This document provides information on various power transmission elements and methods of drive, including belts, chains, gears, shafts, and other components. It discusses the components and functioning of belt drives, including different types of belts. Chain drives are described as using sprockets and links to transmit power without slip. The different types of gears are outlined, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion systems. Terminology related to gears such as pitch circle, pressure angle, and modules are also defined. The document aims to explain the basic components and principles of different power transmission methods.
This document discusses belt, rope, and chain drives used to transmit power between rotating shafts. It describes factors that affect the amount of power transmitted by belts, such as velocity, tension, and arc of contact. It also outlines conditions for proper belt use, types of belt drives based on power level, and sources of belt slippage. Additionally, it provides details on chain drives, including types of chains, construction, geometry considerations for sprockets and chain length, and recommended angle of contact.
Gears are toothed machine parts that transmit motion between parallel shafts. There are several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, herringbone gears, and worm gears. The speed ratio of two gears is equal to the number of teeth on the driven gear divided by the number of teeth on the driving gear. Additional key terms described include the pitch circle, addendum circle, dedendum circle, tooth thickness, space width, backlash, pressure angle, and the law governing tooth shape.
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using flexible elements such as belts, ropes, and chains. It discusses the selection and design of v-belts and pulleys, wire ropes, transmission chains and sprockets. Assessment methods for the course include common assessment tests, written assignments, gamification, active learning, and group presentations. Flexible elements are used to transmit mechanical power over comparatively long distances and for conveying purposes. Proper selection and replacement of these elements is important to prevent deterioration.
,bearings ,function of bearing ,footstep or pivot bearing ,bush and direct-lined housing ,thrust bearing ,journal bearing ,ball and roller bearings ,types of rolling bearing ,sliding contact bearing ,applications of roller bearings
Design of transmission systems by A.Vinoth JebarajVinoth Jebaraj A
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using gears. It discusses various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and their applications. Key points covered include:
- Gears are used to transmit power between shafts where exact velocity ratio is required. Different gear types are suitable for various center distances and power requirements.
- Proper design of parameters like module, face width, and center distance is important based on the material strength and induced stresses.
- Bevel and worm gears can change the direction of shaft rotation. Bevel gears maintain the axes in the same plane while worm gears provide high speed reduction.
- Gear failures like teeth break
Design of single stage helical gear box by Prof. Sagar DhotareSagar Dhotare
Briefly explain step wise Design of single stage gearbox using PSG Design Data Book.
Material selection
weaker element
Module calculation
Stress and load Calculation
Bevel gears are used to transmit motion between two intersecting shafts. They can have straight or spiral teeth and are usually used at a 90 degree shaft angle but can be made for any angle. Bevel gear design considers the clearance, total depth, working depth, tooth thickness, and tooth space. Common types include straight, spiral, zerol, and hypoid gears which are used in differentials, drills, and other applications requiring power transfer between non-parallel shafts. Material selection depends on operating conditions and environment.
This document discusses belt, rope, and chain drives used to transmit power between rotating shafts. It describes factors that affect the amount of power transmitted by belts, such as velocity, tension, and arc of contact. It also outlines conditions for proper belt use, types of belt drives based on power level, and sources of belt slippage. Additionally, it provides details on chain drives, including types of chains, construction, geometry considerations for sprockets and chain length, and recommended angle of contact.
Gears are toothed machine parts that transmit motion between parallel shafts. There are several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, herringbone gears, and worm gears. The speed ratio of two gears is equal to the number of teeth on the driven gear divided by the number of teeth on the driving gear. Additional key terms described include the pitch circle, addendum circle, dedendum circle, tooth thickness, space width, backlash, pressure angle, and the law governing tooth shape.
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using flexible elements such as belts, ropes, and chains. It discusses the selection and design of v-belts and pulleys, wire ropes, transmission chains and sprockets. Assessment methods for the course include common assessment tests, written assignments, gamification, active learning, and group presentations. Flexible elements are used to transmit mechanical power over comparatively long distances and for conveying purposes. Proper selection and replacement of these elements is important to prevent deterioration.
,bearings ,function of bearing ,footstep or pivot bearing ,bush and direct-lined housing ,thrust bearing ,journal bearing ,ball and roller bearings ,types of rolling bearing ,sliding contact bearing ,applications of roller bearings
Design of transmission systems by A.Vinoth JebarajVinoth Jebaraj A
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using gears. It discusses various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and their applications. Key points covered include:
- Gears are used to transmit power between shafts where exact velocity ratio is required. Different gear types are suitable for various center distances and power requirements.
- Proper design of parameters like module, face width, and center distance is important based on the material strength and induced stresses.
- Bevel and worm gears can change the direction of shaft rotation. Bevel gears maintain the axes in the same plane while worm gears provide high speed reduction.
- Gear failures like teeth break
Design of single stage helical gear box by Prof. Sagar DhotareSagar Dhotare
Briefly explain step wise Design of single stage gearbox using PSG Design Data Book.
Material selection
weaker element
Module calculation
Stress and load Calculation
Bevel gears are used to transmit motion between two intersecting shafts. They can have straight or spiral teeth and are usually used at a 90 degree shaft angle but can be made for any angle. Bevel gear design considers the clearance, total depth, working depth, tooth thickness, and tooth space. Common types include straight, spiral, zerol, and hypoid gears which are used in differentials, drills, and other applications requiring power transfer between non-parallel shafts. Material selection depends on operating conditions and environment.
The elliptical trammel is a mechanism that uses two shuttles moving along perpendicular channels to trace an exact elliptical path. It works by inverting a double crank chain mechanism and fixing one link, so that when the two sliders move, any point on the central link traces out an ellipse. The semi-major and semi-minor axes of the ellipse are determined by the distances to the pivot points. This mechanism is used to precisely draw or cut ellipses.
The document discusses various types of power transmission devices used to transfer motion and power between rotating shafts, including belt drives, chain drives, and gear drives. Belt drives can be flat, V-belt, timing or circular belts and are used to connect shafts over long distances. Chain drives use sprocket wheels connected by roller or silent chains. Gear drives include spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears to connect parallel, intersecting, or perpendicular shaft axes. Couplings like sleeve, split, flange, bush pin, and universal joints are also discussed for connecting shafts while allowing some misalignment or movement.
This document summarizes the key characteristics and differences between spur gears and helical gears. It discusses how spur gears have straight teeth parallel to the axes, while helical gears have teeth that are curved and helically shaped. Helical gears operate more smoothly and quietly compared to spur gears due to the gradual contact of the teeth. However, helical gears also induce axial thrust on the bearings. The document provides examples of applications for each gear type and concludes with the authors thanking the reader.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD USING ALUMINIUM ALLOY 7068 T6, T6511 IAEME Publication
The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the Crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. This thesis describes designing
and Analysis of connecting rod. Currently existing connecting rod is manufactured by using Forged steel. In this drawing is drafted from the calculations.
Chain drive is a method of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another, often used to power vehicle wheels. It works by using a roller chain that passes over sprocket gears, with the gears' teeth meshing with the chain's links. Chains are classified into hoisting, conveyor, and power transmission chains. Power transmission chains are used in vehicles and machinery to convey power efficiently with little slippage between connected components. Chain drives require accurate installation and lubrication to function properly but can transmit power over variable distances compactly and with high efficiency.
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Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Gear Train
Ex: Automobile, engines etc.
Chain Drive
Ex : Bi-cycle , Motor cycle etc.
Belt Drive
Ex: Rice mills, sewing machine etc.
Rope Drive
Ex: lift, crane etc
1) The document discusses the basics of mechanisms and kinematics including definitions of kinematics, machines, links, kinematic pairs, and degrees of freedom.
2) It describes different types of kinematic pairs and constraints as well as examples like four bar linkages.
3) Common inversions of mechanisms are analyzed, including the slider crank chain used in engines and Grashoff's law for four bar linkages.
This document discusses the calculation of bearing life and dynamic load ratings. It provides formulas and factors for calculating the radial and axial forces on bearings based on machine design and operating conditions. It also summarizes the Lundberg-Palmgren and SKF equations for calculating an equivalent dynamic bearing load and adjusted rating life of a bearing based on operating load and speed.
The document defines key terminology used in spur gear design, including:
- Pitch circle: An imaginary circle that would give the same motion as the actual gear through rolling action.
- Addendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the top of a tooth.
- Dedendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of a tooth.
- Circular pitch: The distance on the pitch circle between corresponding points on adjacent teeth.
- Pressure angle: The angle between the common normal and common tangent at the point of contact between two meshing gear teeth. Standard pressure angles are 14.5° and 20°.
Gears are components that transmit rotational motion from one shaft to another. There are several types of gears according to the position of their axes, including parallel gears like spur and helical gears, intersecting gears like bevel gears, and non-parallel, non-intersecting gears like worm gears. Gear trains involve two or more gears meshing together to reduce speed and increase torque. Common gear train types are simple, compound, and planetary gear trains. Planetary gear trains are popular for automatic transmissions due to their high gear ratios.
The document discusses the design of connecting rods for internal combustion engines. It describes the functions of connecting rods as transmitting force between the piston and crankshaft. The dimensions and material selection of connecting rods are important considerations. Connecting rods must be strong enough to withstand buckling forces while also being as lightweight as possible. The document provides steps for calculating the cross-sectional dimensions, sizes of bearings, bolts, and other components of connecting rods based on engine specifications and safety factors.
This document discusses the fundamentals and types of mechanisms. It covers topics such as statics, dynamics, kinematics, kinetics, links, kinematic pairs, constrained motions, inversions of mechanisms, and common mechanisms. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like the four bar chain, slider crank chain, Geneva mechanism, Ackermann steering, and rear wheel sprocket of a bicycle. Mechanisms are analyzed based on their motion, forces, components, and ability to transform input energy into useful work.
Power transmission and Different types of gearNaeeim Hasan
This document provides information about power transmission systems. It defines power transmission as the movement of energy from the place of generation to where it performs work. The main types of power transmission systems discussed are belt drives, rope drives, and chain drives. Belt drives can be flat belts, V-belts, or circular belts. Rope drives use either fiber or wire ropes. Chain drives use an endless chain running over gears. Different types of gears are also defined, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and internal/external gears.
This document discusses thrust bearings, which are machine components that support axial loads and constrain rotational motion. It describes how thrust bearings reduce friction in automobiles, aircrafts, manufacturing equipment, and more. The document categorizes different types of thrust bearings, including ball thrust bearings, tapered roller thrust bearings, cylindrical roller thrust bearings, spherical roller thrust bearings, and needle roller thrust bearings. It provides a high-level overview of thrust bearings and their applications before diving into specific types.
Helical gears have teeth cut at an angle to the face of the gear. This gradual engagement allows helical gears to operate more smoothly and quietly than spur gears. Additionally, helical gears can be mounted on parallel or perpendicular shafts.
Some key advantages of helical gears are their smooth, quiet operation due to gradual engagement of teeth. They are also very durable and suitable for high loads as the load is distributed across several teeth. However, helical gears also produce axial thrust that must be accommodated by thrust bearings, and have slightly lower efficiency than spur gears due to additional sliding between teeth.
V-belts are used to transmit power between pulleys in factories and workshops. They are made of fabric, cords, and rubber molded into a trapezoidal shape to fit into the V-grooved pulleys. The belts grip the pulleys through a wedging action caused by the 30-40 degree V-groove. Clearance is provided at the bottom of the groove to prevent wear from making the groove narrower. The driving tension ratio between pulleys depends on factors like the groove angle and coefficient of friction between the belt and groove.
The document provides an overview of the metal spinning process. It discusses the history and classification of different metal spinning techniques. The basic metal spinning process involves clamping a metal blank between a spinning mandrel and follower, and using specially designed tools to form the blank into an axially symmetric product while it rotates at high speeds. Key aspects covered include the mechanics of cone spinning, use of multi-pass spinning for small cone angles, mandrel and tool design, lubricants, common spinning machines, advantages over other forming processes, and applications.
