The document summarizes several notable historical buildings and structures in India, including their architectural features. It discusses the Qutub Minar, which was built in Delhi in the 13th century. It also mentions temples like the Kandariya Mahadeva temple and Rajarajeshwara temple, noting architectural details like their tall shikhara towers. Additionally, it provides information about mosques like the Jama Masjid in Delhi and describes imperial Mughal structures like Humayun's Tomb and the Taj Mahal, highlighting their use of formal garden (char bagh) designs.

1. Rulers and buildings Qutub minar

2. Rulers and buildings
In this chapter we will discuss about a few
buildings and temples along with their
architecture and engineering skills.
The buildings are Qutub Minar, Jama
masjid, temples like Kandariya Mahadeva,
Rajarajeshwara temple, and Golden

3. It is a five storeys
high minaret
•This is the first
balcony-which was
constructed by
Qutbuddin Aybak. The
remaining flours was
completed by Iltutmish
around 1229
•Over the years it was
damaged by
earthquakes and

4. Engineering skills and
construction
Superstructure is the part of the building
above the ground floor.
Roofs, doors and windows were made by
placing a horizontal beam across two vertical
columns, a style of architecture called
trebeate or corbelled

5. KandariyaMahadeva
temple
• This is the largest and most beautiful Hindu
temple in the medieval period. This type of
temple group are found at Khajuraho in Madhya
Pradesh, India. It was built by Vidyadhara.
• It is considered one of the best examples of
temples preserved from the medieval period in
India.
• Kajuraho was once the religious capital of the
Chandela Rajputs and today is one of the most
popular tourist destinations in India.

7. Rajarajeshwara
temple
It had one of the tallest Shikhara of that time.
All this done without the use of cranes as there were
no cranes in those days.

8. •Rajarajeshwara Temple. ... at Thanjavur in
the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is a Hindu
temple of Lord Shiva. This temple is one of
India's most prized architectural sites.
•The Shikhara of the Rajarajeshwara
temple is twice as high as that of the
Kandariya Mahadeva temple.

9. Rajarajeshwara temple
• The temple is regarded as one of the existing 108
ancient Shiva Temples of Kerala. It also has a prominent
place amongst the numerous Shiva temples in South
India. It had the tallest shikhara amongst the temples of
its time. The Rajarajeshwara temple has a top of about
90 tonnes. If any problem is encountered in the other
temples of South India, devotees seek a solution in this
temple through a prasna, a traditional method of
astrological decision making. The prasna is conducted
on a peedha (a raised platform) outside the temple.

10. Jama Masjid
Built by Shah
Jahan

11. Jama Masjid
• Jama Masjid (Hindi: जामा मस्जजद, Urdu: ‫مسجد‬ ‫)جامع‬
of Delhi, is the principal mosque of Old Delhi in
India. Commissioned by the Mughal Emperor
Shah Jahan,he built this mosque in the year 1650
AD and completed in the year 1656 AD, it is the
largest and best-known mosque in India. It lies
at the beginning of the Chawri Bazar Road, a
very busy central street of Old Delhi.

12. JAMA MASJID
The later name, Jama Masjid, refers to the weekly
Friday noon congregation prayers of Muslims,
Jummah, which are usually done in a mosque, the
"congregational mosque" or "Jama masjid". The
courtyard of the mosque can hold up to twenty-five
thousand worshippers. The mosque also houses
several relics in a closet in the north gate, including
an antique copy of the Qur'an written on deer skin

13. Picture of Jama Masjid

14. The golden temple in
Amritsar

15. Pictures of Golden temple

16. Golden temple
•The Harmandir Sahib
also Darbar Sahib and
informally referred to as
the Golden Temple is a
prominent Sikh
Gurdwara located in the
city of Amritsar, Punjab,
India. It was built by the
fifth Sikh guru, Guru
Arjan, in the 16th Century.

17. GOLDEN TEMPLE
The main structure rises from the centre of the sacred pool, 150 metres
square, approached by a causeway about 60 metres long. An
archway on the western side of the pool opens on to the
causeway, bordered with marble, and, at close intervals, there are
standard lamps, their great lanterns set upon marble columns. The
52-metre square-based Hari Mandir, to which the causeway leads,
stands on a 20-metre square platform. Its lower parts are of white
marble, but the upper parts are covered with plates of gilded
copper. In the interior, on the ground floor, is the Guru Granth
Sahib, placed under a gorgeous canopy, studded with jewels. On
the second storey is a pavilion known as Shish Mahal or Mirror
Room, so designed as to have a square opening in the centre to
view from there the ground floor, with the further provision of a
narrow courtyard around the square opening.

18. Our heritage Respect our heritage

19. Why temples were destroyed ?
•Temples were built to demonstrate their
devotion to God and their power and wealth, it
is not surprising that when they attacked one
another's kingdoms they often targeted these
buildings.
•In the ninth century when the Pandyan king
Shrimara invaded Sri Lanka he defeated the
King, Sena I, the Buddhist monk and it was
noted that he had removed all the valuables
and statue of Buddha was seized.

20. Why temples were destroyed?
•The next Sinhalese ruler , Sena II ordered
his general to invade Madurai, the capital
of Pandyas.
•Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was not a very
important ruler but by destroying temples-
especially the one at Somnath-he tried to
win credit as a great hero of Islam.

21. Gardens, Tombs and Forts.
•Under the Mughals, architecture became more
complex. Babur, Humayuns, Akbar, Jahangir,
and Shah Jahan were personally interested in
literature, art, and architecture.
•Babur described his interest in planning and
laying out formal gardens, placed within
rectangular walled enclosure and divided into
four quarters by artificial channels. These
gardens were called as Chahar Bagh

22. PICTURES OF CHAHAR BAGH

23. Humayuns tomb
•Constructed between
1562-1571
•It has a central towering
dome and the tall
gateway.
•The tomb was placed in
the centre of a huge
formal Chahar Bagh.
•It has a central hall
surrounded by eight
rooms known as eight
paradises.

24. Taj Mahal
• Built by Shah Jahan, in Agra on the
bank of river Yamuna.
• The dwelling was located at the edge of
Chahar Bagh, close to the river.
• Taj Mahal is also called as Mumtaz
Mahal as it was constructed in the
memory of his wife Mumtaz.
• Taj Mahal was constructed over a
period of twenty-two years, employing
twenty thousand workers. It was
completed in 1648 C.E. at a cost of 32
Million Rupees.
• It is widely accepted as the Jewel of
Muslim art in India. It is universally
admired masterpieces of the world
heritage. Today it ranks 3rd amount the
eight wonders of the world.

25. PICTURES OF TAJ MAHAL

26. Region and Empire
•In Vijaynagar elephant stables
of the rulers were strongly
influenced by the style of
architecture.
•In Vrindavan, near Mathura,
temples were constructed in
architectural styles that were
very similar to the Mughal
palaces in Fatehpur Sikri.
•The "Bangla dome" was used by
the Mughals.

27. THANKS A LOT