Microbial fuel cells
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This document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which use bacteria to convert organic substrates into electricity. Bacteria live in the anode of the MFC and produce electrons, protons, and carbon dioxide as they break down the substrate. The electrons flow through an electrical circuit to power a load while the protons flow through a membrane. At the cathode, oxygen is reduced to water as it combines with the electrons and protons. MFCs can utilize various waste sources as fuel and generate clean energy and water, offering environmental benefits compared to other energy production methods. Researchers are working to improve MFC efficiency and use more types of substrates.
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Microbial fuel cells
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity through microbial oxidation of organic compounds in wastewater. They provide an alternative energy source and reduce pollution by treating wastewater. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, where microbes in the anode chamber metabolize organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. While MFCs have potential benefits, scaling them up from the lab and improving low power outputs remain challenges to practical implementation. Further research on materials and configurations could help optimize MFC performance.
Microbial fuel cells for harnessing energy from wastewater
The slideshow entails principle, components of microbial fuel cells and how it can be used to harness energy from wastewater.
Microbial fuel cell prototype
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity through the metabolism of microbes. The microbes oxidize organic matter at the anode, releasing electrons and protons. Electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, producing an electrical current. Protons flow through a membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen or another electron acceptor reacts with the electrons and protons to form water. This document discusses the operating mechanisms and conditions that affect power generation in microbial fuel cells, such as microbe type, substrate concentration, ionic strength, membrane type, pH, temperature, and reactor configuration. It also describes an experiment using effluent water from a pharmaceutical industry to power a microbial fuel cell without additional substrate or membrane.
Microbial fuel cells
This document summarizes a student thesis on using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to generate electricity from wastewater. The student aims to demonstrate electricity production from wastewater and examine wastewater degradation efficiency when using MFCs. Flat plate MFCs will be used with ethanol wastewater as the substrate and inoculum. Voltage, power, and chemical oxygen demand removal will be analyzed. Previous research showed current densities from MFCs ranged from 0.015 to 0.15 mA/cm2 depending on the substrate, inoculum source, and MFC type. The student concludes that electricity can be generated from MFCs using ethanol wastewater and this study may help improve MFC performance
MIcrobial Fuel Cell Presentation
The document describes an MFC project to produce 1 Watt of power per cubic meter of anode volume. A sediment MFC reactor was designed and fabricated using reclaimed materials within a $20 budget. Testing showed a maximum power density of 0.700 mW/m3. While short of the goal, the design demonstrated ease of fabrication and cost-effectiveness. Suggested improvements could further optimize performance if additional testing time was allowed.
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The document provides an overview of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key points include:
- MFCs use bacteria to drive an electrical current, mimicking natural bacterial interactions. They have two categories - those using a mediator and mediator-less types.
- Since the 2000s, MFCs have started to be used to treat wastewater while simultaneously generating electricity. This produces two increasingly scarce resources from a single process.
- The document discusses the history of MFCs from early experiments in 1911 to more recent commercial applications. It also covers the construction, working mechanisms, thermodynamics, design considerations, and metabolisms of microbes used in MFCs.
Microbial fuel cell.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use microorganisms to convert chemical energy from organic matter into electricity. MFCs operate at near-ambient temperatures using microbes that metabolize substrates in wastewater, producing electrons that are harvested to generate electricity. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, with microbes in the anaerobic anode chamber and oxygen in the aerobic cathode chamber. While MFCs show potential for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment, challenges remain in improving power output and economic viability at scale.
UWE John Greenman Microbial Fuel Cells Future of Renewables Low Carbon South ...
UWE John Greenman Microbial Fuel Cells Future of Renewables Low Carbon South ...The Future Economy Network
UWE John Greenman Microbial Fuel Cells Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science Park 220415Recommended
Microbial fuel cells
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity through microbial oxidation of organic compounds in wastewater. They provide an alternative energy source and reduce pollution by treating wastewater. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, where microbes in the anode chamber metabolize organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. While MFCs have potential benefits, scaling them up from the lab and improving low power outputs remain challenges to practical implementation. Further research on materials and configurations could help optimize MFC performance.
Microbial fuel cells for harnessing energy from wastewater
The slideshow entails principle, components of microbial fuel cells and how it can be used to harness energy from wastewater.
Microbial fuel cell prototype
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity through the metabolism of microbes. The microbes oxidize organic matter at the anode, releasing electrons and protons. Electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, producing an electrical current. Protons flow through a membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen or another electron acceptor reacts with the electrons and protons to form water. This document discusses the operating mechanisms and conditions that affect power generation in microbial fuel cells, such as microbe type, substrate concentration, ionic strength, membrane type, pH, temperature, and reactor configuration. It also describes an experiment using effluent water from a pharmaceutical industry to power a microbial fuel cell without additional substrate or membrane.
Microbial fuel cells
This document summarizes a student thesis on using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to generate electricity from wastewater. The student aims to demonstrate electricity production from wastewater and examine wastewater degradation efficiency when using MFCs. Flat plate MFCs will be used with ethanol wastewater as the substrate and inoculum. Voltage, power, and chemical oxygen demand removal will be analyzed. Previous research showed current densities from MFCs ranged from 0.015 to 0.15 mA/cm2 depending on the substrate, inoculum source, and MFC type. The student concludes that electricity can be generated from MFCs using ethanol wastewater and this study may help improve MFC performance
MIcrobial Fuel Cell Presentation
The document describes an MFC project to produce 1 Watt of power per cubic meter of anode volume. A sediment MFC reactor was designed and fabricated using reclaimed materials within a $20 budget. Testing showed a maximum power density of 0.700 mW/m3. While short of the goal, the design demonstrated ease of fabrication and cost-effectiveness. Suggested improvements could further optimize performance if additional testing time was allowed.
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The document provides an overview of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key points include:
- MFCs use bacteria to drive an electrical current, mimicking natural bacterial interactions. They have two categories - those using a mediator and mediator-less types.
- Since the 2000s, MFCs have started to be used to treat wastewater while simultaneously generating electricity. This produces two increasingly scarce resources from a single process.
- The document discusses the history of MFCs from early experiments in 1911 to more recent commercial applications. It also covers the construction, working mechanisms, thermodynamics, design considerations, and metabolisms of microbes used in MFCs.
Microbial fuel cell.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use microorganisms to convert chemical energy from organic matter into electricity. MFCs operate at near-ambient temperatures using microbes that metabolize substrates in wastewater, producing electrons that are harvested to generate electricity. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, with microbes in the anaerobic anode chamber and oxygen in the aerobic cathode chamber. While MFCs show potential for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment, challenges remain in improving power output and economic viability at scale.
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Microbial fuel cell... Bacteria and it's rule as alternative energy source ... seminar in Microbiology Department faculty of Agriculture zagazig university Egypt
MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS-PPT
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which generate electricity through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. It describes the basic components and principles of MFCs, including how bacteria at the anode convert organic substrates into protons and electrons. The protons pass through a membrane to the cathode, where the electrons from the external circuit also travel to recombine with the protons and oxygen, producing water. The document outlines various MFC designs, microbes, substrates, and applications. While MFCs can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate electricity, the technology still has low power densities and high costs compared to other energy sources.
microbial fuel cell
we presented it in tech-expo in MNIT and it was appreciated well. this shows something that how you can generate electricity using bio wastes..
Microbial fuel cells
This presentation deals with the production of electricity from microbes in a very elementary fashion. Good for those willing to understand how the whole process works, its advantages and mechanism, in a fun and interesting way.
Microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from organic compounds into electricity using microorganisms. MFCs operate between 20-40°C and pH 7 using bacteria like Shewanella putrefaciens and Geobacteraceae to catalyze the anode and cathode reactions. The history of MFCs dates back to 1911 with early prototypes, while the University of Queensland developed a 10L prototype in 2007 to generate electricity from brewery wastewater. MFCs can be used to treat wastewater and produce power, hydrogen, or desalinated water while remediating toxins.
