This document provides an overview of media in India from pre-independence to modern times. It discusses how media has evolved from primarily print pre-independence to the growth of television, radio, and new digital media. Key developments include the introduction of color television and private channels in the 1980s and 90s, the growth of literacy and purchasing power increasing newspaper circulation, and rising internet and mobile phone use. The document also examines the tension between media as a consumer product seeking profit versus its role in social good and development.

1. MEDIA IN INDIA
- A PERSPECTIVE VIEW
Kartick Chandra Barman

2. INFO MEDIA TARGET
AUDIENCE
MASS /
SOCIETY
MASS
MEDIA
INFORMED
SOCIETY
DEV DEMOCRACY

3. MEDIA
INFORMATION
MEDIA
PUBLIC
INSTANT/
IMMEDIATE
PUBLIC
OPINION
RESPONSIBILITY REACTION
OF MEDIA

4. MEDIA
CONSUMER
PRODUCT
SOCIAL
GOOD
BALANCE
Max. Profit
More Taker
Social
Responsibility

5. ROLE OF MEDIA
INFORMATION
EDUCATION
ENTERTAINMENT
COMBINATION

6. PRE INDEPENDENT INDIA
• PRIMARILY PRINT MEDIA
• TOOL FOR MOBILISING PUBLIC
OPINION AGAINST THE BRITISH
• MOST OF OUR NATIONAL LEADERS
HAD A NEWSPAPER FOR THIS
• PRIMARILY A MISSION

7. INDEPENDENT INDIA
• IMMEDIATE:-
• OWN GOVT.
• HONEYMOONING
PERIOD
• AFTERWARDS:-
• DISILLUSIONMENT
• STARTED
CRITICISING OWN
GOVT.
• PEAK OF
CRITICISM
• EMERGENCY
• INVESTIGATIVE
JOURNALISM

8. MEDIA IN 80’s & AFTER - I
• TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN:-
• COLOUR IN DAILY NEWSPAPER
• AUTOMATION IN
- NEWSGATHERING
- PROCESSING
- PRODUCTION / PRINTING
• MULTICITY EDITION
• ONLINE OPERATION
• N/PAPER BECAME BIG INDUSTRY
• MARKET DRIVEN – FDI IN PRINT

9. MEDIA IN 80’s & AFTER - II
• Colour TV in 1982
• National Network of Doordarshan
• Expansion of Doordarshan
• Open Sky in 90’s – Pvt TV
• FM Radio – Pvt. Players in B’casting
• Resurgence of Radio in India

10. ALTERNATIVE MEDIA
• NARROWCASTING
• COMMUNITY RADIO
• INTERNET RADIO
• COMMUNITY NEWSPAPER
• SOCIAL MEDIA - BLOGGING
• CUSTOMISED INTERNET
• DIGITAL VIDEO
• DEMOCRATISATION OF MEDIA

11. SOCIO ECON. POL. CHANGE &
GROWTH OF N/P CIRCULATION
• GROWTH IN
LITERACY
• INCREASE IN
PURCHASING
POWER
• UPGRADATION IN
LEVEL OF
CONSCIOUSNESS
• 74.4%
• Growth in PCY-
14.3%
PANCHAYET
ELECTION
• EMPOWERMENT
- RTI

12. LITERACY RATE IN INDIA
CENSUS PERSON MALE FEMALE M-F GAP
1951 18.33 27.16 8.66 16.30
1961 28.30 40.40 15.35 25.05
1971 34.45 45.96 21.97 23.98
1981 43.57 56.38 29.76 26.62
1991 52.21 64.13 39.29 24.64
2001 64.84 75.85 54.16 21.69
2011 74.04 82.14 65.46 16.68

13. LOCALISATION
• AREA SPECIFIC EDITION
• LOCAL NEWS
• TO CAPTURE LOCAL AD MARKET
• GROWING RURAL MARKET
• HIGHER GROWTH POTENTIAL IN
LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER

14. TELEVISION IN INDIA
• BEGAN IN 50’s
• ONLY GOVT. CONTROL TV TILL 90’s
• OPEN SKY – PVT. CHANNELS
• CAS – Conditional Access System
• DTH – Direct to Home

15. CHANGE IN CONTENT & FORM
• TELEVISION:-
• SPOT REPORTING/
INSTANT
REPORTING
• OBJECTIVE
MEDIUM
BECOMING
SUBJECTIVE
• BREAKING NEWS
24 HRS.
• WHAT/WHO/
WHERE/WHEN
• NEWSPAPER :-
• WHY & HOW
• INTERPRETATIVE
REPORTING
• INVESTIGATIVE
REPORTING
• ISSUE BASED
• NARRATIVE
JOURNALISM
• MORE
COL./GRAPHICS
• BETTERMENT OF
LOOK

16. FOURTH ESTATE
1. LEGISLATURE
2. EXECUTIVE
3. JUDICIARY
4. PRESS / MEDIA
• While the first three are
Homogeneous in nature, and
constitutionally established, Society
gave the status of Fourth Estate to
Media in a democratic set up.

17. MODEL OF HEALTHY MEDIA
GOOD MEDIA MORE TAKER
READER/ VIEWER/
LISTNER
MORE AD
BETTERMENT
OF
MEDIA
MORE MORE PROFIT
REINVESTMENT

18. ETERNAL DICHOTOMY
OF MEDIA
• CONSUMER
PRODUCT:-
• TO BE SOLD
MORE
• MAXIMISING
PROFIT
• SOCIAL
GOOD:-
• RESPONSIBILITY
OF MEDIA
• INSTRUMENT
FOR SOCIAL DEV.
• DOES SOCIETY
DO ANYTHING?

19. PROFIT MAXIMISING
MOTIVE OF MEDIA
• TRIVIALISATION OF NEWS
• PAGE THREE SYNDROME
• FREEDOM OF THE PRESS – WHOSE
FREEDOM – JOURNALISTS’ /
EDITORS’ / OWNERS’?
• QUESTION OF DECENCY
• MORE ISSUE BASED JOURNALISM

20. MEDIA SEGMENTATION
CONTENT CUSTOMIZATION
DEPENDING ON TARGET AUDIENCE

21. Modern Journalism
MISSING:
• Objective
• Fair
• Balanced
• Fact is Sacred –
Comments are
Free
PREVALENT:
• One-sided
• Political
Affiliation
• More
Comments

22. ROLE OF MEDIA
• INFORMATION - INFOTAINMENT
• EDUCATION - EDUTAINMENT
• ENTERTAINMENT
IS IT A MIRROR OF THE SOCIETY?
WHOM DOES IT SPEAK ABOUT?
WHOSE SUFFERING DOES IT SPEAK OF?

23. TOP 10 DALIES IN INDIA
December-2010
Rank Newspaper Language Circulation
1 The Times of India English 38,77,533
2 Dainik Jagaran Hindi 27,95,965
3 Dainik Bhaskar Hindi 20,95,241
4 Malayala Manorama Malayalam 19,03,331
5 Lokmat Marathi 17,50,303
6 Hindustan Hindi 16,99,489
7 Eenadu Telugu 16,70,750
8 The Hindu English 15,15,158
9 Daily Sakal Marathi 15,01,033
10 Rajasthan Patrika Hindi 14,68,455

24. INDIA’S TOP PUBLISHING CO.
Company BRAND Rev.Bn.Rs
1 BCCL TOI, ET, Filmfare, Femina 15.00
2 HT HT, Hindustan 5.00
3 ABP ABP, TT, Sananda,
Anandaloke, Desh, BWorld
--
4 MalayalaManorama MM, Balarama, Week, 32br 3.50
5 Enadu Eenadu 4.00
6 Hindu Hindu, Businessline,
Frontline
4.50
7 IE IE, FE, Ex. Comp Weekly 3.80
8 Dainik Bhaskar Dainik Bhaskar 2.50
9 Jagaran Dainik Jagran 2.62

25. INDUSTRY GROWTH
E&M 17% 07-08
19% last 4yrs
513 bn
TV 22% Expec.
Radio 32% Expec.
Ad
22% 07-08
Online AD
70% 07-08
Animation Gaming,
VFX
24% 15 bn
Print 16% 07-08 150 bn

26. SOME FACTS ON PRESS IN INDIA
• AROUND 50% OF 700 MILLION ADULTS
IN INDIA READ N/P.
• AVG. READERSHIP GROWTH RATE IS
AROUND 5%
• TOTAL NO. OF N/P – 73,000 (Aprox) - 2009
-TOTAL CIRC. OF N/P – 14 Cr(Ap) - 2009
• NO. OF DAILIES 8475 IN 2009
5364 IN 2000
• AROUND 10 % OWNERS CONTROL 80 %
OF N/P

27. TELEVISION IN INDIA
In India
• Over 500 TV CHANNELS
• 134MIL. TV HOMES (Aprox)
• 103 MIL. C&S HOMES (Aprox)
– Including DTH – 20 MIL. HOMES
• IP TV
• CONVERGENCE
• MOBILE TV

28. TELEVISION IN INDIA
CONTENT
• GOI IS CONSIDERING TO IMPOSE
CONTROL ON CONTENT
• LEGISLATION ON DOWNLINK
POLICY
• BROADCAST BILL

29. RADIO IN INDIA
• FM
• INTERACTIVE RADIO
• NEW FM STATONS BY PVT. ORGNS.
• NEWS & CURRENT AFFAIRS IN FM ?
• COMMUNITY RADIO POLICY

30. INTERNET & Telephne IN INDIA
• 2.1 Bn (210 Crores) Internet Users in the World
INDIA
• 121 Mil. Internet Users
• 8 – 10 % of Popn. uses Internet
• 15 Mil Internet Connections
• Around 15% Annual Growth in Internet Use
• Tele-density – 74%.
• Telephone Users 875 Mil.
– Mobile Users > 500 Mil
• COMPUTER POPULATION.
– 60 MIL. PCs in use in India
• Internet has opened new vista of info

31. THE FUTURE MEDIA IN INDIA
• MAINSTREAM MEDIA
–Big
• ALTERNATIVE MEDIA
–Customised
•New Media / Social Media
•Community Media

32. • If you don’t exist in the
media, for all practical
purposes , you don’t exist
at all”.
:Daniel Schorr, Commentator,
National Public Radio (NPR)

33. Thank You
Kartick Chandra Barman