The document discusses different types of media including mass media. It defines mass media as communication designed to reach a large audience like the population of a nation. The document then covers various types of mass media such as print media, electronic media, interactive media, and new media. It provides details on television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and new technologies like the internet, smartphones, and social media. The focus is on how these various media types are used for mass communication and information sharing.
The document discusses the role of media in Pakistani society. It notes that media can be a double-edged sword, with both benefits and vices. It provides means of communication, expression, and spreading awareness to the masses. However, media can also promote consumerism, westernization, and false values. Overall, the document examines both the positive and negative impacts media can have in building Pakistani society.
Growth of Muslim Press in Sub-Continent AlishbaIshaq1
The document discusses the growth of the Muslim press in the subcontinent. It begins by outlining the early history of communication methods used in primitive societies and under empires. It then discusses the development of printing and newspapers in the region, beginning with English newspapers for European settlers followed by newspapers in local languages sponsored by missionaries. The first Urdu newspaper, Koh-i-Noor, was published in 1846. In the 1920s, the Muslim press played an important role in political agitation and the movement for Pakistan. By the late 1920s and 1930s, there was a divide between nationalist and Muslim League newspapers, with the latter group spearheading the movement. During this time, several English and Urdu newspapers were
Musharraf can be credited for opening doors to media and introducing media revolution, but relations soured after imposing martial law and sacking chief justice. Zardari era media divided into pro, neutral, anti-government camps. Both granted media freedoms but also tried controlling media through regulatory authorities when faced with criticism. Conclusion states free media informs people, shows injustice to world, and strengthens democracy by acting as watchdog.
The document discusses three media-related ordinances passed in Pakistan between 1961 and 2002:
1) The 1961 Press and Publications Ordinance established a system requiring government permission for publications. It was amended in 1963 and abolished in 1984.
2) The 1989 Registration of Printing Press & Publications Ordinance and its 1997 reissue aimed to regulate printing presses and publications through pre-censorship and other controls.
3) The 2002 Press, Newspaper, News Agencies and Book Registration Ordinance continued imposing registration requirements as well as penalties for non-compliance. It required declarations, imposed age limits, and restricted foreign ownership of media outlets.
This document provides an overview of media in Pakistan across different eras. It defines media as communication channels that disseminate news, entertainment, education and promotional messages. It discusses the evolution of media in Pakistan from the eras of Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharraf. It notes the establishment of Pakistan Television Corporation under Ayub Khan in 1964. It describes increased censorship of media under Zia-ul-Haq and the launch of the first private TV channel, Network Television Marketing, in 1990 under Benazir Bhutto. It also mentions the establishment of PEMRA to regulate broadcast stations in Pakistan.
Development of press and regimes and state relationsZarmeen Durrani
The document discusses the development of press in Pakistan and its relationship with the state from 1947 to 1971. It notes that initially only a few newspapers existed in Pakistan but their numbers grew rapidly. However, various authoritarian regimes used repressive laws and tactics to curb press freedom and control media messaging. The Ayub Khan regime in the 1960s introduced the repressive Press and Publications Ordinance to restrict newspapers, while the National Press Trust took over independent publications. While the Yahya Khan era saw more freedom, ethics were not followed and dummy newspapers proliferated.
This document discusses PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority), its objectives, regulatory framework, need for regulation, categories of licenses, terms and conditions of licenses, and economic contribution of electronic media in Pakistan. PEMRA was established in 2002 to improve standards of information, education, and entertainment for people in Pakistan through various media like TV, radio, etc. It regulates establishment and operation of licensees and has formulated rules for licensing and functioning of different types of electronic media. PEMRA aims to safeguard national values while ensuring plurality.
History of Media Laws in Pakistan (1947 2019)Abid Zafar
The document summarizes Pakistan's press laws from 1947 to 2018. It discusses how the press was controlled under various military regimes through laws like the Press and Publications Ordinance that imposed restrictions and censorship. Newspapers faced censorship and harassment. The press enjoyed more freedom after 1988 when repressive laws were abolished, but still faced some issues with governments at times. The media environment improved further after Musharraf took over in 1999.
