Introduction
Structure
Niosomes Vs. Liposome
Advantages & Disadvantages
Properties of Niosomes
Method of Manufacturing
Evaluation of Niosomes
Applications
Marketed products
Introduction
Structure
Niosomes Vs. Liposome
Advantages & Disadvantages
Properties of Niosomes
Method of Manufacturing
Evaluation of Niosomes
Applications
Marketed products
Microemulsion is an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, Cosurfactant and drug.
Upon mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous media, such as gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, the systems can form fine oil in water (O/W) Microemulsions which usually have a droplet size less than 100 nm.
Microemulsion have been successfully used to improve the solubility, chemical stability, and oral bioavailability of many poorly water soluble drugs.
They have characteristic properties such as a low interfacial tension, large interfacial area and capacity to solubilize both aqueous and oil-soluble compounds.
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids.
This will help in find out the difference between micro and nano emulsions. Contain good explanations of their thermdynamic and kinetic stability also ternary phase diagram.
Microemulsion is an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, Cosurfactant and drug.
Upon mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous media, such as gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, the systems can form fine oil in water (O/W) Microemulsions which usually have a droplet size less than 100 nm.
Microemulsion have been successfully used to improve the solubility, chemical stability, and oral bioavailability of many poorly water soluble drugs.
They have characteristic properties such as a low interfacial tension, large interfacial area and capacity to solubilize both aqueous and oil-soluble compounds.
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids.
This will help in find out the difference between micro and nano emulsions. Contain good explanations of their thermdynamic and kinetic stability also ternary phase diagram.
“Emulsion of emulsion”, “double or triple emulsion”
Dispersed phase contain smaller droplets that have the same composition as the external phase.
Liquid film which separate the liquid phases acts as a thin semi permeable film through which solute must diffuse in order to travel from one phase to another – “Liquid Membrane System”
Two types: -
Oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsion system.
Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion system.
Current Compensations in Emulsion Type Pharmaceutical Formulation: An OverviewBRNSS Publication Hub
In modern years, the quantity of medicine and drug treatments has larger extremely which are moderately often more strong. Pharmacy research reveals exclusive data which is growing day by day. Emulsion are important dosage formulation they are continuously used from ancient time. In this overview we discuss the development of emulsion technology also focused on properties of emulsion & formulation methods by different equipment used for this consideration. With different identification tests. Multiple emulsion, Microemulsion, Non-aqueous emulsion, Liposome emulsion, Emulsion polymerization, Nanoemulsion are new trends in emulsion technology.
Microemulsion, Nanoemulsion and Self emulsifying drug delivery systems Pawan Kumar Pandey
Microemulsion, Nanoemulsion and Self emulsifying drug delivery systems and lipidic systems. Difference between emulsions based on the size of the globule. Preparation methods for emulsions used in industry.
In present presentation information related emulsion like definition of emulsion it's types , theories and other information is covered.also it include the information about SMEDDS.
Theories of dispersion, pharmaceutical dispersion (Emulsion and suspension).pptxDipeshGamare
In this presentation Theories of dispersion, pharmaceutical dispersion (Emulsion and suspension) with their mechanism, methods of preparation and stability studies are mentioned.
Microemulsions are clear, stable and isotropic liquids. It is the mixture of oil, water and surfactant with the use of co surfactants. It acts as a potential drug carrier for parenteral, topical and oral administration. The microemulsion is one of the most used novel drug delivery systems for pharmaceutical applications. They show favorable characteristics such as long shelf life, improved drug solubilization and ease of preparation. Most of the novel vehicles are used for sustained and controlled release systems. They are versatile systems that show a wide range of compounds mainly hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. They aimed at controlling the bioavailability of the various drug molecules. The review puts forward the recent development of a micro emulsion based system. Manisha Sukre | Sayali Dhepe | Dr. Vijaya Barge "Overview of Microemulsion" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50106.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50106/overview-of-microemulsion/manisha-sukre
Liposomes by Mr. Vishal Shelke
https://youtube.com/vishalshelke99
https://instagram.com/vishal_stagram
Liposomes
Sub :- Novel Drug Delievery Systems, Sterile Products Formulation & Technology
M.Pharm Sem II
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Introduction :-
Liposomes are vesicular structures composed of a lipid bilayer. These vesicular structures can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and drugs.
