This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs) in females. It notes that UTIs are the most common infection in humans, with 30-50% of females experiencing one in their lifetime. Females are more susceptible due to anatomical factors like a shorter urethra. Common risk factors include poor hygiene, sexual practices, holding urine for long periods, and constipation. Symptoms include painful urination, burning, and blood in the urine. Prevention strategies focus on proper perineal hygiene, menstrual hygiene, avoiding tight underwear, maintaining good general hygiene, and treating constipation.

1. Urinary Tract Infection in
Females
Dr. Vinod Jain
MS, FACS, FAIS, FIMSA, FLCS, FMAS, FIAGES, MAMS
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
King George’s Medical University, Lucknow

2. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
• Any infection in urine forming, Storing or
Excretory system
• most common infection in human beings
• 30-50% females suffer with UTI in their life
time
• Females remain susceptible throughout
their life span
• Males are susceptible at Extremes of life

3. Why UTI more common in
females?
• Short urethra
• Proximity of anus to vaginal orifice
• Absence of Prostatic Secretion
• Menstruation
• Contraceptives
• Cervical erosion – Leucorrhoea in urinary
tract
• Use of unclean toilets

4. How Bacteria reach
• Ascending rout
• Haematogenous
• Lymphatic

5. Common Promoting factors for
Ascent of bacteria
• Anatomical reasons
• Unhealthy sexual practices
• Unclean under garments
• Poor napkin hygiene
• Unclean toilets
• Holding urine for longer time
• Poor general hygine
• General body resistance

6. Defense mechanisms of Body
• High concentration of urine
• Constant flaw of urine with complete
voiding
• Protection by Bladder muces
• Special protection substance – Tam
Horsfall glycoprotem
• Urethral seal effect
• General body resistance

7. Age wise predisposing for UTI in
females
Neonates & infants
• Non cleanliness – Untrained mother
• Nappy hugine – soaked nappy promote
bacterial growth
• Abundance of fatty tissue in infants –
Crevices along folds

8. Preschool & School going girls
• Faulty perineal cleaning – Ignorance in
independence
• Fecal soiling
• Unclean panties – moist with sweat & urine
• Faulty bladder training – Bacteria grow in
stagnant urine
• Constipation –
- Poor basel training
- Consumption of biscuits & chocolates

9. Pubertal girls
• Unclean sanitary napkins – Ignorance
• Masturbatory practices
- Urethral trauma
- Loss of urethral seal effect
• Constipation

10. Sexually active females
• Unhealthy sexual hygine (honeymoon
cystitis)
• Use of contraceptive device
• Cervical erosion / Vaginits

11. Child bearing / Pregnancy
• Upper tract predisposed
• ↑ Urethral tone & peustalis
• Temporary incompetence of v-U value
due to progesterone
• Mechanical obstruction of ureter
• Congestion in bladder wall due to
pressure
• Catheterization at delivers

12. Post menopausal females
• Less production of ovarian hormones
• Females genital tract atrophies
• Hypoplastic / Dry / loss of secretion
• Bladder out flow obstruction due to senile
urethral stenosis & urethral caruncle
• Prolapse – Cystocele, Rectorcele
• Stress incontinence

13. Senile / Elderly females
• Poor body resistance
• Neglected constipation
• Co morbid disease – Diabetes,
neuropathy, fecal incontinence
• Dementia
• ↓ Vaginal glycogen & ↑ Vaginal pH leads
to ↑ Bact growth & senile vaginity

14. What are Symptoms of UTI (lower)
• Painful micturition
• Burning seusation in micturition
• Frequency
• Urgent desire to void
• Foul smell in urine
• Cloudy urine
• Blood in urine
• Bed wetting
• Fever with chills & rigors

15. General symptoms
• Fever
• Nausea / Vomiting
• Headache
• Cassinede / Tiredness
• Anorexia
• Failure to thrive in cluld

16. How can be prevent UTI?

17. Perineal hygiene
• Nappy hygiene
• After defecation wash bottom from “front
or back”
• Avoid bubble bath or adding chemicals to
bath Tub
• Use of clean water for toilet purpose

18. How can we prevent UTI?
B – sexual Hygiene
• Clean genitalia before intercourse
• Avoid multiple sex partners
• Use of condoms
• Swich over to contraceptive pills for
contraception
• Avoid unclean lubricants during intercourse
• Avoid master batory practice
• Void after intercourse

19. How can we prevent UTI?
C- Menstrual hygiene
• Use sterile cotton / Pads
• Change sanitary napkins 4 times a day
• Avoid house hold materials
• Refrain from sexual activity

20. How can we prevent UTI?
• Avoid tight & wet under garments
• Clean panties
• Check constipation
• Proper toilet training to young girls
• Avoid fast food & constipating diet

21. How can we prevent UTI?
• Plenty of water
• Voiding after sexual intercourse
• Voiding at bed time
• Alkalinisation of urine
• Control of diabetics & other durnic disease
• Good nutrition

22. Thank you