The document discusses the role of media in Pakistani society. It notes that media can be a double-edged sword, with both benefits and vices. It provides means of communication, expression, and spreading awareness to the masses. However, media can also promote consumerism, westernization, and false values. Overall, the document examines both the positive and negative impacts media can have in building Pakistani society.
Growth of Muslim Press in Sub-Continent AlishbaIshaq1
The document discusses the growth of the Muslim press in the subcontinent. It begins by outlining the early history of communication methods used in primitive societies and under empires. It then discusses the development of printing and newspapers in the region, beginning with English newspapers for European settlers followed by newspapers in local languages sponsored by missionaries. The first Urdu newspaper, Koh-i-Noor, was published in 1846. In the 1920s, the Muslim press played an important role in political agitation and the movement for Pakistan. By the late 1920s and 1930s, there was a divide between nationalist and Muslim League newspapers, with the latter group spearheading the movement. During this time, several English and Urdu newspapers were
Musharraf can be credited for opening doors to media and introducing media revolution, but relations soured after imposing martial law and sacking chief justice. Zardari era media divided into pro, neutral, anti-government camps. Both granted media freedoms but also tried controlling media through regulatory authorities when faced with criticism. Conclusion states free media informs people, shows injustice to world, and strengthens democracy by acting as watchdog.
The document discusses three media-related ordinances passed in Pakistan between 1961 and 2002:
1) The 1961 Press and Publications Ordinance established a system requiring government permission for publications. It was amended in 1963 and abolished in 1984.
2) The 1989 Registration of Printing Press & Publications Ordinance and its 1997 reissue aimed to regulate printing presses and publications through pre-censorship and other controls.
3) The 2002 Press, Newspaper, News Agencies and Book Registration Ordinance continued imposing registration requirements as well as penalties for non-compliance. It required declarations, imposed age limits, and restricted foreign ownership of media outlets.
This document provides an overview of media in Pakistan across different eras. It defines media as communication channels that disseminate news, entertainment, education and promotional messages. It discusses the evolution of media in Pakistan from the eras of Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharraf. It notes the establishment of Pakistan Television Corporation under Ayub Khan in 1964. It describes increased censorship of media under Zia-ul-Haq and the launch of the first private TV channel, Network Television Marketing, in 1990 under Benazir Bhutto. It also mentions the establishment of PEMRA to regulate broadcast stations in Pakistan.
Development of press and regimes and state relationsZarmeen Durrani
The document discusses the development of press in Pakistan and its relationship with the state from 1947 to 1971. It notes that initially only a few newspapers existed in Pakistan but their numbers grew rapidly. However, various authoritarian regimes used repressive laws and tactics to curb press freedom and control media messaging. The Ayub Khan regime in the 1960s introduced the repressive Press and Publications Ordinance to restrict newspapers, while the National Press Trust took over independent publications. While the Yahya Khan era saw more freedom, ethics were not followed and dummy newspapers proliferated.
This document discusses PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority), its objectives, regulatory framework, need for regulation, categories of licenses, terms and conditions of licenses, and economic contribution of electronic media in Pakistan. PEMRA was established in 2002 to improve standards of information, education, and entertainment for people in Pakistan through various media like TV, radio, etc. It regulates establishment and operation of licensees and has formulated rules for licensing and functioning of different types of electronic media. PEMRA aims to safeguard national values while ensuring plurality.
History of Media Laws in Pakistan (1947 2019)Abid Zafar
The document summarizes Pakistan's press laws from 1947 to 2018. It discusses how the press was controlled under various military regimes through laws like the Press and Publications Ordinance that imposed restrictions and censorship. Newspapers faced censorship and harassment. The press enjoyed more freedom after 1988 when repressive laws were abolished, but still faced some issues with governments at times. The media environment improved further after Musharraf took over in 1999.