A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that stores rotational energy. It absorbs energy during periods where energy production exceeds energy demand, and releases stored energy during periods of high demand. This helps reduce fluctuations in rotational speed. Flywheels are used in engines to maintain a constant crankshaft angular velocity despite varying torque from pistons. Modern flywheels use strong, lightweight composite materials and can rotate at speeds over 100,000 rpm in a vacuum to efficiently store and deliver high amounts of energy.
This document provides an overview of mechanical drives and power transmission maintenance. It discusses various types of drives including gear drives, belt drives, v-belt drives, chain drives, and discusses maintenance of sprockets and roller chains. The document provides information on components, operating principles, installation, alignment and preventative maintenance of these various mechanical drive systems.
Mechanical Power Transmission
Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission everywhere except very shortest distances. What is worth remembering, however, is that from the 16th century through the industrial revolution to the end of the 19th century mechanical power transmission was the norm – even for long distances.
The elliptical trammel is a mechanism that uses two shuttles moving along perpendicular channels to trace an exact elliptical path. It works by inverting a double crank chain mechanism and fixing one link, so that when the two sliders move, any point on the central link traces out an ellipse. The semi-major and semi-minor axes of the ellipse are determined by the distances to the pivot points. This mechanism is used to precisely draw or cut ellipses.
The document discusses various types of power transmission devices used to transfer motion and power between rotating shafts, including belt drives, chain drives, and gear drives. Belt drives can be flat, V-belt, timing or circular belts and are used to connect shafts over long distances. Chain drives use sprocket wheels connected by roller or silent chains. Gear drives include spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears to connect parallel, intersecting, or perpendicular shaft axes. Couplings like sleeve, split, flange, bush pin, and universal joints are also discussed for connecting shafts while allowing some misalignment or movement.
This document summarizes the key characteristics and differences between spur gears and helical gears. It discusses how spur gears have straight teeth parallel to the axes, while helical gears have teeth that are curved and helically shaped. Helical gears operate more smoothly and quietly compared to spur gears due to the gradual contact of the teeth. However, helical gears also induce axial thrust on the bearings. The document provides examples of applications for each gear type and concludes with the authors thanking the reader.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD USING ALUMINIUM ALLOY 7068 T6, T6511 IAEME Publication
The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the Crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. This thesis describes designing
and Analysis of connecting rod. Currently existing connecting rod is manufactured by using Forged steel. In this drawing is drafted from the calculations.
Chain drive is a method of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another, often used to power vehicle wheels. It works by using a roller chain that passes over sprocket gears, with the gears' teeth meshing with the chain's links. Chains are classified into hoisting, conveyor, and power transmission chains. Power transmission chains are used in vehicles and machinery to convey power efficiently with little slippage between connected components. Chain drives require accurate installation and lubrication to function properly but can transmit power over variable distances compactly and with high efficiency.
Like Comment and download
Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Gear Train
Ex: Automobile, engines etc.
Chain Drive
Ex : Bi-cycle , Motor cycle etc.
Belt Drive
Ex: Rice mills, sewing machine etc.
Rope Drive
Ex: lift, crane etc
1) The document discusses the basics of mechanisms and kinematics including definitions of kinematics, machines, links, kinematic pairs, and degrees of freedom.
2) It describes different types of kinematic pairs and constraints as well as examples like four bar linkages.
3) Common inversions of mechanisms are analyzed, including the slider crank chain used in engines and Grashoff's law for four bar linkages.
This document discusses the calculation of bearing life and dynamic load ratings. It provides formulas and factors for calculating the radial and axial forces on bearings based on machine design and operating conditions. It also summarizes the Lundberg-Palmgren and SKF equations for calculating an equivalent dynamic bearing load and adjusted rating life of a bearing based on operating load and speed.
The document defines key terminology used in spur gear design, including:
- Pitch circle: An imaginary circle that would give the same motion as the actual gear through rolling action.
- Addendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the top of a tooth.
- Dedendum: The distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of a tooth.
- Circular pitch: The distance on the pitch circle between corresponding points on adjacent teeth.
- Pressure angle: The angle between the common normal and common tangent at the point of contact between two meshing gear teeth. Standard pressure angles are 14.5° and 20°.
Gears are components that transmit rotational motion from one shaft to another. There are several types of gears according to the position of their axes, including parallel gears like spur and helical gears, intersecting gears like bevel gears, and non-parallel, non-intersecting gears like worm gears. Gear trains involve two or more gears meshing together to reduce speed and increase torque. Common gear train types are simple, compound, and planetary gear trains. Planetary gear trains are popular for automatic transmissions due to their high gear ratios.
The document discusses the design of connecting rods for internal combustion engines. It describes the functions of connecting rods as transmitting force between the piston and crankshaft. The dimensions and material selection of connecting rods are important considerations. Connecting rods must be strong enough to withstand buckling forces while also being as lightweight as possible. The document provides steps for calculating the cross-sectional dimensions, sizes of bearings, bolts, and other components of connecting rods based on engine specifications and safety factors.
This document discusses the fundamentals and types of mechanisms. It covers topics such as statics, dynamics, kinematics, kinetics, links, kinematic pairs, constrained motions, inversions of mechanisms, and common mechanisms. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like the four bar chain, slider crank chain, Geneva mechanism, Ackermann steering, and rear wheel sprocket of a bicycle. Mechanisms are analyzed based on their motion, forces, components, and ability to transform input energy into useful work.
Power transmission and Different types of gearNaeeim Hasan
This document provides information about power transmission systems. It defines power transmission as the movement of energy from the place of generation to where it performs work. The main types of power transmission systems discussed are belt drives, rope drives, and chain drives. Belt drives can be flat belts, V-belts, or circular belts. Rope drives use either fiber or wire ropes. Chain drives use an endless chain running over gears. Different types of gears are also defined, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and internal/external gears.
This document discusses thrust bearings, which are machine components that support axial loads and constrain rotational motion. It describes how thrust bearings reduce friction in automobiles, aircrafts, manufacturing equipment, and more. The document categorizes different types of thrust bearings, including ball thrust bearings, tapered roller thrust bearings, cylindrical roller thrust bearings, spherical roller thrust bearings, and needle roller thrust bearings. It provides a high-level overview of thrust bearings and their applications before diving into specific types.
