Girls | Delhi | 9999965857 🫦 Vanshika Verma More Our Se...Dwarka Sector 16 Call Girls | Delhi | 9999965857 🫦 Vanshika Verma More Our Se...
Dwarka Sector 16 Call Girls | Delhi | 9999965857 🫦 Vanshika Verma More Our Se...
 
Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...
Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...
Best Connaught Place Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7...
 
High Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
High Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service NashikHigh Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
High Class Call Girls Nashik Priya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
 
VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...
VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...
VIP Russian Call Girls Gorakhpur Chhaya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service...
 
Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...
Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...
Russian Escorts DELHI - Russian Call Girls in Delhi Greater Kailash TELL-NO. ...
 
(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(PRIYA) Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
 
VIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
VIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsVIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
VIP Call Girls Nagpur Krisha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
 
ΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ Ξ
ΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ Ξ
ΦΑΓΗΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΙΟ ΞΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ ΞΞΞΞ Ξ
 
Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...
Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...
Affordable PriceD Call Girls In Crowne Plaza Greater Noida 8377877756 Short 2...
 
Low Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Low Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur EscortsLow Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Low Rate Call Girls Nagpur Esha Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
 
Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Laxmi Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
 
Russian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Russian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service NashikRussian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Russian Call Girls in Nashik Riya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
 
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130  Available With RoomVIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130  Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Jadavpur 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
 

Heat Processing Using Hot Air Techniques

  • 1. HEAT PROCESSING USING HOT AIR A R U N G U P T A 1 5 1 5 0 4 UNIT-5
  • 2. Definition  Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by humans or animals either in the home or by the food processing industry.  Items considered food may be sourced from plants, animals or other categories such as fungus or fermented products like alcohol
  • 3. History of Food Processing  Food processing dates back to the prehistoric ages when crude processing incorporated slaughtering, fermenting, sun drying, preserving with salt, and various types of cooking (such as roasting, smoking, steaming, and oven baking).  In 1809 Nicolas Appert invented a vacuum bottling technique that would supply food for French troops, and this contributed to the development of tinning and then canning by Peter Durand in 1810.
  • 4. Reasons for Heating Foods  Foods are heated for a number of reasons, the main one being to inactivate pathogenic or spoilage microorganisms.  It may also be important to inactivate enzymes, to avoid the browning of fruit by polyphenol oxidases and minimize flavor changes resulting from lipase and proteolytic activity.  The process of heating a food also induces physical changes and chemical reactions, such as starch gelatinisation, protein denaturation or browning, which in turn affect the sensory characteristics, such as color, flavor and texture.
  • 5. Food Processing Methods  Food Processing Using Hot Air:- a) Micro wave heating b)Drying c)Thermal Processing Fermentation e.g. in beer breweries  Chopping or slicing e.g. diced carrots.  Fermentation e.g. in beer breweries  Cooking, such as boiling, broiling, frying, steaming.  Deep frying  Baking/ Roasting  Addition of gas such as air entrainment for bread or gasification of soft drinks
  • 6. Microwave Heating Advantages of microwave cooking:  Food is cooked 2-10 times faster  Reconstitution of leftovers with their flavour and texture  Absence of heat in surrounding air and utensils  Saving electric energy Disadvantages of microwave cooking:  Air inside microwave is cool. This produces a surface cooling in the food-browned  flavour does not blend well  Deep-frying eliminated  Limited to small quantities  microbial hazard
  • 7. Drying Using Hot Air There are three inter-related factors that control the capacity of air to remove moisture from a food:  1. the amount of water vapor already carried by the air  2. the air temperature  3. the amount of air that passes over the food. The amount of water vapor in air is expressed as either absolute humidity or relative humidity. .
  • 8. Drying Mechanism When hot air is blown over a wet food, water vapor diffuses through a boundary film of air surrounding the food and is carried away by the moving air. A water vapour pressure gradient is established from the moist interior of the food to the dry air. This gradient provides the ‘driving force’ for water removal from the food *Thermal Processing Thermal processing or Heat processing is defined as the combination of temperature and time required to eliminate a desired number of microorganisms from a food product
  • 10. Effects of Hot Air on Food  Taste:- Taste of processed food enhances , addition of different kinds of spices and chemicals increases its aroma  Shelf Life:- Processed food have better shelf life can last up to 90 days , depending on type of food.  Texture:- The texture of raw materials is frequently changed during processing. Textural changes are caused by a wide variety of effects, including water loss, protein denaturation which may result in loss of water-holding capacity or coagulation, hydrolysis and solubilisation of proteins.
  • 11. Effect of Hot Air on Food  Flavour:- Flavour is a rather subjective property which is difficult to quantify. Again, flavours are altered during processing and, following severe processing, the main flavours may be derived from additives.  Colour:- For low temperature processes such as chilling, freezing or freeze-drying, the colour changes little during processing, and thus the colour of the raw material is a good guide to suitability for processing  Nutritional changes:- especially ascorbic acid breakdown and vitamin losses.
  • 12. FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF HEAT TREATMENTS 1. Level of contamination 2. Presence of oxygen 3. Heat resistance of organisms or enzymes 4. Heat penetration :-characteristics of the food 5. Packaging material 6. Size of container 7. Sensory qualities desired. 8. Type of food, depending on pH
  • 13. Methods Used in Hot Air Processing  Tray dryer  Kiln dryer  Tunnel dryer  Conveyor dryer  Pneumatic dryer  Rotary dryer  Spray dryer  Drying by contact with a heated surface
  • 15. Bibliography  http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/en/d/Jt o01ae/3.1.html  NPTL lecture notes  https://moisturecontrol.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/5 /3/53532707/book_ch7-_dehydration.pdf