This document summarizes the organizational structure of newspapers in Pakistan. It describes the main departments that make up a newspaper organization, including editorial, advertising, circulation, printing, administrative, stores, and IT. The editorial department is responsible for gathering, selecting, and editing news content. The advertising department works with advertisers to sell ad space. The circulation department handles distribution. The printing department manages printing processes. The administrative department oversees general operations. The stores department stores materials. And the IT department maintains technical equipment.
History of muslim & hindu press in subcontinent and their contribution in par...AhmadMughal21
The document summarizes the history and role of Muslim and Hindu press in the Indian subcontinent leading up to the partition of India in 1947. It outlines several influential Urdu, English, and regional language newspapers established by Muslims between 1822-1947 that advocated for the Pakistan movement and countered Congress propaganda, including Jam-e-Jahan Numa, Al-Hilal, Dawn, Daily Jang, and Nawa-i-waqat. It also discusses major Hindu and English newspapers like The Hindu, Times of India, and Hindustan Times that generally supported Indian independence from British rule. The growth of the Muslim press in the late 1930s-1940s helped advance the cause of partition and the establishment
PEMRA is responsible for regulating Pakistan's electronic media and issuing broadcast licenses. It was established in 2002 to encourage private electronic media and break the state's monopoly. PEMRA issues codes of conduct for broadcasters and cable operators regarding programs and advertisements. The codes prohibit content that is obscene, promotes violence or hatred, defames individuals/groups, or contradicts Islamic values. However, PEMRA is not fully independent as its chairman is appointed by the president and many members are government officials.
Television has had a major role and evolution in Pakistan since its introduction in 1964. It began as a state-run broadcaster but has since expanded to over 100 private channels. Television serves important purposes as a source of information, entertainment, and advertisement, but it also has negative impacts like weakening cultural values, increasing sensationalism, and exposing children to inappropriate content. However, television also has positive effects like promoting democracy, increasing civic participation, exposing corruption, serving as an economic driver through advertising revenue and job creation, and boosting the film industry. Overall, television has become a major business and influential medium that both benefits and poses challenges for Pakistan society.
The news agencies, also known as wire services, are among the most powerful and trusted names in news business. Some of them like Reuters have been in existence since the nineteenth century.
However, few are aware of their reach or existence. They do not own physical properties such as newspapers or television channels. But they generate news for all forms of media. Their subscribers include newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television networks and now news sites.
The document discusses the negative and positive impacts of Pakistani media. On the negative side, it summarizes that Pakistani media sensationalizes news, exaggerates issues, engages in excessive competition for ratings at the cost of prioritizing factual reporting and nation-building, and damages Pakistan's national image abroad. However, it also notes that media plays some positive roles like enabling informed democratic choices, acting as a watchdog against corruption, and educating people. Overall, the document calls for Pakistani media to resolve matters with a more positive attitude and work towards enhancing Pakistan's soft image rather than just increasing viewership.
The document discusses the evolution and current state of print media in Pakistan. It covers the establishment of major print media groups like Dawn, Jang, and Nawa-i-Waqt. It also discusses factors affecting print media like economic challenges, technological changes, and government regulations. Benedict Anderson's theory of print culture and nationalism is also summarized, relating how the growth of print helped develop national identity in Pakistan.
History of media laws in Sub continent and PakistanAdan Butt
This document provides a history of media laws in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan from the introduction of printing presses in the 16th century through 2017. It discusses the various acts passed by British and Pakistani governments to regulate and censor the press, including the licensing acts of the 18th-19th centuries, the Press and Publications Ordinance of 1961, and the shifting control of newspapers between independent organizations and state-run entities like the National Press Trust. The document also outlines some of the challenges faced by journalists and newspapers under different regimes like those of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
HISTORY OF NEWSPAPERS IN SUB-CONTINENT.Mehwish Anwar
The document discusses the history of Urdu journalism in the subcontinent. It details how journalism began with handwritten news sheets under Muslim rule to provide information to rulers. The first printed newspapers appeared in 1780 in English. The first Urdu newspaper, Jam-e-Jahan Numa, was published in 1822 but switched to Persian due to low circulation. Urdu journalism expanded in the 1830s when Urdu became the official language and lithographic printing became more affordable. Important early Urdu newspapers included Delhi Urdu Akhbar and Syed-ul-Akhbar in Delhi as well as Koh-e-Noor in Lahore. Urdu journalism grew out of existing communication systems and
PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) was established in 2002 to regulate electronic media in Pakistan and issue licenses. It aims to improve standards of information and access to media. PEMRA comprises 13 members including a chairman and is mandated to issue licenses for broadcast media like TV and radio, as well as distribution systems. It regulates licensees and can issue directives on matters of policy from the federal government. PEMRA codes provide ethics for programs and advertisements to ensure content is lawful, ethical and respects cultural values.
The role and impact of media in Pakistan has evolved significantly over time. Originally established to promote the idea of Pakistan pre-independence, media laws and oversight were tightened under successive military rulers Ayub Khan and Zia-ul-Haq. However, under Musharraf in 2002, private electronic media flourished as regulations were liberalized. While media has brought greater awareness of rights and exposed corruption, there are also concerns it sometimes prioritizes crises over good news or exploits freedoms for profit over national interests. Both print and electronic media also show contradictory approaches at times.
Development communication involves the strategic use of communication to promote socially beneficial goals. It represents communication at a macro level to facilitate national development, while development support communication applies at a micro level to specific community development programs. Key aspects of development communication include using opinion leaders and various communication channels to raise awareness and influence attitudes in support of development initiatives, while also addressing factors like culture, education, and participation that can influence change. Planning development communication campaigns involves understanding cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects as well as techniques like persuasion and addressing potential resistance to change.
The document discusses several major news agencies in Pakistan:
- Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) is the government-operated national news agency, with bureaus across Pakistan. It was established in 1947 and provides news services, photos, videos and more.
- Pakistan Press International (PPI) is the country's leading independent news agency, recognized internationally for impartial reporting. It was launched in 1956 and has over 300 staff.
- News Network International (NNI) is a private news agency launched in 1992 with headquarters in Islamabad and reporters across Pakistan and internationally. It provides English language news, photos and videos.
- Independent News Pakistan (INP) is Pakistan's third largest private news agency
The document outlines the Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance from 2002. It establishes a Press Council of Pakistan to implement an Ethical Code of Practice for newspapers and news agencies. The Council will be composed of 19 members including a Chairman appointed by the President. It will receive complaints about violations of the ethical code and appoint inquiry commissions. The Council aims to preserve press freedom while maintaining high professional standards and ethics in the industry. It is granted powers to regulate the press and undertake research related to newspapers.
The document discusses the evolution and purposes of media over time. It notes that media was originally intended to educate, guide, inform and entertain, but is now often used as a tool of foreign policy and social engineering. The document laments how Pakistani media is no longer independent and objective, having fallen under foreign influence due to funding and the prioritization of profits over truthful reporting. It argues that a new media model is needed that adheres to principles of truth, freedom of speech, national integrity and Islamic values.
Television has evolved from early experiments in the 1800s to become a global mass media platform. Key developments included mechanical scanning techniques using disks in the 1920s, the introduction of electronic scanning in the 1930s, the start of regular broadcasting in the late 1940s, and the transition to digital broadcasting by the 2010s. Television plays an important social and cultural role in providing news, entertainment and advertising to audiences worldwide.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a radio producer. A radio producer is responsible for the overall production process, including generating ideas, deciding formats, managing logistics, motivating staff, ensuring technical elements run smoothly, and responding to audience feedback. Producers need excellent communication, organizational and problem-solving skills to manage all these complex responsibilities. They must be creative, work well under pressure, and have a strong understanding of radio broadcasting regulations and technology.