Microbial fuel cell
This document summarizes a study that used microbial fuel cells prepared with freshwater sediments from the Rio de la Plata river to produce electricity. The study examined the relationship between current production and changes in the anodophilic microbial community. Microbial communities from the river sediments were able to produce current densities of up to 22.1 mA/m2. Analysis of the anodophilic microbial communities showed that those attached to the anode in fuel cells with added acetate substrate had greater diversity than those without added acetate.
microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity through bacteria that catalyze the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter. MFCs have three main components - an anode where bacteria adhere and produce electrons, a cathode where oxygen is reduced, and a membrane separating the two. As bacteria respire, they transfer electrons to the anode which flow through an external circuit to the cathode. MFCs can treat wastewater while generating electricity and have applications for powering remote devices, biosensing, and more. However, challenges remain in scaling up designs and reducing internal resistance for practical applications.
Special topic seminar microbial fuel cells
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which use bacteria to generate electricity from organic waste. It begins with an introduction to MFCs and their potential applications. It then provides a brief history of MFCs, describes different types of MFCs and their basic working principle. The document also summarizes several research papers on MFCs and concludes with potential applications of MFCs in wastewater treatment, desalination, hydrogen production, powering remote sensors, and more.
Recent developments in microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an environmental friendly energy conservative technology that not only helps in generating power from waste but also in remediating the environmental pollution. This paper reviews some technological aspects and developments of microbial fuel cells. A brief history of abiotic to biological fuel cells and subsequently, microbial fuel cells is presented. Secondly, the development of the concept of microbial fuel cell into a wider range of derivative technologies, called bio electrochemical systems, is described by introducing briefly microbial electrolysis cells, microbial desalination cells and microbial electro synthesis cells. The focus is then shifted to electroactive biofilms and electron transfer mechanisms involved with solid electrodes. Carbonaceous and metallic anode materials are then introduced, followed by the discussion on electro catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction and its behavior in neutral media. Cathode catalysts based on carbonaceous, platinum-group metal and platinum-group-metal-free materials are presented, along with membrane materials with a view to future directions.
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This document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) powered by the bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens. G. sulfurreducens is able to generate electricity through metabolizing substrates and transferring electrons to an anode. It is able to transfer electrons through protein structures called c-type cytochromes and filaments called pili. The formation of biofilms by G. sulfurreducens on the anode allows the cells to transfer electrons more efficiently through direct contact and intercellular protein interactions. Research aims to engineer strains of G. sulfurreducens that can generate higher currents through increased expression of proteins involved in electron transfer pathways and biofilm formation.
Microbial Fuel Cell Project
The document summarizes a presentation on sediment microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key points:
- The goal is to produce 1W/m3 of power in a sediment MFC within a $20 budget using recycled materials.
- A literature review covered MFC types and research on materials like graphite and biochar. A 50/50 graphite-biochar mix was selected.
- A designed MFC used screen-enclosed graphite-biochar pouches, copper wires, and a voltmeter within a PVC pipe structure. Testing showed a maximum power density of 0.205 mW/m3.
Microbial fuel cells
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that use bacteria to generate electricity. MFCs can be categorized as mediated or unmediated. Mediated MFCs use chemical mediators to transfer electrons from bacteria to an anode, while unmediated MFCs directly transfer electrons via bacterial membrane proteins. MFCs have the potential to generate electricity from wastewater treatment and can be used as biosensors to measure pollutant levels. However, challenges remain in improving catalytic rates, energy production levels, and reducing costs before widespread applications can be realized.
Microbial fuel cell – for conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system that converts the chemical energy in the organic compounds/renewable energy sources to electrical energy/bio-electrical energy through microbial catalysis at the anode under anaerobic conditions. This process is becoming attractive and alternative methodology for generation of electricity. MFC can convert chemical energy directly into electricity without an intermediate conversion into mechanical power. MFC as various benefits Clean; Safe and quiet performance High energy efficiency and It is easy to operate, Electricity generation, Biohydrogen production, Wastewater treatment, Bioremediation .
MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
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Wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell and simultaneous power generation
Waste water contain lots of energy in it only thing is it has to be recovered in a proper way. Microbial Fuel cell is a efficient and energy saving technique in that line.
Lsmfc 2015 pce5271
The document describes treating color industry wastewater using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs convert chemical energy from organic matter into electrical energy through microbial metabolism. The document discusses:
- The basic principles and components of MFCs
- Experimental setup of 3 stacked MFCs treating wool and leather industry wastewater
- Results showing over 90% removal of color and chemical oxygen demand, and increasing current and power output when the MFCs were connected in parallel
- Potential applications of MFC technology for wastewater treatment and renewable energy production.
Microbial fuel cells report
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity from organic matter through microbial activity. They consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane. At the anode, microbes degrade organic compounds and transfer electrons to the anode. Protons pass through the membrane to the cathode. Electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, where they react with oxygen and protons to form water. Ionic strength, temperature, electrode spacing and material affect performance, with higher ionic strength and temperatures increasing power density up to certain points. Microbial fuel cells produce electricity from waste sources while treating wastewater.
Microbial Fuel Cells
Bacteria in the anode of a microbial fuel cell convert organic substrates like glucose into electrons, protons, and carbon dioxide. The electrons flow through an electrical circuit to power a load while the protons flow through an exchange membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, the protons and electrons recombine and oxygen is reduced to water. Key components include the anode where bacteria live, a cathode, an exchange membrane, and an electrical circuit connecting the anode and cathode. Microbial fuel cells operate at mild temperatures and can be used to generate electricity from wastewater while also producing clean water or fertilizer.
microbial fuel cell Thisis propasal
This document outlines a thesis proposal to examine electricity generation from ethanol wastewater using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The study would involve constructing MFCs, treating ethanol wastewater, analyzing degradation products and the microbial community, and measuring electricity output. A literature review found that MFCs can effectively treat and generate power from various wastewaters, removing COD by 30-98% and achieving maximum power densities of 0.2-2.9 mW/m2. The expected results are that MFCs will degrade ethanol wastewater while producing electricity, improving wastewater treatment with a potentially scalable system.
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The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which generate electricity through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. It describes the basic components and principles of MFCs, including how bacteria at the anode convert organic substrates into protons and electrons. The protons pass through a membrane to the cathode, where the electrons from the external circuit also travel to recombine with the protons and oxygen, producing water. The document outlines various MFC designs, microbes, substrates, and applications. While MFCs can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate electricity, the technology still has low power densities and high costs compared to other energy sources.
microbial fuel cell
we presented it in tech-expo in MNIT and it was appreciated well. this shows something that how you can generate electricity using bio wastes..
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Microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from organic compounds into electricity using microorganisms. MFCs operate between 20-40°C and pH 7 using bacteria like Shewanella putrefaciens and Geobacteraceae to catalyze the anode and cathode reactions. The history of MFCs dates back to 1911 with early prototypes, while the University of Queensland developed a 10L prototype in 2007 to generate electricity from brewery wastewater. MFCs can be used to treat wastewater and produce power, hydrogen, or desalinated water while remediating toxins.
Microbial fuel cell
This document summarizes a study that used microbial fuel cells prepared with freshwater sediments from the Rio de la Plata river to produce electricity. The study examined the relationship between current production and changes in the anodophilic microbial community. Microbial communities from the river sediments were able to produce current densities of up to 22.1 mA/m2. Analysis of the anodophilic microbial communities showed that those attached to the anode in fuel cells with added acetate substrate had greater diversity than those without added acetate.
microbial fuel cell
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity through bacteria that catalyze the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter. MFCs have three main components - an anode where bacteria adhere and produce electrons, a cathode where oxygen is reduced, and a membrane separating the two. As bacteria respire, they transfer electrons to the anode which flow through an external circuit to the cathode. MFCs can treat wastewater while generating electricity and have applications for powering remote devices, biosensing, and more. However, challenges remain in scaling up designs and reducing internal resistance for practical applications.
