Microorganisms are unicellular or multicellular organisms that are microscopic. They were the earliest form of life on Earth and exist in nearly every habitat. Microorganisms can be beneficial, for example in food production, or harmful, as pathogens that cause disease. While some microbes like bacteria and fungi have been used for millennia to make foods, others like Streptococcus and Salmonella can cause illnesses. Important discoveries like antibiotics and their producers such as penicillin have allowed humans to combat harmful microbial infections.