The Voice of America (VOA) is an international multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. government. It provides over 1,500 hours of programming per week in 45 languages on radio, television, and digital platforms to a global audience of 134 million people. VOA's mission is to broadcast accurate, objective, and comprehensive news and information to international audiences. It is overseen by the independent Broadcasting Board of Governors and governed by a charter that mandates fairness, accuracy, and balance.
This document provides an introduction to mass media. It defines mass media as communication that reaches a large audience, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet. Mass media serves several functions such as connecting people, socializing society, and providing entertainment. While it has benefits like information sharing, mass media can also reinforce consumerism and the status quo. It discusses the impact of mass media on social perceptions and interactions as well as examples of media hype.
This document outlines the topics and objectives for a unit on mass media, public opinion, and politics. It discusses key vocabulary like bias, public opinion, and the public agenda. It also lists common types of mass media like print, radio, television, and the internet. The document aims to help students understand the role media plays in their lives and how certain outlets can demonstrate bias in their reporting.
This document summarizes the organizational structure of newspapers in Pakistan. It describes the main departments that make up a newspaper organization, including editorial, advertising, circulation, printing, administrative, stores, and IT. The editorial department is responsible for gathering, selecting, and editing news content. The advertising department works with advertisers to sell ad space. The circulation department handles distribution. The printing department manages printing processes. The administrative department oversees general operations. The stores department stores materials. And the IT department maintains technical equipment.
History of muslim & hindu press in subcontinent and their contribution in par...AhmadMughal21
The document summarizes the history and role of Muslim and Hindu press in the Indian subcontinent leading up to the partition of India in 1947. It outlines several influential Urdu, English, and regional language newspapers established by Muslims between 1822-1947 that advocated for the Pakistan movement and countered Congress propaganda, including Jam-e-Jahan Numa, Al-Hilal, Dawn, Daily Jang, and Nawa-i-waqat. It also discusses major Hindu and English newspapers like The Hindu, Times of India, and Hindustan Times that generally supported Indian independence from British rule. The growth of the Muslim press in the late 1930s-1940s helped advance the cause of partition and the establishment
PEMRA is responsible for regulating Pakistan's electronic media and issuing broadcast licenses. It was established in 2002 to encourage private electronic media and break the state's monopoly. PEMRA issues codes of conduct for broadcasters and cable operators regarding programs and advertisements. The codes prohibit content that is obscene, promotes violence or hatred, defames individuals/groups, or contradicts Islamic values. However, PEMRA is not fully independent as its chairman is appointed by the president and many members are government officials.
Television has had a major role and evolution in Pakistan since its introduction in 1964. It began as a state-run broadcaster but has since expanded to over 100 private channels. Television serves important purposes as a source of information, entertainment, and advertisement, but it also has negative impacts like weakening cultural values, increasing sensationalism, and exposing children to inappropriate content. However, television also has positive effects like promoting democracy, increasing civic participation, exposing corruption, serving as an economic driver through advertising revenue and job creation, and boosting the film industry. Overall, television has become a major business and influential medium that both benefits and poses challenges for Pakistan society.
The news agencies, also known as wire services, are among the most powerful and trusted names in news business. Some of them like Reuters have been in existence since the nineteenth century.
However, few are aware of their reach or existence. They do not own physical properties such as newspapers or television channels. But they generate news for all forms of media. Their subscribers include newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television networks and now news sites.
The document discusses the negative and positive impacts of Pakistani media. On the negative side, it summarizes that Pakistani media sensationalizes news, exaggerates issues, engages in excessive competition for ratings at the cost of prioritizing factual reporting and nation-building, and damages Pakistan's national image abroad. However, it also notes that media plays some positive roles like enabling informed democratic choices, acting as a watchdog against corruption, and educating people. Overall, the document calls for Pakistani media to resolve matters with a more positive attitude and work towards enhancing Pakistan's soft image rather than just increasing viewership.
The document discusses the evolution and current state of print media in Pakistan. It covers the establishment of major print media groups like Dawn, Jang, and Nawa-i-Waqt. It also discusses factors affecting print media like economic challenges, technological changes, and government regulations. Benedict Anderson's theory of print culture and nationalism is also summarized, relating how the growth of print helped develop national identity in Pakistan.