Helical gears have teeth cut at an angle to the face of the gear. This gradual engagement allows helical gears to operate more smoothly and quietly than spur gears. Additionally, helical gears can be mounted on parallel or perpendicular shafts.
Some key advantages of helical gears are their smooth, quiet operation due to gradual engagement of teeth. They are also very durable and suitable for high loads as the load is distributed across several teeth. However, helical gears also produce axial thrust that must be accommodated by thrust bearings, and have slightly lower efficiency than spur gears due to additional sliding between teeth.
V-belts are used to transmit power between pulleys in factories and workshops. They are made of fabric, cords, and rubber molded into a trapezoidal shape to fit into the V-grooved pulleys. The belts grip the pulleys through a wedging action caused by the 30-40 degree V-groove. Clearance is provided at the bottom of the groove to prevent wear from making the groove narrower. The driving tension ratio between pulleys depends on factors like the groove angle and coefficient of friction between the belt and groove.
The document provides an overview of the metal spinning process. It discusses the history and classification of different metal spinning techniques. The basic metal spinning process involves clamping a metal blank between a spinning mandrel and follower, and using specially designed tools to form the blank into an axially symmetric product while it rotates at high speeds. Key aspects covered include the mechanics of cone spinning, use of multi-pass spinning for small cone angles, mandrel and tool design, lubricants, common spinning machines, advantages over other forming processes, and applications.
A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that stores rotational energy. It absorbs energy during periods where energy production exceeds energy demand, and releases stored energy during periods of high demand. This helps reduce fluctuations in rotational speed. Flywheels are used in engines to maintain a constant crankshaft angular velocity despite varying torque from pistons. Modern flywheels use strong, lightweight composite materials and can rotate at speeds over 100,000 rpm in a vacuum to efficiently store and deliver high amounts of energy.
This document provides an overview of mechanical drives and power transmission maintenance. It discusses various types of drives including gear drives, belt drives, v-belt drives, chain drives, and discusses maintenance of sprockets and roller chains. The document provides information on components, operating principles, installation, alignment and preventative maintenance of these various mechanical drive systems.
Mechanical Power Transmission
Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission everywhere except very shortest distances. What is worth remembering, however, is that from the 16th century through the industrial revolution to the end of the 19th century mechanical power transmission was the norm – even for long distances.
This document discusses power transmission using belt drives. It begins by introducing belt drives as a system used to transmit power from one mechanical element to another. The main types of belt drives are then described, including flat belts, V-belts, and circular belts. Key terms used in belt drives like driver, driven, tight side, and slack side are also defined. The document then discusses factors for selecting a belt drive system and provides examples of belt drives in various machines. It also covers velocity ratio calculations, slippage calculations, and examples problems determining pulley sizes for required speeds.
This document provides an introduction to machine elements and power transmission devices taught in the second semester of a mechanical engineering course. It discusses various machine elements like shafts, keys, couplings, bearings, clutches, and brakes. It also covers power transmission devices such as belt drives, chain drives, and gear drives. The document describes the function, types, materials, and design of these common mechanical components.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de motores magnéticos, incluyendo motores con imanes permanentes, motores sin escobillas, y motores de paso a paso. Explica que los motores magnéticos convierten la fuerza magnética en movimiento mecánico rotatorio sin otra entrada de energía, y cubre varios tipos de imanes permanentes comúnmente usados.
Power transmission involves moving energy from where it is generated to where it is applied. The first link is the flywheel, which stores rotational energy and resists changes in speed. Problems with flywheels include high mass and rotational inertia. Solutions include using minimum diameter flywheels and materials like aluminum that have low mass and maximum strength. Differentials distribute engine torque to both wheels but allow them to spin at different speeds, while locking differentials restrict both wheels to the same speed regardless of traction.
The document discusses various topics related to gear design and gear trains. It defines gears and their basic components such as teeth and axes. It describes different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. It also discusses gear ratios, velocity ratios, interference in gears, and different types of gear trains such as simple, compound, and planetary gear trains. The document provides illustrations and explanations of each gear type and gear train.
Technical Presentation on External Gear PPT
Introduction
A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque.
Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source.
Gears almost always produce a change in torque, creating a mechanical advantage, through their gear ratio, and thus may be considered a simple machine.
The teeth on the two meshing gears all have the same shape. Two or more meshing gears, working in a sequence, are called a gear train or a transmission.
A gear can mesh with a linear toothed part, called a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation.
The gears in a transmission are analogous to the wheels in a crossed belt pulley system. An advantage of gears is that the teeth of a gear prevent slippage.
This document discusses belt drives and pulleys. It defines a belt drive as using one or more continuous belts over two pulleys to transfer rotary motion between two shafts via friction. The main types of belts are flat, round, V, and timing belts. Belt drives can be open, crossed, use idler pulleys, or be compound. Applications include machinery like drilling machines, lathes, and automobiles.
It is power point presentation on belt and chain drive. you can find working and mechanism of chain and belt drive and their advantage and disadvantages.....enjoy.
This document discusses the clutch system. It begins by stating the objectives which are to explain the main function of the clutch, identify its main components, describe different types of clutches, and explain clutch operation. It then discusses the main function of transferring power from the engine to the transmission. The main components of a clutch are identified as the clutch cover, pressure plate, clutch plate, release bearing/throw out bearing, release lever/fork, and coil spring/diaphragm. Different types of clutch plates such as cone plate, single plate dry clutch, and multi-plate clutch are described. Clutches can be mechanical or hydraulic. The operations of engaging and disengaging the clutch are also explained. Finally, common
A key connects a shaft to a pulley to prevent relative motion. Common key types include sunk, saddle, tangent, round, and splined keys. A rectangular sunk key is usually d/4 wide and d/6 thick, with a 1 in 100 taper on top. It transmits torque from the shaft to the pulley, withstanding both shearing and crushing stresses. The key length to transmit full shaft power is calculated as 1.571 times the shaft diameter.
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together to transmit power while allowing for some misalignment. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings, which do not allow for disconnection or misalignment, and flexible couplings, which can accommodate misalignment between shafts. Flexible couplings function by transmitting power between shafts while allowing for various types of misalignment, including angular, offset, and axial misalignment. Examples of flexible couplings include flanged pin bush couplings, elastomeric couplings, gear tooth couplings, and Oldham couplings.
