Mercury is a liquid metal that was named after the Roman god Mercury. It has an atomic number of 80 and average atomic mass of 200.59. Mercury has 6s valence electrons and is classified uniquely as both a metal and liquid. It has many uses in thermometers and scientific tools due to its properties, but is also highly toxic to humans and can cause severe illness or death if exposed. Mercury was known and used in ancient Egypt and other ancient civilizations, and remains the only metal that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure.