mfc.pptx
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Microbial fuel cells use bacteria to convert bio-waste into electricity, addressing issues of fuel and waste. The bacteria in the anode chamber of the fuel cell oxidize bio-waste and transfer electrons to the anode. A membrane separates the anode and cathode chambers. At the cathode, oxygen, electrons and protons combine to form water. While power densities as high as 2.15 kW/m3 have been achieved, more research is needed before microbial fuel cells can be implemented industrially for sustainable waste treatment and energy production.
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Microbial fuel cell... Bacteria and it's rule as alternative energy source ... seminar in Microbiology Department faculty of Agriculture zagazig university Egypt
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2) MFCs were first discovered in 1911 and research continued through the 1980s to develop different types of MFCs and understand electron transfer mechanisms.
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This document summarizes a microbial fuel cell project. Microbial fuel cells generate electricity through the metabolic activity of microorganisms. They have potential for producing renewable bioelectricity from organic waste. The document outlines the history of microbial fuel cells, how they work, their components like the anode and cathode chambers, and substrates used. It discusses electron transfer mechanisms and recent improvements to increase efficiency. While microbial fuel cells show promise, their power density and costs need to improve for commercial viability.
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The document discusses the effect of variable microorganisms on the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). It begins with an introduction explaining the need for renewable energy sources due to depleting fossil fuel reserves. It then provides background on MFCs, describing them as bioelectrochemical systems that generate electricity via microbes metabolizing organic substrates. The document outlines the basic components and functioning of MFCs. It discusses various microbe species used in MFCs and different MFC designs. It also covers types of MFCs like mediator-based vs mediator-free and sediment MFCs. Finally, it lists some potential applications of MFCs in areas like wastewater treatment and biosensing.
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Microbial fuel cell.pptx
Microbial Fuel Cell
History of MFCs
How do they work ?
Recent Developments
Introduction
History
Working of Microbial fuel cell
Redox Reaction
Components Of Microbial Fuel Cell
Anode Chamber
Cathode Chamber
Exchange Membrane
Electrical Circuit
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Advantages
Construction of MFC
Recent Improvements
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Applications
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Microbial fuel cell.pptx
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History of MFCs
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Exchange Membrane
Electrical Circuit
Substrates
Advantages
Construction of MFC
Recent Improvements
Disadvantages
Applications
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The genetic code is a triplet code where each group of three nucleotides (codon) in mRNA specifies a single amino acid in the resulting polypeptide. The genetic code is almost universal across organisms, with 61 codons specifying 20 standard amino acids and 3 codons acting as termination signals. It exhibits several key properties including being comma-free, non-overlapping, degenerate, and containing start and stop signals. Wobble can occur in the third position of the codon-anticodon pairing to allow some redundancy.
viral dna.ppt
Viruses contain genetic material surrounded by a protein capsid. They rely on host cells for replication and typically infect specific cell types of one host species. A viral genome can be DNA or RNA, single or double stranded, and circular or linear in size. Viruses enter host cells, hijack their machinery to produce viral components, and assemble new viral particles which are then released to infect more cells through either a lytic or lysogenic pathway.
F-NUCLEOSOMES.ppt
Human DNA must be highly compressed to fit inside the nucleus. It achieves this by wrapping around proteins called nucleosomes, which act as spools. Each nucleosome contains an octamer of histone proteins around which 147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped. Multiple nucleosomes then coil further to form a 30nm fiber. This fiber is attached to a scaffold of RNA and proteins, forming loops that allow for further compaction of the DNA into chromosomes. The positioning of centromeres divides chromosomes into metacentric, submetacentric and acrocentric types in humans.
lampbrush chr.ppt
Polytene chromosomes are large chromosomes found in secretory cells like salivary glands that contain thousands of identical DNA strands aligned in parallel. This gives them a banded appearance with dark bands and clear interbands when viewed under a microscope. The bands represent regions of condensed and transcriptionally active DNA. B chromosomes are nonessential supernumerary chromosomes that are found in some populations but not others and can provide adaptive advantages in some species and environments.
polyploidy ..ppt
The document discusses euploidy, or changes in the number of sets of chromosomes, in animals and plants. It notes that while most animal species are diploid, some natural variations exist, including polyploidy in certain tissues and endopolyploidy. Polyploidy is more common and tolerated in plants, with 30-35% of ferns and flowering plants being polyploid. Examples are given of polyploid crops like wheat, cotton, and strawberries that are important agricultural products.
Micro RNA.ppt
This document discusses two topics: microRNAs and alternative splicing.
For microRNAs: Computational methods are used to predict microRNA genes by looking for evolutionarily conserved sequences that can form stem-loop hairpin structures. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA.
For alternative splicing: Splicing of pre-mRNA can result in different mRNA and protein isoforms through various combinations of exons. Bioinformatics methods aim to identify alternative splice variants by comparing cDNA and genomic sequences and analyzing microarray data. Splice graphs can model alternative splicing pathways.
stress proteins and cancer.ppt
This document discusses heat shock proteins and their relationship to cancer. Heat shock proteins help cells cope with stress and prevent protein damage. Studies show they play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. Current research proposes investigating if plant extracts like Echinacea increase heat shock proteins in breast cancer cells. Understanding this relationship could help develop more effective cancer treatments. Further research on Echinacea's effects may provide insights into a possible cure for breast cancer.
DNA Structure.ppt
DNA consists of a double helix structure made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate, pentose sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine. The bases bond specifically with each other - adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. The sequence of these base pairs encodes genetic information.
self incompatability.ppt
Self-incompatibility is a plant's inability to set seed when self-pollinated due to morphological, genetic, physiological or biochemical causes controlled by the multi-allelic S locus. It is classified based on flower morphology, genes involved, site of expression, and pollen cytology. Two main types are distyly found in primula, controlled by two S alleles, and tristyly found in lythrum, controlled by S and M genes determining three style positions. Self-incompatibility prevents self-fertilization by arresting pollen tube growth when the pollen and pistil share the same S allele.
modes of reproduction and apomixis.ppt
This document discusses different modes of reproduction in living organisms, including sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, and their sub-types. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce offspring, while asexual reproduction does not. Some key sub-types are vegetative reproduction, apomixis (reproduction without fertilization), and gametophytic apomixis which allows embryo development without meiosis or fertilization. The document also notes the significance of different reproductive modes for plant breeding and genome evolution.
Introduction to Genetics.ppt
Genetics and Heredity defines key genetic terminology such as genes, alleles, chromosomes, loci, and inheritance. It discusses how Gregor Mendel conducted early experiments breeding pea plants over generations to develop the laws of inheritance and establish the foundations of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete factors, now known as genes, located on chromosomes. His work showed that some traits are dominant over others and that segregation and independent assortment of alleles allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring.
plant breeding.ppt
This document provides an overview of a course on basic plant breeding techniques. The course objectives are to understand how breeders meet breeding goals, learn classical and modern breeding methods, and see examples of genetics' importance in modern breeding. Key learning outcomes are to understand plant breeding developments, basics of genetics, and breeding concepts. The document then discusses the history and milestones of plant breeding, achievements in various crops, activities in plant breeding like creation of variation and selection, and breeding objectives like increasing yield and improving quality. It also covers concepts of centers of origin and diversity first proposed by Vavilov.
inheritance autosomal and sex linked.ppt
This document summarizes different patterns of inheritance including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and Y-linked traits. It describes the key characteristics of each type of inheritance such as affected family members, chance of passing the trait to offspring, and examples of related genetic disorders.
sex determination.ppt
Sex determination in animals can occur through homogametic or heterogametic sex determination. In homogametic sex determination, the presence of a Y chromosome determines maleness in mammals and fish. In heterogametic sex determination, the presence of a second X chromosome determines femaleness in fruit flies, while the presence of two Z chromosomes determines maleness in birds, amphibians, and reptiles. For insects like grasshoppers and plants, the female is XX and the male is XO. In fruit flies, sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes, and the inactive X chromosome is inactivated through a process where Xist expression coats the inactive X chromosome in RNA
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Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
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Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsThe binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
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concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
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Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
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2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
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Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Recently uploaded (20)
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
mfc.pptx
- 1. NEED OF MFC(MICROBIAL FUEL CELL): . •Two very great issues are daunting scientists today-the fuel crisis and bio waste disposal • The answer to both these problems may be provided by our planet's smallest creatures : bacteria. •'Microbial Fuel Cell' (MFC) can help convert bio-waste into electricity
- 2. MICROBIAL FUEL CELL: • Microbial Fuel cell is bio-electrochemical fuel cell where the anode reaction is controlled by microorganisms. 'Anode respiratory bacteria' have the ability to convert bio-waste to electrons.
- 3. COMPONENTS OF MFC •Anode compartment where fuel is oxidized by bacteria which generates free electrons and H30+ •A membrane that separates Anode and Cathode and allows flow of H3O+ •An external circuit helps transfer of electrons from anode to cathode
- 4. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF MFC • When bacteria are placed in the anode chamber of a specially- designed fuel cell that is free of oxygen, they attach to an electrode. • Because they do not have oxygen, they must transfer the electrons that they obtain from consumption (oxidation) of their food somewhere else than to oxygen-- they transfer them to the electrode. • In a MFC these electrons therefore go to the anode, while the counter electrode (the cathode) is exposed to oxygen. At the cathode the electrons, oxygen and protons combine to form only water. The two electrodes are at different potentials (about 0.5 V)
- 5. WORKING DIAGRAM OF MFC Anode Reaction: C12H22O11 + 13H2O ---> 12CO2 + 48H+ + 48e- Cathode Reaction: 4H+ + O2 + 4e- 2H2O
- 6. POWER DENSITIES AVAILABLE: • Power densities as high as 1.55 kW/m3 have been produced using very small (2.5 mL) air-cathode MFCs • An even higher power density of 2.15 kW/m3 was generated • using an even smaller 0.335-mL MFC with a membrane and • a ferricyanide solution, by using a disproportionately sized • cathode surface area of 1,920 m2/m3 (16 times the area of • the anode)
- 7. SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT: • The great advantage of the microbial fuel cell is the direct conversion of organic waste into electricity. • In the future, MFC’s may be linked to municipal waste streams or sources of agricultural and animal waste, providing a sustainable system for waste treatment and energy production. • MFCs are far from making a industrial debut soon. Better research can definitely speedup this process
- 8. PROTOYPE
Editor's Notes
- Microbial Fuel Cell: