This document discusses magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. MHD power generation directly converts heat energy into electrical energy using a conducting fluid, such as gas or liquid metal, flowing through a magnetic field. It has several advantages over conventional power generation, including higher efficiency of around 50%, larger power output, no moving parts, and reduced pollution. MHD systems can be open or closed cycle, and generate power at temperatures from 1500-2500K. However, efficiency is reduced by energy losses through the fluid and system components.

1. MAGNETO HYDRO
DYNAMIC(MHD)POWER GENERATION
Prepared by: En no:
Mohmedjamil 090190105074
Yadav balram 090190105072
Vasani uday 090190105065
Mehta vinod 090190105068
Kakdiya piyush 090190105071
Patel mehul 090190105070

2. INTRODUCTION
 What is MHD?
 MHD power generation is a new system of electric
power generation.
 This technique is of high efficiency and low
pollution.
 It is concerned with the flow of a conducting fluid
in presence of Magnetic & Electric field.
 Fluid may be Gas or liquid metal like-sodium or
potassium.

3.  What is MHD generator ?
 It is a device for converting heat energy of a
fuel(Fossil) directly into electrical energy without a
conventional generator.
 In system, MHD converter system is a heat engine.
 Here heat is taken up at a higher temperature is partly
converted into useful (electrical)work & the remainder
is rejected at a low temperature.
 It design outputs of the order of 1000 MW.

4.  Principal of MHD Power Generation
 The principle of MHD generation is simply that
discovered by Faraday :
”when an electric conductor moves across a magnetic
field, a voltage is induced in it which produces an electric
current”.
 In MHD generator, the solid conductors are replaced by a
gaseous conductor; an ionized gas.

5.  What is (MHD) energy conversion ?
 The movement of a conducing fluid through a
magnetic field may also employed for electric energy
conversion when a fluid is used, this technique is
called MHD, energy conversion.
 Conversion occur by flow of electrical conducing
fluid, usually a gas or a gas liquid combination,
through a stationary magnetic field.

6. Several factor Reducing the efficiency of
converter. They are:
i. Dissipation of energy in the internal resistance of the
ionized gas.
ii. A space charge barrier at the electrode surface.
iii. Heat transfer through the electrode the electrode & insulator
walls.
iv. Various losses associated fluid with fluid friction etc.

7.  Classification of MHD Systems
The MHD systems can be classified broadly as follows:
 Open cycle systems.
 Closed cycle systems.
 This may be further sub classified as:
 Seeded inert gas systems &
 Liquid metal system.

8. COMPARISON BETWEEN MHD SYSTEMS
Open Cycle system
 The working fluid is used on the once through basis.
 Working fluid is after generating electrical energy is
discharged to atmosphere through a stack.
 The working fluid is Air. Also oil or gasified coal or hot
gases can be used as working fluid.
 Higher working temperature & better thermal efficiency
is possible.
 It provide power conversion at high temperature at 2500
K.

9. Closed cycle system
 The working fluid is continuously re-circulated.
 The discharged working fluid is reheated & returned to the
converter.
 Helium & Argon is used as working fluid.
 Thermal efficiency is less as compare .
 It provide more useful power conversion at low temperature at
1900 K.

10. Advantage of MHD system
 The conversion efficiency of an MHD system can be
around 50% as compare to less than 40% for most
efficient steam plant.
 Large amount of power is generated.
 It has no moving parts so more reliable.
 It has ability to reach the full power level as soon as
started.

11.  The closed cycle system produces power free of pollution.
 The size of plant is considerably smaller than conventional
fossil fuel.
 Overall Operational cost in MHD plant would be about 20%
less than in conventional power plant.
 Direct conversion of heat into electricity permit eliminate of
turbine & boiler.
 Permit better fuel utilization.

12.  Non-conventional energy sources
(g.d rai)
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