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The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which use bacteria to generate electricity from organic waste. It begins with an introduction to MFCs and their potential applications. It then provides a brief history of MFCs, describes different types of MFCs and their basic working principle. The document also summarizes several research papers on MFCs and concludes with potential applications of MFCs in wastewater treatment, desalination, hydrogen production, powering remote sensors, and more.
Recent developments in microbial fuel cell
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- The goal is to produce 1W/m3 of power in a sediment MFC within a $20 budget using recycled materials.
- A literature review covered MFC types and research on materials like graphite and biochar. A 50/50 graphite-biochar mix was selected.
- A designed MFC used screen-enclosed graphite-biochar pouches, copper wires, and a voltmeter within a PVC pipe structure. Testing showed a maximum power density of 0.205 mW/m3.
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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that use bacteria to generate electricity. MFCs can be categorized as mediated or unmediated. Mediated MFCs use chemical mediators to transfer electrons from bacteria to an anode, while unmediated MFCs directly transfer electrons via bacterial membrane proteins. MFCs have the potential to generate electricity from wastewater treatment and can be used as biosensors to measure pollutant levels. However, challenges remain in improving catalytic rates, energy production levels, and reducing costs before widespread applications can be realized.
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A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system that converts the chemical energy in the organic compounds/renewable energy sources to electrical energy/bio-electrical energy through microbial catalysis at the anode under anaerobic conditions. This process is becoming attractive and alternative methodology for generation of electricity. MFC can convert chemical energy directly into electricity without an intermediate conversion into mechanical power. MFC as various benefits Clean; Safe and quiet performance High energy efficiency and It is easy to operate, Electricity generation, Biohydrogen production, Wastewater treatment, Bioremediation .
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Praveen H M presented on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) which can generate power from waste water. MFCs are bioelectrochemical systems that convert the chemical energy in organic matter into electricity through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. They consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, where bacteria at the anode oxidize the organic waste and generate electrons and protons. The protons flow through the membrane while the electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, producing a current that can power devices. MFCs have applications in power generation, wastewater treatment, biosensing and producing biofuels. However, they still face challenges like low power densities and require further
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The document describes treating color industry wastewater using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs convert chemical energy from organic matter into electrical energy through microbial metabolism. The document discusses:
- The basic principles and components of MFCs
- Experimental setup of 3 stacked MFCs treating wool and leather industry wastewater
- Results showing over 90% removal of color and chemical oxygen demand, and increasing current and power output when the MFCs were connected in parallel
- Potential applications of MFC technology for wastewater treatment and renewable energy production.
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Microbial fuel cells generate electricity from organic matter through microbial activity. They consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane. At the anode, microbes degrade organic compounds and transfer electrons to the anode. Protons pass through the membrane to the cathode. Electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, where they react with oxygen and protons to form water. Ionic strength, temperature, electrode spacing and material affect performance, with higher ionic strength and temperatures increasing power density up to certain points. Microbial fuel cells produce electricity from waste sources while treating wastewater.
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Bacteria in the anode of a microbial fuel cell convert organic substrates like glucose into electrons, protons, and carbon dioxide. The electrons flow through an electrical circuit to power a load while the protons flow through an exchange membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, the protons and electrons recombine and oxygen is reduced to water. Key components include the anode where bacteria live, a cathode, an exchange membrane, and an electrical circuit connecting the anode and cathode. Microbial fuel cells operate at mild temperatures and can be used to generate electricity from wastewater while also producing clean water or fertilizer.
microbial fuel cell Thisis propasal
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Microbial fuel cell.pptx
Microbial Fuel Cell
History of MFCs
How do they work ?
