Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal that was used in ancient times but is now known to be toxic. It has a low melting point and is the only metal that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Mercury was used for religious and medical purposes historically but is now primarily used to manufacture chemicals and in electrical applications like fluorescent lights, though some uses are being phased out. While mercury's physical properties allow it to be walked on, exposure to its vapor leads to health problems.
Rapid Industrialization specially in developing industry in recent years causes the heavy waste water pollution due to release of heavy metal into water stream.
Chromium and lead being carcinogenic in high dosage represent threat to human health as well as flora and fauna of various water bodies.
Pollution of river stream, lakes by Heavy metal industry poses a threat to human as well as aquatic flora and fauna.
Heavy metals like lead comes under toxic category while chromium though comes under micronutrient category its excess intake is toxic to human. In human body, metals enter through animal feed, green fodder, drinking water, pharmaceutical medicines, etc.
Excessive intake of chromium by humans leads to hepatic and renal damage, capillary damage, gastrointestinal irritation and central nervous system irritation.
Maximum acceptable concentration of lead and chromium in drinking water recommended by WHO is 0.05 mg/lit respectively.
Because of above said reasons it is very much required to remove these metals before discharge into surrounding.
Chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, electro flotation, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, adsorption, biological separation are various types of removal method of heavy metals. Out of these methods we will review about adsorption.
Rapid Industrialization specially in developing industry in recent years causes the heavy waste water pollution due to release of heavy metal into water stream.
Chromium and lead being carcinogenic in high dosage represent threat to human health as well as flora and fauna of various water bodies.
Pollution of river stream, lakes by Heavy metal industry poses a threat to human as well as aquatic flora and fauna.
Heavy metals like lead comes under toxic category while chromium though comes under micronutrient category its excess intake is toxic to human. In human body, metals enter through animal feed, green fodder, drinking water, pharmaceutical medicines, etc.
Excessive intake of chromium by humans leads to hepatic and renal damage, capillary damage, gastrointestinal irritation and central nervous system irritation.
Maximum acceptable concentration of lead and chromium in drinking water recommended by WHO is 0.05 mg/lit respectively.
Because of above said reasons it is very much required to remove these metals before discharge into surrounding.
Chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, electro flotation, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, adsorption, biological separation are various types of removal method of heavy metals. Out of these methods we will review about adsorption.
mercury analysis in AAS, by fayaz hussain chandio, Introduction of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Mercury-Element information, properties and uses
Mercury contamination and Human health
Analytical methods for mercury analysis
Determination of mercury by Cold-vapor Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Atomic Spectroscopy
Atomic-absorption (AA) spectroscopy uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of gas-phase atoms.
samples are usually liquids or solids
Analyte atoms or ions must be vaporized in a flame or graphite furnace
The atoms absorb ultraviolet or visible light and make transitions to higher electronic energy levels.
Discovered approximately 1500 BC
Group 12, Period 6, Block d, Atomic number 80, Boiling point 356.619 ℃.
Mercury is an element and a transition metal that is found in air, water, and soil.
It is liquid at room temperature
Mercury has long been known as quicksilver.
Elemental mercury is liquid at room temperature. (Hg)
Inorganic mercury compounds are formed when mercury combines with other elements, such as sulfur or oxygen, to form compounds or salts. inorganic Hg (Hg2+).
Organic mercury compounds are formed when mercury combines with carbon. (MMHg, CH3Hg+), (DMHg, CH3HgCH3).
Mercury is also used in dental applications.
Coatings for mirrors.
The most important use of mercury is in the preparation of chlorine.
Mercury thermometers
and barometers.
Mercuric arsenate used
as waterproofing paints.
Mercuric chloride, or
mercury bichloride, or corrosive sublimate (HgCl ):disinfectant, insecticide.
Vapors pass through the skin into the blood stream. Can also be inhaled, can also be swallowed.
Mercury chloride known as calomel was sometimes used as a poison to kill people.
Depression, nervousness, and personality changes.
Damage to the kidneys and muscles.
Most exposure to mercury comes from the ingestion of certain foods, such as fish, in which the mercury has accumulated at high levels.
According to US EPA, list of many of the regulatory methods that are available for use with today’s technologies.
Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CVAAS):
Cold Vapour At omic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (CVAFS):
Direct Analysis by Thermal Decomposition:
ICP or ICP-MS:
SCOPE AND APPLICATION METHOD:
This procedure measures total mercury (organic + inorganic) in drinking, surface, ground, sea, brackish waters, industrial and domestic wastewater, fish and coal.
The range of the method is 0.2-10 μg Hg/L.
most modern CVAAS instruments are more sensitive, automated, smaller, faster, and less expensive than generic flame spectrometers with cold vapor devices attached.
Heating the sample in the presence of different combinations of mineral acids such as nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric and per chloric acids and also other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide.
A report for my Environmental Management for Food Industries Class
This discussed the significance of trace and heavy metals present in wastewater and also the methods that can be used to lessen and remove them.
water contamination, affects of arsenic on human health, reactivity of arsenic, sources of arsenic, natural and human induced sources of arsenic, arsenic bearing minerals, rocks containing arsenic, health affects of arsenic, redox and oxidation of arsenic
mercury analysis in AAS, by fayaz hussain chandio, Introduction of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Mercury-Element information, properties and uses
Mercury contamination and Human health
Analytical methods for mercury analysis
Determination of mercury by Cold-vapor Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Atomic Spectroscopy
Atomic-absorption (AA) spectroscopy uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of gas-phase atoms.
samples are usually liquids or solids
Analyte atoms or ions must be vaporized in a flame or graphite furnace
The atoms absorb ultraviolet or visible light and make transitions to higher electronic energy levels.
Discovered approximately 1500 BC
Group 12, Period 6, Block d, Atomic number 80, Boiling point 356.619 ℃.
Mercury is an element and a transition metal that is found in air, water, and soil.
It is liquid at room temperature
Mercury has long been known as quicksilver.
Elemental mercury is liquid at room temperature. (Hg)
Inorganic mercury compounds are formed when mercury combines with other elements, such as sulfur or oxygen, to form compounds or salts. inorganic Hg (Hg2+).
Organic mercury compounds are formed when mercury combines with carbon. (MMHg, CH3Hg+), (DMHg, CH3HgCH3).
Mercury is also used in dental applications.
Coatings for mirrors.
The most important use of mercury is in the preparation of chlorine.
Mercury thermometers
and barometers.
Mercuric arsenate used
as waterproofing paints.
Mercuric chloride, or
mercury bichloride, or corrosive sublimate (HgCl ):disinfectant, insecticide.
Vapors pass through the skin into the blood stream. Can also be inhaled, can also be swallowed.
Mercury chloride known as calomel was sometimes used as a poison to kill people.
Depression, nervousness, and personality changes.
Damage to the kidneys and muscles.
Most exposure to mercury comes from the ingestion of certain foods, such as fish, in which the mercury has accumulated at high levels.
According to US EPA, list of many of the regulatory methods that are available for use with today’s technologies.
Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CVAAS):
Cold Vapour At omic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (CVAFS):
Direct Analysis by Thermal Decomposition:
ICP or ICP-MS:
SCOPE AND APPLICATION METHOD:
This procedure measures total mercury (organic + inorganic) in drinking, surface, ground, sea, brackish waters, industrial and domestic wastewater, fish and coal.
The range of the method is 0.2-10 μg Hg/L.
most modern CVAAS instruments are more sensitive, automated, smaller, faster, and less expensive than generic flame spectrometers with cold vapor devices attached.
Heating the sample in the presence of different combinations of mineral acids such as nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric and per chloric acids and also other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide.
A report for my Environmental Management for Food Industries Class
This discussed the significance of trace and heavy metals present in wastewater and also the methods that can be used to lessen and remove them.
water contamination, affects of arsenic on human health, reactivity of arsenic, sources of arsenic, natural and human induced sources of arsenic, arsenic bearing minerals, rocks containing arsenic, health affects of arsenic, redox and oxidation of arsenic
Mercury can be found in many health care devices, including fever thermometers, blood pressure cuffs, and esophageal dilators. It is present in fluorescent lamps. Dental amalgams account for a major contribution to the global mercury load. Mercury is also found in many chemicals and measurement devices used in health care laboratories.
If any of these products are spilled, broken or disposed of improperly, there is a potential for significant harm to human
health and the environment
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Astronomy Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 8 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow and meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and follow up questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation. Teaching Duration = 5+ weeks. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit: The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEOs, The Torino Scale, The Outer Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus / Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Blackholes, Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Spacetime and much more. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Facts About Mercury - Check our astonishing compiliation of facts about mercury and much more random facts.
Visit us at http://mesmerizeus.com or follow us at https://www.facebook.com/mesmerizerz
Introduction
Winning of metals from sulphide ores
Extraction of Copper
a. Hydro - metallurgy of copper
b. Pyro - metallurgical extraction of copper
c. Newer process for copper extraction
d. Energy concepts in copper smelting
Extraction of metals from oxide members
Extraction of Lead
i. Treatments of ores of lead and its production
ii. Modern developments in lead smelting
Extraction of Zinc
a. Pyro - metallurgical extraction
b. Hydro – metallurgical extraction
c. Imperial smelting process
d. Production of other metals by ISP
e. Zinc from lead slags by slag fuming
Extraction of Nickel
Pyro – metallurgical process
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. What is Mercury ?
Mercury is a chemical
element with
symbol Hg and atomic
number 80. It is
commonly known
as quicksilver and was
formerly
named hydrargyrum
Name DES.
Symbol Hg
color silvery
Atomic No. 80
Atomic M. 200.592
phase liquid
density 13.534 g·cm−3
Melting point 234.3210 K
Boiling point 629.88 K
Discovery 2000 BC
3.
4. History of Mercury
Mercury was found
in Egyptian tombs that date
from 1500 BC.In China and Tibet,
mercury use was thought to
prolong life, heal fractures, and
maintain generally good health,
although it is now known that
exposure to mercury vapor
leads to serious adverse health
effects.
5. Properties of Mercury
Physical pro.
Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white
metal. As compared to other
metals, it is a poor conductor of
heat, but a fair conductor of
electricity. Mercury has a freezing
point of −38.83 °C and a boiling
point of 356.73 °C, both
exceptionally low for a metal, and
it is the only elemental metal
known to melt at a generally cold
temperature.
Chemical pro.
Mercury does not react with most
acids, such as dilute sulfuric acid,
although oxidizing acids such as
concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric
acid or aqua regia dissolve it to
give sulfate, nitrate,
and chloride salts. Like silver, mercury
reacts with atmospheric hydrogen
sulfide. Mercury even reacts with
solid sulfur flakes, which are used in
mercury spill kits to absorb mercury
vapors (spill kits also use activated
carbon and powdered zinc)
6. Application
Mercury is used primarily for the manufacture of industrial
chemicals or for electrical and electronic applications. It is used in
some thermometers, especially ones which are used to measure
high temperatures. A still increasing amount is used as gaseous
mercury inflorescent lamps, while most of the other applications
are slowly phased out due to health and safety regulations and is
in some applications replaced with less toxic but considerably
more expensive Galinstan alloy
8. Historical use
Quantities of liquid mercury ranging from 90 to 600 grams (3.2 to
21.2 oz) have been recovered from elite Maya tombs or ritual caches
at six sites. This mercury may have been used in bowls
as mirrors for divinatory purposes. Five of these date to the Classic
Period of Maya civilization (c. 250–900) but one example predated
this.
In Islamic Spain, it was used for filling decorative pools. Later, the
American artist Alexander Calder built a mercury fountain for the
Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris. The fountain is
now on display at the Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona.
Mercury was used inside wobbler lures. Its heavy, liquid form made it
useful since the lures made an attractive irregular movement when
the mercury moved inside the plug. Such use was stopped due to
environmental concerns, but illegal preparation of modern fishing
plugs has occurred
