This document discusses key concepts related to safe medication administration in nursing. It defines key terms and outlines learning objectives. The document covers medication names, classifications, routes of administration, principles of drug action, and factors affecting drug safety. It also discusses medication orders, prescriptions, calculations, and legal aspects of medication administration. The goal is to develop knowledge around safe and effective medication practices in nursing.
Back care consists of cleaning and massaging back (from shoulder to lower level of the buttocks) by using scientific form of required strokes for maximizing cutaneous stimulation, comfort and emotional relaxation as well.
Back care consists of cleaning and massaging back (from shoulder to lower level of the buttocks) by using scientific form of required strokes for maximizing cutaneous stimulation, comfort and emotional relaxation as well.
Types of bed in Nursing- easy explanation for Student Nurses
CLOSED BED
OPEN BED
ADMISSION BED
OCCUPIED BED
OPERATION BED/POST ANESTHESIA BED/RECOVERY BED
CARDIAC BED
FRACTURE BED
AMPUTATION BED/STUMP BED
BURN BED
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Administration of Medication, Unit - 12 FONAtul Yadav
Administration of Medication
1.Introduction of medication ,drug
2. Drug
3. Medication
4. Name of drugs or Nomenclature
5. Classification of drugs
6. Classification of drugs according to their action
7. Terminologies of drugs
8. Routes of drug administration
a. Oral route
b. Sublingual route
c. Rectal route
d. Inhalation route
e. Cutaneous route
f. Parental route
9. Intravenous
10. Interamuscular
11. Intradermal
12. subcutaneous
13. Purposes of medication
14. Principles of medication
15. Medication errors
16. Drugs form
17. Storage and maintenance of drugs
18. Effects of drugs on the body
19. Factors affecting drugs response
20. Factors affecting drug absorption
21. Systems of drug measurement
22. Converting measurements units
23. Dose calcuations
24. Abbreviations used in drugs
25. Abbreviations uses in pharmacology
26. Abbreviations use in nursing
27. Oral drug administration equipments
28. Oral administration procedure
29. Parental administration procedure
30. Cannula
31. Types of cannula
32. Needle stick injuries
33. Preventing needle stick injuries
Types of bed in Nursing- easy explanation for Student Nurses
CLOSED BED
OPEN BED
ADMISSION BED
OCCUPIED BED
OPERATION BED/POST ANESTHESIA BED/RECOVERY BED
CARDIAC BED
FRACTURE BED
AMPUTATION BED/STUMP BED
BURN BED
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Administration of Medication, Unit - 12 FONAtul Yadav
Administration of Medication
1.Introduction of medication ,drug
2. Drug
3. Medication
4. Name of drugs or Nomenclature
5. Classification of drugs
6. Classification of drugs according to their action
7. Terminologies of drugs
8. Routes of drug administration
a. Oral route
b. Sublingual route
c. Rectal route
d. Inhalation route
e. Cutaneous route
f. Parental route
9. Intravenous
10. Interamuscular
11. Intradermal
12. subcutaneous
13. Purposes of medication
14. Principles of medication
15. Medication errors
16. Drugs form
17. Storage and maintenance of drugs
18. Effects of drugs on the body
19. Factors affecting drugs response
20. Factors affecting drug absorption
21. Systems of drug measurement
22. Converting measurements units
23. Dose calcuations
24. Abbreviations used in drugs
25. Abbreviations uses in pharmacology
26. Abbreviations use in nursing
27. Oral drug administration equipments
28. Oral administration procedure
29. Parental administration procedure
30. Cannula
31. Types of cannula
32. Needle stick injuries
33. Preventing needle stick injuries
Clinical pharmacy is a health science discipline in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, and disease prevention.
Community Pharmacy.
Hospital Pharmacy.
Clinical Pharmacy.
Industrial Pharmacy.
Compounding Pharmacy.
Consulting Pharmacy.
Ambulatory Care pharmacy.
Regulatory Pharmacy.
Briefly described by Dr. Nizar Muhammad, with a clinical perspective, for the students of Pharmacy and specially for nursing students, the data is taken from an american book, named as Clinical Pharmacology_anonim.