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer.
Liposomes consist of Cholesterol, Phospholipid and drug molecule
Classification of Liposomes :-
Small Unilamellar (SUV) [20-100nm]
Medium Unilamellar (MUV)
Large Unilamellar (LUV) [>100nm]
Giant Unilamellar (GUV) [>1μm]
Multi Lamellar Vesicles (MLV) [0.5nm]
Oligolamellar Vesicles (OLV)
Multi Vesicular (MV) [>1μm]
ADVANTAGES
Provides selective passive targeting to tumor tissues.
Increased efficacy and therapeutic index.
Increased stability via encapsulation.
Reduction in toxicity of the encapsulated agents.
Improved pharmacokinetic effects (reduced elimination, increased circulation life times).
DISADVANTAGES
low solubility
short half life
high production cost
less stability
leakage and fusion of encapsulated drug
sometimes the phospholipid layer undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis reaction
Methods of Preparation of Liposomes
1 Mechanical Dispersion Method
Lipid film hydration by
hand shaken MLVs
Micro emulsification
Sonication
French pressure cell
Dried reconstituted vesicles
Membrane Extrusion Method
2 Solvent Dispersion Method
Ethanol injection
Ether injection
Double emulsion vesicles
Reverse phase
evaporation vesicles
3 Detergent Removal Method
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Microemulsion & multiple emulsion
1. Guided By :
Dr. HARISH DUREJA
MDU ROHTAK
Presented By :
AMIT ATTRI
M. PHARMA(IP)
Sem.-1st
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Microemulsion
Types of Microemulsion
Preparation of Microemulsion
Characterization of Microemulsion
Advantages of Microemulsion
Stability studies
Uses
Applications of Microemulsion
3. • Multiple Emulsion
Definition
O/W/O Emulsion
W/O/W Emulsion
Methods of preparation
Evaluation of multiple emulsion
Stability studies
Methods to stablize
Applications
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
4. INTRODUCTION
An emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system
consisting of atleast two immisible liquid phases one of which
is dispersed as a globules in the other liquid phase stabilised
by a third substance called emulsifying agent.
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more
immiscible(unblendable) liquids
In an emulsion one liquid(the dispersed phase) is dispersed in
the other (the continuos phase)
5. MICRO EMULSIONS
“ A micro emulsion is a system, of water ,oil and an
amphiphile which is a single optically isotropic and
thermodynamically stable liquid solution.”
In some aspects, micro emulsions can be considered as
small scale versions of emulsions ,i.e , droplet type
dispersions either of oil-in-water (o/w) or of water in oil
(w/o) with a size range in the order of 5-50nm in drop
radius.
6. TYPES OF MICROEMULSIONS
Three types of micro emulsions are most likely to be formed
depending on the composition:
•Oil in water micro emulsions wherein oil droplets are dispersed
in the continuos aqueous phase
•Water in oil micro emulsions wherein water droplets are
dispersed in the continuous oil phase
•Bi-continuous micro emulsions where in micro domains of oil
and water are inter dispersed within the system.
7. A micro emulsion is considered to be a thermodynamically or
kinetically stable liquid dispersion of an oil phase and a water
phase, in combination with a surfactant.
The key difference between emulsions and micro emulsions are
that the former, whilst they may exhibit excellent kinetic
stability, are fundamentally thermodynamically unstable and
will eventually phase separate
Another important difference concerns their appearance;
emulsions are cloudy while micro emulsions are clear or
translucent
8. PREPARATION OF MICROEMULSION:
Microemulsions were prepared at 27°C by a titration method.
The drug is be dissolved in the lipophilic part of the microemulsion i.e.
Oil and the water phases can be combined with surfactant and a
cosurfactant is then added at slow rate with gradual stirring until the
system is transparent.
The amount of surfactant and cosurfactant to be added and the
percent of oil phase that can be incorporated shall be determined
with the help of pseudo-ternary phase diagram.
Ultrasonicator can finally be used so to achieve the desired size range
for dispersed globules. It is then be allowed to equilibrate
9. Oil-in-water microemulsions were prepared by the titration method.
A mixture of fatty acid and oil was added to a caustic solution to
produce a microemulsion, which was then titrated with a
cosurfactant, an alcohol, until the system turned clear.
