Michael Enescu gave a keynote at LinuxCon 2014 about fog computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). He discussed how IoT has grown significantly in recent years and will continue growing rapidly, with over 50 billion devices expected by 2020. This growth will produce immense amounts of data that cannot all be sent to the cloud for analysis. As a result, fog computing is emerging as a way to perform analytics and actions closer to the data source using distributed computing at the network edge. Open source software will play a major role in fog computing and IoT, as it has in previous technology shifts, due to its credibility and dominance in development.

1. Michael Enescu
CTO Open Source Initiatives
LinuxCon 2014 – August 21
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 1 1

2. • What is IoT and Fog Computing
• How did we get here
• Where are we going – the “Open” future of IoT
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3. Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 3

4. B2C Smart
Cities
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 4
Industries
Safety
and
Security
Connected
Energy Home
Industry
Innovation:
Business
Processes and
Operations
Networks and
Protocols
Data
Analytics
Control
Systems
Sensors and
Devices

5. Inflection
point
6.8 7.2 7.6
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 5
50
2010 2015 2020
40
30
20
10
0
Billions of devices
25
12.5
Timeline
Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011
50 Billion
smart devices
Adoption 5x faster
than electricity, telephony

6. Information Technology (IT) Operational Technology (OT)
Data Center Campus Branch Plant Field
IoT
6
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7. Compute
• Storage and Compute declining faster
• Network scales very differently than compute
Sensors will evolve faster than bandwidth
Distributed computing more compelling over time
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• Data gravity?
Storage
Network
Moore’s and Nielsen’s predictions hold

8. Mainframe -> Client-Server
Dedicated compute loads
Fixed, role based model
Centralized -> Decentralized
Client-Server-> Cloud
On-Demand, XaaS, AAA
Easier ops model, new apps
Decentralized -> Centralized
Cloud -> Fog / IoT
New PIN’s, improved protocols
New devices, P2P, M2M
1st 2nd 3rd
Moore Nielsen Prediction
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 8
Power + compute reach AAA
Centralized -> Decentralized

9. 46 million smart meters in the U.S alone 1.1 billion data points (.
5TB) / day
A single consumer packaged good manufacturing machine
generates 13B data samples/day
A large offshore field produces 0.75TB data/week
A jet engine produces 20TB flight data/hour
90% of the world’s data created in last 2 years
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 9

10. ACTION
SENSORS
DATA
IoT Traffic will grow at 82% CAGR through 2017*
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 10

11. • Networking is changing
50B+ Devices coming – Immense amount of data
No longer about “data transport”
Moving to “intelligence about data”: Understanding and taking actions
• Analytics are changing
Massive data => can not move data fast enough to analytics => move analytics to the data
Real-time actions => processing compute closer to the source
Next: Two important analytics related technology trends
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 11

12. Network Compute Storage
Unified Platform
CLOUD
STORE ANALYZE ACT NOTIFY
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 12

13. Network Compute Storage
Unified Platform
EDGE CLOUD
ANALYZE NOTIFY ACT STORE
Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 13

14. Cloud
Service Mobility
Ability to migrate a running instance from cloud to edge
Fog Nodes can be multi-tenant
Shared, public or private (like cloud)
Mixed ownership & operation
Single entity, federation of agencies
North/South Flows Fog East/West Flows
Highly virtualized environment
Secured & isolated tenants, QoS, workload distribution
Device/Smart Object
Fog is the distributed, hierarchically
organized platform where the Internet
meets the physical world at M2M scale
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15. Future data predicted
• Data from a sensor exhibits a consistent pattern over
time intervals
Analytics, Prediction, Real Time Action
• Data at the edge (data in motion), moves to the core
(data at rest) over time
Tf
Time
Present
Adaptive Systems, Machine Learning, Optimization Real Time Data – Sensors/Edge
Achieved data – Gateway/Server
Achieved data – DC/Cloud
T1
T2
T3
……
Compare
Correction
Model
Prediction
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Input
Output

16. Industry Segment Type of Savings
Estimated Value Over
15 Years
(Billion nominal USD)
Aviation Commercial 1% fuel savings $30B
Power Gas-fired Generation 1% fuel savings $66B
Healthcare System-wide 1% Reduction in System
Inefficiency $63B
Rail Freight 1% Reduction in System
Inefficiency $27B
Oil & Gas Exploration &
Development
1% Reduction in Capital
Expenditures $90B
Total $276B
Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines” GE, Nov 26, 2012
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17. • Like its Cloud predecessor, IoT will be mostly open source
• Devices:
Core, Access, Gateway – mostly Open Source
Edge – vectoring fast on Open Source
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• Network:
Core, Access, Gateway – Internet, all Open Source
Edge – consolidation of protocols, renewed emphasis on robustness, security, privacy
• New Applications and Services
Data Gravity – applications come to data (not the old/other way) – either open or closed
… guess who will win?
… and just like in the early days of the dot com
The emergence of the new breed of SPs – existential dilemma of the aging utility model

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19. • New, IoT specific SP’s will emerge
• All IoT Software will be Open Source
• Why?
Open Source = Credibility
Open Source dominates Development
Open Source dominates Virtualization and Cloud – Fog (as an extension of it) is no exception
• And where is Open Source already in the Internet of Things?
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20. Everywhere!
michael@enescu.net
@michaelenescu
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