Recent Developments
Introduction
History
Working of Microbial fuel cell
Redox Reaction
Components Of Microbial Fuel Cell
Anode Chamber
Cathode Chamber
Exchange Membrane
Electrical Circuit
Substrates
Advantages
Construction of MFC
Recent Improvements
Disadvantages
Applications
Catalyst Advancements in Microbial Fuel Cells: Pioneering Renewable Energy So...
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MFC is a bioreactor, extracts chemical energy from organic compounds, directly as electrical energy,
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Microbial fuel cells
- 2. Concept Bacteria convert substrate into electrons. The electrons run through the circuit and to power the load. The byproducts include carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
- 3. Components Anode Cathode Exchange membrane Electrical circuit
- 4. Anode The bacteria live in the anode and convert substrate to carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Various things like glucose and acetate can be used. The bacteria are kept in an oxygen- less environment to promote the flow of electrons through the anode.
- 5. Electrical Circuit After leaving the anode, the electrons travel through the circuit. These electrons power the load. The voltage multiplied by the current shows the power.
- 6. Exchange Membrane The protons that the bacteria separated from the electrons flows through the exchange membrane. They recombine on the other side. Can be a proton or cation exchange membrane.
- 7. Cathode The electrons and protons recombine at the cathode. Oxygen is reduced to water. A platinum catalyst is used so the oxygen is sufficiently reduced.
- 9. Video
- 10. Reactions BEAMR Hydrogen evolution reaction
- 11. BEAMR Utilizes electrohydrogenesis, which uses an anaerobic environment to produce pure hydrogen. It uses about one ninth of the energy required by normal electrolysis. It has many different names: Bioelectrochemically assisted microbial reactor Biocatalyzed electrolysis cells Microbial electrolysis cells
- 12. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction The bacteria in the anode separate the protons and electrons. This reaction occurs at the cathode, where they recombine to form hydrogen gas.
- 13. History M.C. Potter first performed work on the concept in 1911 with E. coli at the University of Durham In 1976 the current design was came into existence by the work of Suzuki
- 14. Operating Conditions Function well in mild conditions Operate at 70-100°F
- 15. Uses Beer breweries produce biodegradable wastewater, which MFCs clean. Desalinating water Creating fertilizer
- 16. Environmental Impact If the variety of substrates is increased, waste can be used to create more energy. Instead of big factory manufacturing, fertilizer for farmers can be created with MFCs and common materials. MFCs can be used to desalinate seawater without burning fossil fuels, although not very efficiently yet.
- 17. Efficiency The efficiency varies based on the substrate used, but it can reach very high efficiencies. 91% efficiency has been reached.
- 18. Cost Power density = 150 mW/m2 Volume (MFC): 28 x 10^-6 m3 A/V-ratio: 25 m2/m3 Anode surface area (single chamber) = 7 x 10^-4 m2 Power = 0.165 mW Cost of single-chamber fuel cell: (lab-scale) Toray paper (10x10 cm): $ 11 XC-72 (10x10 cm): $65 Others (perspex, glue, wire): $ 25 Total = $ 100 Cost per Watt = $ 600/mW
- 19. Future More types of substrate Ammonia-treated anodes
- 20. Substrate Currently there is a limit to what can be used as a substrate for the bacteria. Scientists hope to increase these fuel types to include things like sewage and manure.
- 21. Ammonia-Treated Anodes Anodes of MFCs are naturally negative in charge. The anodes can be changed to a positive charge by being treated with ammonia. This will make the anode more receptive to the electron transfer from the bacteria. The energy trade-off to produce this might not be worth the increase in production.
- 22. Bibliography http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/ http://www.engr.psu.edu http://microbialfuelcell.wordpress.com/ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/08010310113 7.htm http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Penn_State_Micr obial_Fuel_Cells_Produce_Hydrogen_from_Waste_Water www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-08/microbial-fuel- cell-cleans-wastewater-desalinates-seawater-and- generates-power http://www.fuelcells.org/info/summer2007.pdf