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1. Metals and Alloys
Used in Musical Instruments
Of
Jammu & Kashmir
By Vamsi Madhavan P IX E

2. Upcoming…
What are Metals?
What are Alloys?
Difference between Metals and
Alloys
Musical Instrument of Jammu &
Kashmir and What they are made of?

3. What are Metals? What type of Metals are used for
Musical Instruments?
 A type of solid substance that is usually hard and shiny and that heat and
electricity can travel through.
 Brass, Brass is used for manufacturing musical instruments as it is a malleable
metal with excellent acoustic properties. It is primarily made up of Copper and
Zinc and the proportions in which these are used affects the type of brass alloy
produced.
Iron

4. What are Alloys? What type of Alloys are used for
Musical Instruments?
 A metal made by mixing two types of metal together is called Alloy
 Most used materials for the triangle are Steel, Aluminum, High quality Bronze
Alloys and Copper–Beryllium Alloys.
High quality Bronze
Copper–Beryllium Alloys

5. Difference between Metals & Alloys
Metal Alloy
Definition Metal is a material that has metallic
properties
Alloy is a substance which has two or more
components mixed with a metal
Purity A pure substance Contains more two or more components as a
mixture
Formation Some metals occur in the pure form while
we need to perform refining other metals
By adding small percentage of other metal
or non-metals to a metal
Occurrence Pure metals occur in nature Man-made materials
Reactions Most of the times, easily react with air
and water
Don’t react with air and water easily

6. Santoor
A trapezoid wooden box, 120 steel strings, stretched on 30 wooden
bridges in sets of four on each bridge. Bridges are arranged in a set
of fifteen on each side. Struck by bamboo mallets. It is placed on a
triangular wooden stand while playing. Used in traditional music of
Kashmir called Sufiana Qalam. Has now acquired an important
place as a classical music instrument.

7. Sitar
Material : Wood, tunwood, metal, gourd, chikari
A premier plucked lute of North Indian classical music. It can be divided into
two parts, a gourd resonator covered with a thin wooden plank and a long neck
cum fingerboard with a rectangular peg box at the top. Made of high quality
‘Toon’ wood, the finger board is attached with the gourd. There are five main
playing strings and two Chikari strings of steel and brass, of different gauge,
tied to a string holder with ivory teeth fixed at the extreme end of the gourd.

8. Noot
Material: Clay, lacquer, metal
A pitcher made of baked clay. The upper half is lacquer painted depicting folk
motifs. While playing, placed on lap or on the ground, on a small ring and
played with fingers of both hands. Used for rhythmic accompaniment along
with Rabab and Sitar in Sufiana Qalam and other devotional and traditional
musical forms of Kashmir.

9. Rabab
Material: Wood, parchment, steel
A partially fretted plucked instrument. Made out of a single block of wood. Skin
covered resonator, having side depressions; a long narrow fingerboard with an
arched peg box. Six main playing strings & gut and eleven sympathetic steel
strings plucked with the help of plectrum held in right hand. Used in
‘Chakkari’, ‘Sufiyana Qalam’ and other folk forms of Kashmir.

10. Conclusion
 Music has ancient roots in
Jammu and Kashmir. The music
of Kashmir signifies cultural
glory and not just mere
ornamentation or
entertainment, but as an
intrinsic part of heritage.
Kashmir holds a history of
traditional musical instruments
which became the soul of
Kashmiri Music.

11. Thank You