It was found that as the chain length of the surfactant increased,
microemulsions with significant transmittances by visible spectrum
could be formed with oils of longer chain lengths.
It was also found that different alcohols affected the formation of
microemulsions in different ways.
The best results, in terms of the greatest percent transmittance
coupled with the widest range of oil (dispersed in water)
concentration, were obtained from short or branched alcohols.
10. Though it has been know that several factors determine whether a w/o
or o/w system will be formed but in general it could be summarised that
the most likely microemulsion would be that in which the phase with
the smaller volume fraction forms the droplets i.e. internal phase.
The surfactants used to stabilise such systems may be:
(i) Non-ionic
(ii) Zwitterionic
(iii) Cationic
(iv) Anionic surfactants
11. Characterization Of Microemulsion :
The droplet size, viscosity, density, turbidity, refractive index, phase
separation and pH measurements shall be performed to characterize
the microemulsion.
The droplet size distribution of microemulsion vesicles can be
determined by either light scattering technique or electron microscopy.
This technique has been advocated as the best method for predicting
microemulsion stability.
12. Advantages Of Microemulsion Over Other Dosage Forms :
Increase the rate of absorption
Eliminates variability in absorption
Helps solublize lipophilic drug
Provides a aqueous dosage form for water insoluble drugs
Increases bioavailability
Rapid and efficient penetration of the drug moiety
Helpful in taste masking
Liquid dosage form increases patient compliance.
Less amount of energy requirement.
13. Stability Studies :
The physical stability of the microemulsion must be determined under
different storage conditions (4, 25 and 40 °C) during 12 months.
Fresh preparations as well as those that have been kept under various
stress conditions for extended period of time is subjected to droplet size
distribution analysis.
Effect of surfactant and their concentration on size of droplet is also be
studied
14. Uses
Microemulsions have many commercially important uses:
Water-in-oil microemulsions for some dry cleaning processes
Floor polishers and cleaners.
Personal care products
Pesticide formulations
Cutting oils.
Pharmaceutical applications of microemulsions Increase bioavailability of
drugs poorly soluble in water.
Topical drug delivery systems
15. Applications of microemulsions
Microemulsions in enhanced oil recovery
Microemulsions as fuels
Microemulsions as coatings and textile finishing
Microemulsions as lubricants, cutting oils and corrosion inhibitors
Microemulsions in detergency
Microemulsions in cosmetics
Microemulsions in agrochemicals
Microemulsion in pharmaceuticals
16.
17. DEFINITION
Multiple emulsions are the emulsion system in which the dispersed phase
contain smaller droplets that have the same composition as the external
phase.
This is made possible by double emulsification hence the systems are
also called as “double emulsion”.
Like simple emulsions, the multiple emulsions are also considered to be
of two types:
•Oil-in-Water-in-Oil (O/W/O) emulsion system
•Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W) emulsion system
18. O/W/O EMULSION
In O/W/O systems an aqueous phase (hydrophilic) separates internal
and external oil phase.
In other words, O/W/O is a system in which water droplets may be
surrounded in oil phase, which in true encloses one or more oil droplets.
19. W/O/W EMULSION
In W/O/W systems, an organic phase (hydrophobic) separates internal
and external aqueous phases.
In other words, W/O/W is a system in which oil droplets may be
surrounded by an aqueous phase, which in turn encloses one or several
waterdroplets
20. These systems are the most studied among the multiple emulsions.
The immiscible oil phase, which separates two miscible aqueous
phases is known as “liquid membrane” and acts as a different barrier
and semi-permeable membrane for the drugs or moieties entrapped
in the internal aqueous phase.
21.
22. Methods of Preparation
Multiple emulsions are best prepared by re- emulsification of primary
emulsion.
The following are the method of multiple emulsions:
Two Steps Emulsification (Double Emulsification)
Phase Inversion Technique (One Step Technique)
23. Two Steps Emulsification
(Double emulsification)
Two steps emulsification methods involve re-emulsification of
primary W/O or O/W emulsion using a suitable emulsifier agent.
The first step involves, obtaining an ordinary W/O or O/W primary
emulsion wherein an appropriate emulsifier system is utilized.
In the second step, the freshly prepared W/O or O/W primary
emulsion is re-emulsified with an excess of aqueous phase or oil
phase.
The finally prepared emulsion could be W/O /W or O/W/O
respectively.
24.
25.
26. Phase Inversion Technique
(One Step Technique)
An increase in volume concentration of dispersed phase may
cause an increase in the phase volume ratio, which subsequently
leads the formation of multiple emulsions.
The method typically involves the addition of an aqueous phase
contains the hydrophilic emulsifier
[ Tween 80/sodiumdodecylsulphate (SDS) or Cetyl trimethyl
ammonium salt CTAB)] to an oil phase consisted of liquid
paraffin and containg lipophilic emulsifier (Span80).
27.
28. POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF DRUG RELEASE FROM
MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
Diffusion mechanism.
Micellar transport.
Thinning of oil membrane.
Rupture of oil phase.
Faciliated diffusion (carrier mediated transport).
Photo -osmotic transport.
Solubilization of internal phase in the oil membrane.
29. EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS
Evaluation can be done by :
Characterization
Average globule size and size distribution
No.of globules
Percentage drug entrapment
Rheological evaluation
Zeta potential
In-vitro stability studies
In-vitro drug release
30. Stability of Multiple Emulsions
Emulsion stability is a phenomenon, which depends upon the
equilibrium between water, oil and surfactant.
Unfortunately multiple emulsions are thermodynamically unstable.
The possible indications of instability includes:
Leakage of the contents from the inner aqueous phase.
Expulsion of internal droplets in external phase.
Constriction or distension of the internal droplets due to osmotic
gradient across the oil membrane.
Flocculation of internal aqueous phase and multiple emulsion
droplets.
Disruption of oil layer on the surface of internal droplets.
Phase separation.
31. Methods to Stabilize Multiple Emulsions
The followings are some of the attempt or studies made to restore
or strengthen the stability of multiple emulsions :
Liquid crystal stabilized multiple emulsion.
Stabilization in presence of electrolytes.
Stabilization by forming polymeric gel.
Stabilization by interfacial complexation between non- ionic
surfactant and macromolecules.
Steric stabilization
Phase-inversion stabilization of W/O/W emulsion
32. APPLICATIONS
Applications in Therapeutics & Cosmetics:
Multiple emulsion systems are finding unlimited uses because of their vesicular
structure with innermost phase closely similar to that of liposomal vesicles and the
selective permeability characteristic of liquid membrane.
In cancer therapy.
In herbal drugs.
In taste masking.
In food industry.
In drug over dosage treatment.
In inverse targeting
33. CONCLUSION
Micro emulsion properties are extremely varied. The extreme
diversity of their practical applications is one consequence.
One of their disadvantages is the large amount of surfactant
required to stabilize them because of the small dispersion size.
Although micro emulsion properties are beginning to be
satisfactorily understood, especially the droplet structure, large
research domains remain to be clarified.
With evaluation of newer techniques of preparation, stabilization,
rheological properties can serves as potential carrier for drugs
,cosmetics ,pharmaceutical agents
34. Multiple emulsions are complex polydispersed systems where both
oil in water and water in oil emulsion exists simultaneously which are
stabilized by lipophillic and hydrophilic surfactants respectively.
The ratio of these surfactants is important in achieving stable multiple
emulsions. Among water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) and oil-in-water-in-
oil (o/w/o) type multiple emulsions; the former has wider areas of
applications.
35. REFERENCE
S.P. Vyas , R.K. Khar. Targeted & Controlled drug delivery: novel carrier
systems , 1st ed. New Delhi: CBS publishers ; 2004,page no 303-303
Micro emulsions as drug delivery system,A.N Lalwani,T.J shah&N.S
Parmar-309
Targeted &Controlled Drug delivery vyas/khar-303
Progress in controlled and novel drug delivery system-nk jain
Advance in controlled &drug delivery A.j khapae&N.K jain-381
Remington the science and practice of pharmacy 21st ed. page no-745
Martin’s physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences 6th ed. Page no-
410
Journals.