Frequency Modulation In Data TransmissionBise Mond
The document discusses frequency modulation (FM) in data transmission. It defines key terms like frequency, modulation, data, and transmission. It describes different types of modulation including FM and how it differs from amplitude modulation. It discusses narrowband and wideband FM, how to generate FM signals both indirectly using an integrator and directly using a voltage-controlled oscillator. It also covers FM demodulation using frequency discrimination and phase-locked loops. Finally, it provides details on stereo FM transmission, including how the left and right signals are combined for compatibility with mono receivers.
This document provides information on clutches and brakes, including their basic principles and design procedures. It describes the aims of clutches to gradually connect rotating shafts and brakes to control speed or stop systems. Learning objectives are outlined for determining clutch and brake dimensions and configurations. Common clutch types like disc, drum and centrifugal are defined. Design considerations for clutches involve torque capacity, wear life and heat dissipation. Equations are provided for calculating torque capacity based on uniform pressure or wear assumptions. Maximum operating pressures and temperature limits are also listed.
This document discusses gears, including their types, nomenclature, applications, and gear trains. It describes common gear types like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. It defines gear terminology like pitch circle, diametral pitch, and module. It also explains different gear train configurations like simple, compound, and planetary gear trains and their applications.
This document discusses clutches, providing information on their construction, operation, types, and maintenance. It describes how clutches connect and disconnect rotating shafts to transmit power from a driving member to a driven member. The key components of a clutch are identified as the flywheel, pressure plate, friction disk, and throw-out bearing. Different types of clutches are outlined, including coil spring, diaphragm-spring, centrifugal, and multi-plate designs. The document emphasizes the importance of properly aligning clutches during installation and replacing worn components like the pilot bushing, throw-out bearing, and pressure plate springs when servicing clutches.
I want this job to utilize the skills which I've gotten from my Boss, colleague and others. I will utilize this knowledge for the success of you and for my personal success. I will prove myself by my job.
B.tech i eme u 5 transmission of motion and powerRai University
The document discusses various methods of power transmission including belt drives, chain drives, and gear drives. It describes the components, types, and applications of different power transmission elements like belts, pulleys, chains, and gears. Key power transmission methods covered include belt drives, which transmit power over distance using belts running over pulleys, and gear drives, which use meshing gears to reduce speed or change the direction of rotation between connected shafts.
Power Transmission- Southeast University department of Textile EngineeringFaisal Ahmed Bappi
This document discusses various methods of power transmission, including belt drives, gear drives, chain drives, and rope drives. It provides definitions and classifications for each method. Belt drives can be classified by distance between pulleys, material, and power/speed. Gear drives can be classified by position of axes, peripheral velocity, and type of gearing. Chain drives are classified by usage. Rope drives use fiber or wire ropes. Each method has advantages like efficiency and flexibility, as well as disadvantages like noise and required maintenance. The document concludes that power transmission allows motion from one location to drive other mechanisms and alter characteristics like torque and speed.
Gears are used to transmit motion and power between two shafts and can provide an exact velocity ratio. The main types of gears are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. Planetary gear trains use one or more planet gears revolving around a central sun gear to produce high gear ratios. Gears have several advantages like precise velocity ratios and ability to transmit large power, but also have disadvantages like noise and requiring precise alignment.
Law of toothed gearing – Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles –Spur Gear terminology and
definitions –Gear tooth action – contact ratio – Interference and undercutting. Helical, Bevel, Worm, Rack and Pinion gears
This document discusses different types of gears used in power transmission systems. It describes gears as components that transmit rotational force from one shaft to another. The main types of gears covered are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and planetary/epicyclic gears. Spur gears have parallel teeth and shafts, while helical gears have angled teeth that operate more smoothly. Bevel gears change the direction of rotation between non-parallel shafts. Worm gears provide large gear reductions. Planetary gears can produce different gear ratios and are used in automatic transmissions.
This document discusses different types of gears used in power transmission systems. It describes gears as components that transmit rotational force from one shaft to another. The main types of gears covered are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and planetary/epicyclic gears. Spur gears have parallel teeth and shafts, while helical gears have angled teeth that operate more smoothly. Bevel gears change the direction of rotation between non-parallel shafts. Worm gears provide large gear reductions. Planetary gears can produce different gear ratios and are used in automatic transmissions.
This document discusses mechanisms and power transmission elements used in textile machines. It begins with basic definitions of mechanisms and describes how they transmit motion through rigid links and joints. The main power transmission elements discussed are belt drives, gear drives, and their applications in textile machines. Belt drives are the most commonly used and their operation, advantages, disadvantages, and types - including flat, V-belt, and timing belts - are explained in detail. Gear drives provide exact speed ratios but are more complex and expensive. The document also covers related topics like velocity and torque ratios, slip, and power transmission calculations for belts.
The document discusses belt drives used for power transmission. It describes different types of belts based on shape, material, arrangement, and application. Belt drives can transmit power between parallel or perpendicular shafts using open, crossed, or quarter turn configurations. Selection depends on factors like speed, power, center distance, and space. The document also covers topics like velocity ratio, slip, creep, length calculation, power transmission, tension ratio, and angle of contact for belt drives.
Introduction to Gears & Dynamometers (Theory of Machines)Ishan Parekh
Gears are used to transmit rotational motion from one shaft to another. The three main types of gears are spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears. Spur gears have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and are used to transmit power between parallel shafts. Helical gears are cut at an angle, which allows them to engage more smoothly than spur gears. Bevel gears are used when the direction of shaft rotation needs to change, such as at right angles. Dynamometers are used to measure engine power output. Absorption dynamometers like the Prony brake and rope brake absorb power through friction, while transmission dynamometers measure torque transmitted through a transmission system.
1. Power transmission systems transmit mechanical power from one rotating element to another. Common types include belt drives, rope drives, chain drives, and gear drives.
2. Belt drives transmit power between parallel shafts using two pulleys connected by an endless belt. The driver pulley rotates and pulls the belt, rotating the driven pulley.
3. Factors like shaft distance, operating speed, and power requirements determine the appropriate transmission system. Belt drives are effective over moderate distances and speeds but experience some power loss due to slip and creep.
The document discusses different types of belt drives used to transmit power between rotating shafts, including flat belt drives, V-belt drives, circular/rope belt drives, and timing belt drives. It describes factors that affect power transmission via belts such as belt material, velocity, and tension. Different belt configurations are examined, including open belt drives, cross belt drives, and drives using idler pulleys. Selection criteria for belts include the speed and distance between shafts as well as the power level.
Mechanical Technology Grade 10 Chapter 10 Systems And ControlFuture Managers
This slide show accompanies the learner guide "Mechanical Technology Grade 10" by Charles Goodwin, Andre Lategan & Daniel Meyer, published by Future Managers Pty Ltd. For more information visit our website www.futuremanagers.net
Power transmission involves transferring rotational force from one component to another using gears. Gears come in different types depending on the position of their shafts, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. Gears are used to change rotational speed and torque in machines and vehicles through gear trains and different gear ratios.
Gear Drives for Diploma Students first and second YearMechTech3
Here is the PPT on the Gear Drives for Diploma Students of first and second year. Based on Mechanical Engineering diploma. The data for PPT is collected From book so don,t worry about PPT.
Power transmission involves moving energy from where it is generated to where it is used, typically via belts, ropes, chains, gears and other mechanisms. Gears transmit rotational motion and can change the speed or direction of movement. Gears mesh together via their teeth and come in different types depending on the orientation of their axes, such as spur gears for parallel shafts, helical gears which engage more smoothly than spur gears, and bevel gears for perpendicular shafts. Gears are classified based on their application and configuration of teeth. Proper gear design and terminology ensures efficient power transmission.
Gears are components that transmit rotational motion between two shafts. There are several types of gears classified by the position of their shafts, including spur gears where the teeth are parallel to the axis of rotation, helical gears which are cut at an angle, and bevel gears where the shafts meet at an angle. Gears are used in many machines and mechanisms to increase torque or change the speed and direction of rotation between two shafts.
The document summarizes different types of mechanical drives used to transmit motion and power between shafts, including belt drives, chain drives, and gear drives. It describes the components, uses, and advantages of various belt configurations like flat belts, V-belts, circular belts, open belt drives, crossed belt drives, and compound belt drives. Chain drives and different types of gears - spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears - are also explained in terms of their construction and applications. Group drives and individual drives are identified as the main methods used for power transmission in workshops.
Power transmission involves moving energy from where it is generated to where it is applied. A gear is a transmission component that transfers rotational force. There are different types of gears classified by shaft positioning including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, rack and pinion gears, and worm gears. Planetary gear trains can produce different gear ratios depending on which gear is used as input, output, or held still. Gears are used widely in machinery to increase torque and reduce speed.
1) Gears are components that transmit rotational force from one shaft to another. Different types of gears exist depending on the position of the shaft axes, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears.
2) Gear trains involve two or more gears meshing together to reduce speed and increase torque. Simple gear trains connect two parallel shafts, while compound and planetary gear trains involve more complex gear arrangements.
3) Planetary gear trains feature one or more planet gears that mesh with both a sun gear and ring gear simultaneously, allowing different gear ratios depending on which gears are used as inputs and outputs. They provide more compact transmissions of high gear ratios.
This document provides an overview of transmission of motion and power. It discusses various power transmission elements such as shafts, spindles, axles and bearings. It describes different types of power transmission systems including belt drives, gear drives, and chain drives. Belt drives can be flat belts, V-belts, timing belts, or other configurations. Gear drives include spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. The document compares characteristics of individual drives versus group drives and advantages of different types of belts and gears.
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3. Introduction
Need:
◦ Every actuation or system need power or
motion to drive itself from source.
◦ Thus transmission of power from a
source(such as an engine or motor)
through a machine to an output actuation
is needed to do all machine tasks.
◦ This task can be achieved by different
methods of drives.
4. Different Terms of TPM
Driving member
Driven member
Idler member
Pulley
Belt
Chain
Rope
Gear
5. Methods of drive
Belts
Chains
Gears
Used when the distance between
the shaft centers is LARGE
Used when the distance between
the shaft centers is LARGE and no
slip is permitted
Used when the distance between
the shaft centers is adequately
less
6. Belts and Belt Drive
What is Belt?
A belt is continuous bond of flexible
material passing over pulleys to
transmit motion from one shaft to
another.
1
7. Belt and Belt Drive…
Flat Belt:
◦ It has narrow rectangular cross-section
◦ Used for their simplicity due to minimum
bending stress on pulleys
◦ Load capacity depends on its width
◦ Only one belt is used in whole drive.
◦ Materials used for Belts are Leather,
Rubber, Textile, Balata, steel.
8. Belt and Belt Drive…
V Belt:
◦ It has trapezoidal section running on
pulleys with grooves cut to match belt.
◦ Normal angle between the sides of the
groove is 40 deg.
◦ Used when distance between two shafts
are too small for flat belt drive.
◦ More efficient than flat belt due to wedge
action in groove.
◦ Made up of fabric coated with rubber.
9. Belt and Belt Drive…
Round Belt:
◦ It has round section.
◦ Diameter range is 3 to12 mm but usually
from 4 to 8 mm.
◦ Used to transmit low power, mainly in
instruments, table-type machine tools, in
clothing industry and household
appliances.
◦ Made up of leather. Canvas and rubber.
10. Belt and Belt Drive…
Belt Drive:
◦ It consist of of driver and driven pulleys
and the belt which is mounted on pulleys
with certain amount of tension and
transmits peripheral force by friction.
◦ Two types of drives:
Open belt drive
Cross belt drive
11. Belt and Belt Drive…
◦ Open belt drive
The drive in which Parallel shafts rotate in
same direction is called open belt drive.
Belt is subject to tension and bending.
12. Belt and Belt Drive…
◦ Cross belt drive
The drive in which parallel shafts rotate in
opposite direction.
More wear and tear of belt in this drive, but it
transmit more power than open belt drive.