History of media laws in Sub continent and PakistanAdan Butt
This document provides a history of media laws in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan from the introduction of printing presses in the 16th century through 2017. It discusses the various acts passed by British and Pakistani governments to regulate and censor the press, including the licensing acts of the 18th-19th centuries, the Press and Publications Ordinance of 1961, and the shifting control of newspapers between independent organizations and state-run entities like the National Press Trust. The document also outlines some of the challenges faced by journalists and newspapers under different regimes like those of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
HISTORY OF NEWSPAPERS IN SUB-CONTINENT.Mehwish Anwar
The document discusses the history of Urdu journalism in the subcontinent. It details how journalism began with handwritten news sheets under Muslim rule to provide information to rulers. The first printed newspapers appeared in 1780 in English. The first Urdu newspaper, Jam-e-Jahan Numa, was published in 1822 but switched to Persian due to low circulation. Urdu journalism expanded in the 1830s when Urdu became the official language and lithographic printing became more affordable. Important early Urdu newspapers included Delhi Urdu Akhbar and Syed-ul-Akhbar in Delhi as well as Koh-e-Noor in Lahore. Urdu journalism grew out of existing communication systems and
PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) was established in 2002 to regulate electronic media in Pakistan and issue licenses. It aims to improve standards of information and access to media. PEMRA comprises 13 members including a chairman and is mandated to issue licenses for broadcast media like TV and radio, as well as distribution systems. It regulates licensees and can issue directives on matters of policy from the federal government. PEMRA codes provide ethics for programs and advertisements to ensure content is lawful, ethical and respects cultural values.
The role and impact of media in Pakistan has evolved significantly over time. Originally established to promote the idea of Pakistan pre-independence, media laws and oversight were tightened under successive military rulers Ayub Khan and Zia-ul-Haq. However, under Musharraf in 2002, private electronic media flourished as regulations were liberalized. While media has brought greater awareness of rights and exposed corruption, there are also concerns it sometimes prioritizes crises over good news or exploits freedoms for profit over national interests. Both print and electronic media also show contradictory approaches at times.
Development communication involves the strategic use of communication to promote socially beneficial goals. It represents communication at a macro level to facilitate national development, while development support communication applies at a micro level to specific community development programs. Key aspects of development communication include using opinion leaders and various communication channels to raise awareness and influence attitudes in support of development initiatives, while also addressing factors like culture, education, and participation that can influence change. Planning development communication campaigns involves understanding cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects as well as techniques like persuasion and addressing potential resistance to change.
The document discusses several major news agencies in Pakistan:
- Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) is the government-operated national news agency, with bureaus across Pakistan. It was established in 1947 and provides news services, photos, videos and more.
- Pakistan Press International (PPI) is the country's leading independent news agency, recognized internationally for impartial reporting. It was launched in 1956 and has over 300 staff.
- News Network International (NNI) is a private news agency launched in 1992 with headquarters in Islamabad and reporters across Pakistan and internationally. It provides English language news, photos and videos.
- Independent News Pakistan (INP) is Pakistan's third largest private news agency
The document outlines the Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance from 2002. It establishes a Press Council of Pakistan to implement an Ethical Code of Practice for newspapers and news agencies. The Council will be composed of 19 members including a Chairman appointed by the President. It will receive complaints about violations of the ethical code and appoint inquiry commissions. The Council aims to preserve press freedom while maintaining high professional standards and ethics in the industry. It is granted powers to regulate the press and undertake research related to newspapers.
The document discusses the evolution and purposes of media over time. It notes that media was originally intended to educate, guide, inform and entertain, but is now often used as a tool of foreign policy and social engineering. The document laments how Pakistani media is no longer independent and objective, having fallen under foreign influence due to funding and the prioritization of profits over truthful reporting. It argues that a new media model is needed that adheres to principles of truth, freedom of speech, national integrity and Islamic values.
