This document provides an overview of strategies for teaching reading for the First Certificate exam. It discusses analyzing texts in parts 1, 2 and 3 and encouraging predictive exercises. Tips are provided like focusing on referents, using memory tricks and having students rephrase questions. The document also addresses encouraging extensive reading, upcoming exam changes and references for further reading.
Please do appropriate corrections when needed. These materials are meant for the present syllabus at the time o preparation and subject to amendments...thank you...
Reshaping the Value of Grammatical Feedback on Writing Using ColorsToyo University
This presentation introduces a new approach to error correction that features the use of colors as a code. Using colors to highlight patterns in students’ errors allows them to readily notice their strengths and weaknesses in grammar. This enhanced awareness focuses attention and motivates students to develop their grammatical accuracy.
Please do appropriate corrections when needed. These materials are meant for the present syllabus at the time o preparation and subject to amendments...thank you...
Reshaping the Value of Grammatical Feedback on Writing Using ColorsToyo University
This presentation introduces a new approach to error correction that features the use of colors as a code. Using colors to highlight patterns in students’ errors allows them to readily notice their strengths and weaknesses in grammar. This enhanced awareness focuses attention and motivates students to develop their grammatical accuracy.
Teachers' and Students' Attitudes Toward Error Correction in L2 WritingASM Mustafizur Rahman
Comparing student and teacher attitudes toward various aspects of language and instruction including the way writing errors are corrected is a fruitful activity in language education and SLA classroom research. To contribute to this line of inquiry, the present study investigated the preferences of 30 EFL teachers and 100 L2 students as to various language features as well as error marking techniques in writing. Two questionnaires were developed to elicit views of students and teachers on various error correction techniques in L2 writing. To add a qualitative dimension to the study and to triangulate the findings, nine teachers who took part in the survey study were invited for follow-up interviews. The results revealed that there are noticeable differences in the preferences and attitudes of teachers and students toward issues related to marking writing papers.
Furthermore, not only were differences observed between students and teachers in terms of their preferences and attitudes, but there was also disagreement between teachers themselves and among students as to the most appropriate error correction techniques. Further results and implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
Teachers' and Students' Attitudes Toward Error Correction in L2 WritingASM Mustafizur Rahman
Comparing student and teacher attitudes toward various aspects of language and instruction including the way writing errors are corrected is a fruitful activity in language education and SLA classroom research. To contribute to this line of inquiry, the present study investigated the preferences of 30 EFL teachers and 100 L2 students as to various language features as well as error marking techniques in writing. Two questionnaires were developed to elicit views of students and teachers on various error correction techniques in L2 writing. To add a qualitative dimension to the study and to triangulate the findings, nine teachers who took part in the survey study were invited for follow-up interviews. The results revealed that there are noticeable differences in the preferences and attitudes of teachers and students toward issues related to marking writing papers.
Furthermore, not only were differences observed between students and teachers in terms of their preferences and attitudes, but there was also disagreement between teachers themselves and among students as to the most appropriate error correction techniques. Further results and implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
The role of written dialogue in advising (Talk T1)
Presenters: Jo Mynard and Katherine Thornton, Kanda University of International Studies, Japan
In this session, the presenters explore the nature of the written dialogue between learning advisors and language learners and discuss the importance of this kind of dialogue for the development of learner autonomy. By analysing comments written by learning advisors on students’ work in two different self-directed learning modules over a one-semester period, the researchers identify patterns of written advising which they will share during the presentation. The different approaches that advisors take and specific strategies that they use in written format to interact with students will be presented and discussed.
A lesson in conducting an interview.
Disclaimer, some images inserted on the presentation are not mine, they retrieved from different sources over the internet, espcially Google.
Drills and dialogues are among the most traditional materials used by languageteachers. The content of drills and dialogues and how much we use them haschanged considerably over the years. This is because teachers and materials devel-opers have been paying more and more attention to ways of providing studentswith meaningful materials and content that allow them to engage in “real” commu-nication. Role plays and plays, which are often forms of extended dialogues, arepart of the repertoire of practice activities and materials.
'Can I just interrupt for a moment?' / 'I'm sorry, I didn't catch that'.
These are key phrases for communication skills. BE is full of them. They need revision if students are to remember and use them.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. .resources
> For sample exams used in this presentation consult:
- FCE teacher’s handbook
For Reading part 1 and 2 sample papers.
-FCE for schools teacher’s handbook
For Reading part 3 sample paper.
3. .content
s
.introduction
.exam outline
.analysis + strategy for part 1
.analysis + strategy for part 2
- break –
.analysis + strategy for part 3
.encouraging reading
.changes to the exam
.references and further support
.q&a
4. .did you know?
>Did you know?
A native English adult speaker is said to have a vocabulary of between
20,000–35,000 words.
