Urinary tract infections are common and usually caused by E. coli. Risk factors include incomplete bladder emptying and loss of host defenses. Symptoms include frequent urination and pain with urination. Diagnosis involves urine culture and treatment involves antibiotics like trimethoprim. Recurrent infections require investigating and treating underlying causes to prevent kidney damage. Asymptomatic bacteriuria often does not require treatment except in infants, pregnant women, and catheterized patients.