2
13. Open belt drive Vs. Close belt drive
Open Belt Drive Closed Belt Drive
Both driver and the driven rotates in
the same direction
Driver and driven rotates in opposite
direction
When the shafts are horizontal,
inclined it is effective to transmit the
power
Even if the shafts are vertical it is
effective to transmit the power
As there is no rubbing point, the life of
the belt is more
Due to the rubbing point, the life of
the belt reduces.
Require less length of the belt
compared to crossed belt drive for
same centre distance, pulley
diameters.
Require more length of belt compared
to open belt drive for the same centre
distance, pulley diameters.
14. Belt and Belt Drive…
◦ Application of belt drives:
Transmit power from low or medium capacity
electric motors to operative machines
To transmit power from small prime movers
15. Belt and Belt Drive…
◦ Transmission of power in belt drive:
Driving pulley L and driven pulley M is
connected my belt. The driving pulley pulls the
belt from one side and delivers the same to the
other.
Hence tension is in tight side will be more than
slack side.
T1 = tension in the tight side, N
T2 = tension in the slack side, N
v = velocity of the belt, m/s
Now effective turning force = T1 - T2
Hence, work = Force x Distance = (T1 - T2 ) v
Nm/s
Thus. Power = (T1 - T2 ) v
16. Pulleys and Pulley Drive…
Types of Pulley Drive:
◦ Idler pulley
◦ Stepped pulley
◦ Fast-Loose pulley
17. Chains and Chain Drive
◦ What is chain?
A chain consists of links connected by
joints which provide for flexibility for chain.
18. Chains and Chain Drive…
◦ Chain drive:
A chain drive consists of two sprockets
and chain
Most often, the power is conveyed by a
roller chain, known as the drive chain,
passing over a sprocket gear, with the
teeth of the gear meshing with the holes
in the links of the chain.
The gear is turned, and this pulls the
chain putting mechanical force into the
system
19. Advantages of Chain Drives
◦ Do not slip
◦ Maintain constant and precise speed.
◦ Good service life
◦ Easy to install and repair
Disadvantages of Chain Drives
◦ Noisy
◦ Need lubrication
◦ Weight of the chain
Chains and Chain Drive…
20. Roller Chain Drive:
◦ The hollow rollers are held inside two flat link plates
which are joined together by sleeves or bushing
passing inside the rollers.
Chains and Chain Drive…
21. Roller Chain Drive:
◦ Consecutive sets of such assemblies are connected
together with another pair of plates called pin link
plates, which in turn are held by central pins passing
through the sleeves. Rivets are used to join the link
plates. Sometimes the roller link plates are joined
together by rollers themselves and no sleeves are
used.
Chains and Chain Drive…
22. Silent Chain Drive:
It consist of a number of
flat links, tooth shaped at
ends and joined together
by long cross pins. The
sprockets are usually
wider than those of the
roller chain and have a
central groove which
holds retained plates
provided in the central
links for keeping the
chain on the sprocket
securely.
Chains and Chain Drive…
23. Use of chain drive:
◦ Motorcycles
◦ Bicycles
◦ Automobiles
◦ Conveyers
◦ Agricultural machinery
◦ Oil-well drilling machines
◦ Machine tools
Chains and Chain Drive…
24. What is Gear?
◦ A gear is wheel provided with teeth which mesh
with the teethe on another wheel, or on to a
rack, so as to give a positive transmission of
motion from one component to another.
Gears and Gear Drive…
25. What is Gear?
◦ A gear is wheel provided with teeth which mesh
with the teethe on another wheel, or on to a
rack, so as to give a positive transmission of
motion from one component to another.
Gears and Gear Drive…
26. Types of Gears:
According to the position of axes of the shafts.
a. Parallel
1.Spur Gear
2.Helical Gear
3.Rack and Pinion
b. Intersecting
Bevel Gear
c. Non-intersecting and Non-parallel
worm and worm gears
Gears and Gear Drive…
28. Spur gears
Teeth is parallel to axis of
rotation
Transmit power from one shaft
to another parallel shaft
USES
Generally it is used in Electric
screwdriver, oscillating
sprinkler, windup alarm clock,
washing machine and clothes
Gears and Gear Drive…
30. Helical gears
The teeth of the gear are helix around
the gear. The helical gear run more
smoothly and more quietly at high
speed and curvilinear contact of gear
teeth giving gradual engagement.
USES
Generally it is used in automobile
power transmission.
Gears and Gear Drive…
31. Bevel gears
Bevel gear teeth are varying in
cross section along the tooth
width. The axis of two moving
gears are inclined in the bevel
gear.
USES
When the axis of the two shafts
are inclined and intersect each
other
Gears and Gear Drive…
32. Worm and worm wheel
A worm has one or more number of helical
threads of trapezoidal shape cut on it.
Gears and Gear Drive…
USES
To transmit power
between two shafts
having their axis at
right angles and non-
coplaner. Like in
drilling machine.
33. Rack and pinion
Rack is a spur gear of infinite diameter. The
rack is mesh with another small gear known as
pinion
Gears and Gear Drive…
USES
It is used to convert
rotary motion into
linear motion.
Such as lathe , drilling ,
planning machines.
35. Pitch circle. It is an imaginary circle which by pure rolling
action would give the same motion as the actual gear.
Pitch circle diameter. It is the diameter of the pitch circle.
The size of the gear is usually specified by the pitch circle
diameter. It is also known as pitch diameter.
Pitch point. It is a common point of contact between two
pitch circles.
Pitch surface. It is the surface of the rolling discs which the
meshing gears have replaced at the pitch circle.
Pressure angle or angle of obliquity. It is the angle
between the common normal to two gear teeth at the point of
contact and the common tangent at the pitch point. It is
usually denoted by φ. The standard pressure angles are 14
1/2 ° and 20°.
36. Addendum. It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch
circle to the top of the tooth.
Dedendum. It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch
circle to the bottom of the tooth.
Addendum circle. It is the circle drawn through the top of the
teeth and is concentric with the pitch circle.
Dedendum circle. It is the circle drawn through the bottom of
the teeth. It is also called root circle.
Note : Root circle diameter =
Pitch circle diameter × cos φ ,
where φ is the pressure angle.