Chapter 8_Over The Counter (OTC) Medications.pptxVinayGaikwad14
Definition, need and role of Pharmacists in OTC medication dispensing
OTC medications in India, counseling for OTC products
Self-medication and role of pharmacists in promoting the safe practices during self medication
Responding to symptoms, minor ailments, and advice for self-care in conditions
This is to deal with UG Pharmacology entry label practical To know what are the various sources of drug information.
To select the appropriate source depending on the information.
To discuss briefly the role of electronic media in medicine.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
On completion of this chapter, the students
will be able to do the following:
Define the key terms used.
Discuss the important concepts related to the safe and
effective administration of medication.
Describe various factors that affect the action of drugs in
individual clients.
Discuss the legal implications connected with medication
administration.
List the common abbreviation used in relation to
administration of medication.
Understand the calculation of drug.
Develop knowledge regarding medication assessment
3. INTRODUCTION
Administration of medication is a basic nursing
function that involves knowledge and skill. The safe
and accurate administration is the most important
responsibility of nurse. Improper administration can
cause harmful effects.
Some basic points regarding drugs:
Name of the drug
Classification
Route and time of administration
Principles of drug action
Dosage
Medication standards
4. Sources of information about medication
System of medication distribution
Medication order
Prescription and non prescription medication
Weights and measures used
Preparation of solution and calculation
Storing of medication
Factors affecting safety
Abbreviation and symbols used
Rules of administration
Legal aspects, nurse practice acts, clients rights
Institutional policies
Nurses role.
5. Medication
A Drug is
Any substance that alters physiologic
function, with the potential of affecting
health.
A Medication is
A substance used in the diagnosis,
treatment, cure, relief, or prevention of
health alteration.
6. Names of the Drugs
Drugs may be known as several name.
1. Chemical Name :Which is known to
chemist; it indicates the ingredient of the
drug. Identify the molecular structure.
E.g. ibuprofen (anti-inflammatory)2-
4(isobutyl phenyl)Propionic acid.
2. Generic Name: It is assigned by the
manufacturer who first developed the
drug and is assigned by the United
States Adopted Names Council. It is
derived form chemical name. E.g.
7. 3. Official Name: It is assigned by the food
and drug administration after approval. It
is often same as generic name.
4. Trade Name: it is assigned by the
manufacturer and is copyrighted. One
drug may be manufactured by several
companies. For E.g. Paracetamol such as
Crocin, Calpol, Ifimol, Metacin etc.
8. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
According to action:
o Analgesics: Drugs used to relieve pain
o Anesthetics: Drugs which causes loss of sensation
o Anthelmintic: Drugs which destroy and expel worms
o Antipyretics: Drugs which reduce fever
o Antidotes: Used to Counteract the effect of poison.
o Anti-infective: Act either to inhibit, kill the micro organism.
o Anti-inflammatory: To reduce Inflammation
o Anti-coagulants: Inhibit or decrease the blood clotting process.
o Anti-histamines: used to prevent of relieve allergy
o Antacids: react with HCL to decrease activity of stomach
secretions.
o Anti convulsants: used to prevent of treat convulsions
9. o Antibiotics: Ability to destroy or inhibit the growth of micro
organism
o Anti-diarrhetics: used to treat diarrhea
o Antitussives: drugs inhibit the cough reflex (CNS)
o Anti-asthmatics: Drugs which provides relief for asthmatic attack
by relaxing the smooth muscles of bronchioles.
o Antiseptic: Inhibits the growth of bacteria
o Antifungal: drugs which prevent the growth of fungi
o Antispasmodic: relieves the spasmodic pains or spasm of muscles
o Antiemetics: relieves or prevents nausea and vomiting.
o Anti-tubercular: used to treat tuberculosis
o Coagulants: helps in the coagulation of blood.
o Carminatives: Drugs which cause expulsion of gas from stomach
and intestines.
10. o Diaphoresis: Increase the action of sweat glands.
o Diuretics: Which increase the flow of urine
o Detergents: A cleansing agent
o Digestants: An agent that promotes digestion
o Emetics: drug that produce vomiting
o Ecbolics or oxytocics: Drugs that stimulates uterine contractions
o Expectorants: Increase the bronchial secretions and aid in the
expulsion of the mucus
o Emollient: Substances that smoothen, soften and protect the skin
o Galactogogue: Substance that increase the flow of milk
o Hypnotics: Drugs that produce sleep
o Hemostatics: An agent to check hemorrhage
o Hypotensive: any substance capable of lowering BP
o Hypoglycemic: Drugs that lower the blood sugar level
o Haematinics: an agent which tends to increase Hb content of blood
11. o Mydriatics: Dilate the pupils of eye
o Nasal decongestant: Drugs which relieve the nasal congestion
o Narcotics: Drugs that produces stupor or complete
insensibility
o Scabicides: Used in the treatment of scabies
o Sedatives: Substances which lessen the body activity
o Stimulants: Increase functional activity of an organ or system
o Vesicants: A blistering agent
o Vasodilators: Drugs which dilate the blood vessels and
lowering BP
o Vasoconstrictors: Drugs which constrict the blood vessels and
raising the BP
12. Classification of drugs
(To promote the client’s functional health
pattern)
Health Pattern Class of Drugs
Activity and Exercise Antihypertensive
Antiarrythmatics
Antianginal
Anticoagulants
Bronchodilators
Nutrition and Metabolism Antibiotics
Antiemetics
Antacids
Insulin
corticosteroids
13. Elimination Laxatives
Antidiarrhoeals
Diuretics
Sleep, Rest, Cognition and
Perception
Sedatives
Hypnotics
Analgesics
Antipsychotics
Coping and stress tolerance Anti-anxiety agent
Anti-depressant agent
Sexuality and reproduction Ovarian hormones
14. Sources of Information about medications
A fundamental rule of safe administration of
a drug is “Never administer an unfamiliar
medication”
Printed Material: Books are written and published.
Detailed sources available from sources such as American
Hospital Formulary Service Drug information, physician
desk reference, pharmacopoeia.
People: Physician who prescribe the particular drugs and
other experienced nurses, pharmacists and pharmaceutical
sales representatives
Computer Based Resources: Resources which are based
on computers are also available for drug reference.
15. SYSTEMOF MEDICATION DISTRIBUTION
Four types of system are used:
1. The stock supply: large quantity medication are
stored in locked cupboard in a storage room.
2. The unit dose supply: Packing of the individual
clients dose and gives on time of administration.
3. The automated medication dispensing system: By
this method nurses obtain desired medication from
menu. This system helps to keep and account of all
medication used for billing and controlled substance
for record keeping
16. 4. The self administered supply: Each medication is
supplied in a separate container and is used only for one client
medication. It can be stored at the client’s bedside, so as to
enable self administration.
Prescription medication:
A Prescription is a legal
order for the preparation
and administration of
medication. Medication
require medical
supervision because of
dangerous side effects.
Non Prescription Medication:
Many medication are available
without specific written orders
from a health care provider.
They are considered safe when
used as directed and it is
dangerous if it is misused,
since it may cause, serious side
effects.
17. Medication order
The prescription of a medication conveys an
order which has the following components:
Clients name
Identification or medical number
Medication’s name
Amount and dosage
Routes of administration
Signature of Health care provider
Use of abbreviations
18. Some important abbreviations
Abbreviations Derivation Meaning
a.c. Ante cibum Before meal
p.c. Post cibum After meal
a.m. Ante meridiem Before noon
p.m. Post meridiem After noon
Alt. die Alternis diebus Alternate day
o.m. Omni name Each morning
o.d. Omni die Daily (once a day)
H.S Hora somni Bed time
p.r.n Pro re nata When required
s.o.s. Si opus sit When necessary in emergency
b.D (B.i.d) Bis in die Twice a day
t.i.d (t.d.s) Ter in the die Three times in a day
Stat Statim At once
o.n. Omni note Each night
19. Types of order
• Standing orders
• PRN orders E.g. Pain killers
• One time or single order E.g. preoperative
medications
• Stat order E.g. Inj. Lasix 40 mg iv stat
• Telephone, verbal and Fax orders
20. PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION
Pharmacokinetics: It is defined as what body does
to the drug.
It has four steps-
i. Absorption
ii. Distribution
iii. Metabolism
iv. Excretion
Pharmacodynamics: It is defined as what a drug
does in the body
21. EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE BODY
1. Therapeutic Effects: It is the effect which is
desired or the reason of drug is prescribed. Therapeutic effects
are the medication’s desired and intentional effects.
The drugs are administered for the following purposes:
• To promote health E.g. Vitamins
• To prevent diseases E.g. Vaccines or anti toxins
• To diagnose diseases E.g. Barium x-ray
• To alleviate diseases E.g. Analgesics
• To treat or cure a disease E.g. malaria, T.b etc
2. Local or systemic Effects: Local effects of a
drug are expected when they are applied topically to the skin. A
drugs used for systemic effect must be absorbed into the blood
stream to produce the desired effect in the various systems and
parts of the body.
22. 3. Adverse effect: Adverse effect is any effect
other than the therapeutic effect. Some adverse effects
are minor, whereas some other may cause very serious
health problems.
4. Side effects: Side effects are the minor adverse
effects. Side effects can be harmful or harmless. Some
side effects are like allergic reactions. Skin rashes,
nausea, vomiting, Hypotension, hypertension, anorexia,
abdominal pain, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity etc.
23. Routes of Administration
Drugs are administered according to the preparation of the
drug administered and the effect desired.
The different routes of administration of medication are
described as follows:
a. Oral administration E.g. tablets
b. Sublingual administration Tab. NTG
c. Inhalation Eg. Chlorofom, ether to for anesthetic effects
d. Topical application E.g. Ointments
e. Instillation E.g. Eye, ear drops
f. Insertion E.g. Suppository
g. Insufflation E.g. Powder, vapour
h. Implantation: Putting solid drugs in to the bod tissues.
24. i. Parenteral administration: Parenteral Means giving of
therapeutic agents outside the alimentary canal. It is
accomplished by a needle.
Intramuscular: In to muscle
Subcutaneous: In to sc tissues
Intradermal: under the epidermis and in to dermis
Intravenous: In to vein
Intra Arterial: In to arteries
Intrathoracic: Into Cardiac muscles
Intrathecal or intra spinal: In to spinal cavity
Intraosseous: In to the bone marrow
Intraperitoneal: In to the peritoneal cavity
25. Medication assessment
Medication assessment is important in order to:
- Administer medication safely.
- Determine effectiveness of the medication.
- Identify any adverse effects of the medication.
- Plan appropriate teaching plan to patient.
- Promote compliance with therapy.
The important information to be obtained
during initial assessment:
History of medication: Name, dosage, time and purpose.
Allergies: name of medication and associate signs and
symptoms.
Medical History: renal, cardiac, respiratory dysfunction.
Pregnancy and lactation status: avoid using teratogenic drugs
26. Assessment before medication administration
1. Medication Record medication sheet
and order
2. Diet or fluid order (IF NBM)
3. Laboratory values
4. Physical assessment:
Ability to swallow
Gastrointestinal motility
Adequate muscular mass for sc or im injections
Adequate venous access
Vital signs
Body system assessment
27. MEDICATION ERROR
It is the administration of drug:
o Which is not given according to the order.
o Is administered as per the order, but is unsafe or inappropriate
for the client.
o When documentation in a client’s chart does not reflect that a
medication was administered as ordered.
o Medication was given, but not charted.
o Administration of I.V. medication at wrong rate.
o Administering medication at wrong dose.
o Administering medication at wrong time.
o Administering the wrong medication.
o Charting medication was not given.
28. o Administering substitution medication.
o Failure to give a medication within the prescribed time
interval
o Giving a medication by wrong route.
o Incorrect preparation of a drug by an incorrect route.
o Administering medication to a client with known allergy to
that medication.
o Improper technique when administering a drug.
o Administering medication to the wrong client.
When a medication error occurs, it must be documented exactly
as it has occurred
37. Practice Question:
The physician orders Ampicillin 500mg q6h
orally (po). Ampicillin is available: 250mg
capsule (cap). How many capsules would
you administer q6h?
*check answer: ?
38. Practice Question:
The physician orders Lanoxin 0.25mg IM
every day. Lanoxin is available: 0.5mg per
2 ml. How much Lanoxin would you
administer IM ?
*check answer: ?
39.
40.
41.
42. SAFETY MEASURES
The rights ensures safety of giving drugs:
Right client
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right Documentation
Right to refusal