5. .introductio
n
task
- first put the sentences in order.
-then talk to a partner about the words which helped you.
>Did you know?
The word text comes from the Latin textere, meaning to weave.
6. .introductio
n
task
1. My name is Chris and I’m from Manchester.
2. I went to school there and later went to university in Newcastle.
3. I studied Linguistics there.
4. On graduating, I came to work as a teacher in Spain.
5. I’ve been doing this now for about 5 years.
6. As for FCE, I’ve been teaching it since I started.
7. I find it interesting and it’s my favourite exam to teach.
8. I hope you find today’s session useful.
9. If you do, please let us know!
7. .introductio
n
quiz
1. How many parts are there to the Reading paper?
2. How long should students spend on each part?
3. What’s the answer sheet?
4. How are marks weighted?
5. In which part of the exam might students read part of a novel?
6. Which part of the reading is said to ‘help distinguish between strong and weak candidates’?
7. In which part of the exam is an understanding of grammatical and lexical referencing most
useful?
8. In which part of the exam do students need to recognise different attitudes and opinions?
9. What will happen to the FCE Reading exam in 2015?
10. What’s your experience of teaching FCE? How do you currently teach Reading?
15. .overview
>Did you know?
500 – 600 hours of guided learning hours are said to be necessary to attain a
B2 level of language.
Introductory Guide to CEFR, CEP.
19. >strategy
prediction > skimming > locating and justifying > analysis
>expert’s view
Ask learners to guess the context after initial exposure
Thornbury, Introduction to Discourse
20.
21.
22. >notes
- get students to read the 1st question highlighting any key words
- read the 1st paragraph, find the answer, highlight it and justify it
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. >task
- look at one of the questions – find the answer and think about
how you could help you students when you feedback.
- give them a time limit
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. >ideas for the classroom
- answer sheets
- language analysis
- predictive exercises
36. >answer sheets
- get students used to exam format
- pencils
- a record of students’ progress
37. >language analysis
- choose a difficult or interesting part of the text and analyse it
- get students noticing things
- identify gaps in their knowledge
38. >expert’s view
For students to become better readers in English knowing
vocabulary and how sentences are formed in English is
more useful than practising reading skills.
Walter & Swan
41. >language analysis
- There’s lots of narrative tenses (e.g. past simple, past perfect).
Now tell them they’ll have to remember the verbs.
42. >language analysis
- Was it easy? Any ideas for productive tasks following this?
- What other aspects of language might be interesting to focus on?
43. >conclusion
Draw attention to, and categorise the features that bind texts together.
Then, encourage learners to reproduce them in their own texts
Thornbury, Introduction to Discourse
44.
45. Cohesion, is the surface feature of texts, independent of the reader. Coherence
results from interaction between the reader and the text.
Beyond the sentence, Thornbury
49. strategy
prediction > key words > focus on the ‘before and after’ > review > analysis
>notes
- what questions might you ask learners here? What kind of predictive
exercises can you think of?
50. strategy
prediction > key words > focus on the ‘before and after’ > review > analysis
>notes
- what questions might you ask learners here?
suggestions: What do you know about…?, Have you ever…?, Why do people…?
51. expert’s view
It often pays to focus initially on the first sentence of a text, eg. by writing
it on the board, dictating it, or having a student read it aloud, and to
‘unpack’ it, before going onto the rest of the text.
Beyond the sentence, Thornbury.
53. strategy
prediction > key words > focus on the ‘before and after’ > review > analysis
>suggestions
- Has Anna always been a mountain biker? How would you
describe the speed of her progress? Is she the best?
54.
55. strategy
prediction > key words > focus on the ‘before and after’ > review > analysis
>notes
- what would you focus learners on here?
56. strategy
prediction > key words > focus on the ‘before and after’ > review > analysis
>suggestion
- repetition of word race, it meaning ‘race’ and the lack of success is
probably going to be elaborated on
64. > notes
- a race is contrast with practice sessions
- words in the same lexical set (*this time it wasn’t as helpful)
65. > notes
- contradiction of previous idea then elaborated
- words in the same lexical set (*this time it wasn’t as helpful)
66. > ideas for the classroom
- focus on referents and their use
- memory tricks
67. focus on it
- choose some sentences from the text and isolate them. Can you remember the
context? What do you think it refers to? What’s missing that you need to make
sense of these phrases?
‘It wasn’t an amazing success.’
‘I say, ‘Yes it is, and I love it.’
‘However, you quickly learn how to do it so as not to hurt yourself.’
68. focus on it
Is it easier now? Why?
My first race was in 1995. It wasn’t an amazing success.
People ask me if downhill racing is scary. ‘I say, ‘Yes it is, and I love it.’
I’ve fallen off more times that I can to remember. However, you quickly
learn how to do it so as not to hurt yourself.’
69. focus on it
Is it easier now? Why?
My first race was in 1995. It wasn’t an amazing success.
it replace the noun phrase ‘my first race’
People ask me if downhill racing is scary. ‘I say, ‘Yes it is, and I love it.’
it replaces a noun phrase downhill racing and answers the indirectly posed
question, ‘Is downhill racing scary? Yes, it is.
I’ve fallen off more times that I can to remember. However, you quickly
learn how to do it so as not to hurt yourself.’
it replaces the idea of ‘falling off’ (in this case the verb phrase ‘I’ve fallen off’)
70. focus on it
Now give them a productive task. For instance, rewrite the sentence to which it
refers using your own ideas
__________________________. It wasn’t an amazing success.
__________________________. ‘I say, ‘Yes it is, and I love it.’
__________________________. However, you quickly learn how to do it so
as not to hurt yourself.’
71. focus on it
Now give them a productive task. For instance, rewrite the sentence to which it
refers using your own ideas.
I tried to make a pizza last night. It wasn’t an amazing success.
‘Is that your dog?’, they always ask. ‘I say, ‘Yes it is, and I love it.’
Opening a bottle with your teeth is dangerous. However, you quickly learn
how to do it so as not to hurt yourself.’
72. focus on it
Now get them to swap and identify the referents in their partner’s
examples.
73. focus on it
My focus was on it but you could just as usefully choose other
aspects of discourse. What else might be useful?
74. memory tricks
Come back to your exercise at the end of the class. Can you students
remember the sentences that came before or after?
78. memory tricks
Now can you remember the missing sentence?
>notes
- focus them on the important things. e.g. What phrase associated
with success was used?
79. memory tricks
Now can you remember the missing sentence?
>notes
- encourage them to notice other interesting features of language. e.g.
when you use after, what form is the verb? What else do you notice?
84. >notes
- how can you help activate schema here?
- can you pre-empt any student problems?
85. >notes
- look through the questions – can you anticipate any problems with language?
- then find the answers to your designated questions and justify your answers.
How would you explain this to students?
97. > ideas for the classroom
- rephrasing task
- text F
- skimming race
98. rephrasing task
- show students some questions again. Based on their readings, can they
rephrase them?
‘they realised it would be difficult to change the band’s image.’
‘they nearly lost the opportunity to stay in the band.’
‘they can’t imagine giving up making music.’
99. rephrasing task
- show students some questions again. Based on their readings, can they
rephrase them?
‘they realised it would be difficult to change the band’s image.’
e.g. they knew finding a new image wouldn’t be easy
‘they nearly lost the opportunity to stay in the band.’
e.g. they were almost kicked out of the group.
‘they can’t imagine giving up making music.’
e.g. they wouldn’t know what to do without music.
- what language would you draw attention to here?
100. rephrasing task
>notes
-task contains lots of 2nd conditional examples
-uses they as a gender neutral pronoun
-typical phrasal verbs like give up and kick out of
-noun/verb collocations like ‘make music’
>summary
- encourage students to notice these things themselves
101. text F
-ask students to write text F, based on their own experiences and which
encompasses one or more of the ideas in the questions.
102. text F
-here is an example. what level is the student who wrote it?
103. skimming race
- put the texts on the walls and make a copy of the questions for each pair/group.
Cut them up and put them into piles. Give students the first one, they find the
answer quickly and when they return with the right answer you give them the next
question.
104. .encouraging reading
The most valuable preparation is to ensure that students
read a wide range of texts both in class and at home.
FCE Teacher´s handbook
105. .encouraging reading
class book club
- choose a range of graded readers appropriate to class level
- ask students to read the synopsis and the first page and make a
decision together about which book to read. Bear in mind the following:
For extensive reading to be beneficial to students at lower levels, texts need to
be simplified. This means that around 98% of the vocabulary in the text should
be familiar.
Hu & Nation
108. .changes for
2015
> summary
- doesn’t affect the way we teach reading
- focuses on the close link between grammar, vocabulary and
overall reading ability
- for more on changes go to cambridgeenglish.org
- we will run a seminar on (date) about changes to exam structure
109. .further reading
>thanks to
- Beyond the Sentence, Scott Thornbury
- Extensive Reading, Silvana Richardson (Cambridge English Teacher)
- Teaching reading skills: mostly a waste of time? Walter & Swan (link)
- Introductory guide to the CEFR for language teachers, CEP (link)
- Extensive reading activities for teaching language, Bamford & Jay
110. .online
>check out
- englishprofile.org
Searchable database of vocabulary showing level at which students know it
-testyourvocab.com
Interesting test for students to gauge their level
-cambridgeenglishteacher.org
Great resource for all matters related to teaching
-sporcle.com
quiz on 100 most common words