37. Circular pitch. It is the distance measured on the circumference
of the pitch circle from a point of one tooth to the corresponding
point on the next tooth. It is usually denoted by Pc
,Mathematically,
A little consideration will show that the two gears will mesh
together correctly, if the two wheels have the same circular
pitch.
Note : If D1 and D2 are the diameters of the two meshing gears
having the teeth T1 and T2 respectively, then for them to mesh
correctly,
38. Diametral pitch. It is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch
circle diameter in millimetres. It is denoted by pd.
Mathematically,
Module. It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter in millimeters to
the number of teeth. It is usually denoted by m. Mathematically,
Clearance. It is the radial distance from the top of the tooth to the
bottom of the tooth, in a meshing gear. A circle passing through
the top of the meshing gear is known as clearance circle.
Total depth. It is the radial distance between the addendum and
the dedendum circles of a gear. It is equal to the sum of the
addendum and dedendum.
39. Working depth. It is the radial distance from the addendum circle to
the clearance circle. It is equal to the sum of the addendum of the
two meshing gears.
Tooth thickness. It is the width of the tooth measured along the pitch
circle.
Tooth space . It is the width of space between the two adjacent teeth
measured along the pitch circle.
Backlash. It is the difference between the tooth space and the tooth
thickness, as measured along the pitch circle. Theoretically, the
backlash should be zero, but in actual practice some backlash must
be allowed to prevent jamming of the teeth due to tooth errors and
thermal expansion.
40. Face of tooth. It is the surface of the gear tooth above the pitch
surface.
Flank of tooth. It is the surface of the gear tooth below the pitch
surface.
Top land. It is the surface of the top of the tooth.
Face width. It is the width of the gear tooth measured parallel to its
axis.
Profile. It is the curve formed by the face and flank of the tooth.
Fillet radius. It is the radius that connects the root circle to the profile
of the tooth.
41. Path of contact. It is the path traced by the
point of contact of two teeth from the
beginning to the end of engagement.
Length of the path of contact. It is the
length of the common normal cut-off by the
addendum circles of the wheel and pinion.
Arc of contact. It is the path traced by a
point on the pitch circle from the beginning
to the end of engagement of a given pair of
teeth. The arc of contact consists of two
parts, i.e.
(a) Arc of approach. It is the portion of the
path of contact from the beginning of the
engagement to the pitch point.
(b) Arc of recess. It is the portion of the
path of contact from the pitch point to the
end of the engagement of a pair of teeth.
42. Gear Trains
When two or more gears are made to mesh
with each other to transmit power from one
shaft to other. Such an arrangement is called
gear train.
Types:
Simple gear train
Compound gear train
Epicyclic gear train
43. Simple gear train
When there is only one gear on each
shaft, then it is known as simple gear
train.
6
44. Simple gear train…
When the distance between the two gears is large
and we need Constant velocity ratio:
The motion from one gear to another, in such a
case, may be transmitted by either of the following
two methods
1. By providing the large sized gear
2. By providing one or more intermediate gears.
The first method (i.e. providing large sized gears) is very
inconvenient and uneconomical method
whereas the latter method (i.e. providing one or more
intermediate gear) is very convenient and economical.
45. Simple gear train…
Intermediate gears:
Intermediate gears are called
idle gears, as they do not
effect the speed ratio or train
value of the system.
1. To connect gears where a
large centre distance is
required
2. To obtain the desired
direction of motion of the
driven gear(i.e. clockwise or
anticlockwise)
46. Simple gear train…
Intermediate gears:
when the number of intermediate gears are odd,
the motion of both the gears (i.e. driver and driven
or follower) is like.
If the number of intermediate gears are even, the
motion of the driven or follower will be in the
opposite direction of the driver.
47. ADVANTAGES of Simple Gear Train
to connect gears where a large center distance is
required
to obtain desired direction of motion of the driven
gear ( CW or CCW)
to obtain high speed ratio
48. Compound gear train
When there are more than one gear on a
shaft , then the gear train is called a
compound train of gear.
49. ADVANTAGES of Compound Gear Train
A much larger speed reduction from the first
shaft to the last shaft can be obtained with
small gear.
If a simple gear trains used to give a large
speed reduction, the last gear has to be very
large.
50. Epicyclic Gear Train
When there is relative
motion between two or
more of the axes of
wheels, such
arrangement is called
epicyclic gear train.
A small gear at the
center called the sun,
several medium sized
gears called the planets
and a large external
gear called the ring gear.
51. ADVANTAGES of Epicyclic Gear
Train
•They have higher gear ratios.
•They are popular for automatic transmissions in
automobiles.
•They are also used in bicycles for controlling power
of pedaling automatically or manually.
•They are also used for power transmission
between internal combustion engine and an electric
motor.
52. Review Questions
Short Answer Questions
1. Differentiate between open belt and crossed belt
drive.
2. What are the commonly used materials for flat belts?
3. List out the applications of belt drives.
4. What do you mean by slip in a belt drive?
5. Differentiate between belt drive and chain drive.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain with neat sketch, the types of various drives.
2. List out the advantages and disadvantages of all
drives.
3. Compare flat belt and V belts.
4. Briefly explain chain drives.
5. Briefly explain pulley drives.
53. Sources/Links
1. Image references
2. http://mechteacher.com/mt/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Flat-belt-
drive.png
3. http://www.globalspec.com/ImageRepository/LearnMore/20135/crossed
%20belt%20drive0cb067c5f9ea41978ae3d270411d8715.png
4. http://www.thecartech.com/subjects/auto_eng/Gear_Types_files/image00
1.jpg
5. http://file1.cucdc.com/cwfiles/11/66011/picture/F5.4%20Nomenclature
%20of%20the%20spur%20gear%20teeth.jpg
6. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-
Delhi/Kinematics%20of%20Machine/site/gear/pics/image012b.png
Content References
– Elements of Mechanical Engineering by H.G. Katariya, J.P
Hadiya, S.M.Bhatt , Books India Publication.
-Elements of Mechanical Engineering by V.K.Manglik, PHI
-Elements of Mechanical Engineering by R.K Rajput.
-Elements of Mechanical Engineering by P.S.Desai & S.B.Soni