Television has evolved from early experiments in the 1800s to become a global mass media platform. Key developments included mechanical scanning techniques using disks in the 1920s, the introduction of electronic scanning in the 1930s, the start of regular broadcasting in the late 1940s, and the transition to digital broadcasting by the 2010s. Television plays an important social and cultural role in providing news, entertainment and advertising to audiences worldwide.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a radio producer. A radio producer is responsible for the overall production process, including generating ideas, deciding formats, managing logistics, motivating staff, ensuring technical elements run smoothly, and responding to audience feedback. Producers need excellent communication, organizational and problem-solving skills to manage all these complex responsibilities. They must be creative, work well under pressure, and have a strong understanding of radio broadcasting regulations and technology.
The Voice of America (VOA) is an international multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. government. It provides over 1,500 hours of programming per week in 45 languages on radio, television, and digital platforms to a global audience of 134 million people. VOA's mission is to broadcast accurate, objective, and comprehensive news and information to international audiences. It is overseen by the independent Broadcasting Board of Governors and governed by a charter that mandates fairness, accuracy, and balance.
This document provides an introduction to mass media. It defines mass media as communication that reaches a large audience, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet. Mass media serves several functions such as connecting people, socializing society, and providing entertainment. While it has benefits like information sharing, mass media can also reinforce consumerism and the status quo. It discusses the impact of mass media on social perceptions and interactions as well as examples of media hype.
This document outlines the topics and objectives for a unit on mass media, public opinion, and politics. It discusses key vocabulary like bias, public opinion, and the public agenda. It also lists common types of mass media like print, radio, television, and the internet. The document aims to help students understand the role media plays in their lives and how certain outlets can demonstrate bias in their reporting.
The document discusses several topics related to the sociology of mass media, including trends in media ownership and control, new media and globalization, and the selection and presentation of news. It provides information on different theories of media ownership such as pluralism and Marxism. It also describes characteristics of new media, who uses new media, and perspectives on its impact. Globalization of media and its consequences on popular culture are examined as well. Factors influencing news production like news values, ownership, ideology and bias are also addressed.
Sociology of the mass media: Media forms, ownership and controlbrunogiegerich
Media ownership in the UK is highly concentrated, with 13 major companies dominating the industry. 10 of these companies are owned by wealthy individuals rather than shareholders or trusts. There has been an increasing trend of concentration of ownership over time. Media giants employ strategies like vertical and horizontal integration, convergence across different technologies, global conglomeration, and branding to expand their control over various sectors of the media industry.
The document discusses the impact of mass media on daily life. It notes that mass media, including television, radio, magazines, newspapers, and the internet, plays a big role in society and influences people's attitudes, opinions, and behaviors. Both positive and negative influences are discussed. Positively, media can be a source of information, entertainment, and support for things like child rearing. However, it can also negatively influence teenagers through excessive exposure to sex, violence, and junk food advertising. The conclusion states that while media plays a constant role in daily life, it is up to individuals to determine whether influences are taken in a positive or negative way.
The document discusses the role of electronic media in Pakistan. It outlines the evolution of media from the establishment of Pakistan Television Corporation under Ayub Khan to the proliferation of private channels today. It notes both positive and negative impacts of media. Positively, media can promote democracy, raise awareness of social issues, and expose corruption. However, it can also sensationalize news, spread exaggerated or one-sided information, and be influenced by powerful groups. The conclusion calls for media to project a positive image of Pakistan while prioritizing accuracy over viewership.
1. The Internet originated as a US Defense Department network called ARPANET in the 1960s to enable communication between computers even if some were disabled.
2. It grew through the 1980s as organizations connected local networks, and the NSF established a national backbone. The World Wide Web launched in 1991, attracting public interest.
3. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and networks that allows people and organizations to access shared information and resources. It is an open, participatory medium where anyone can publish information or create new services.
The document discusses the strengths and weaknesses of new media. It provides examples of strengths such as maintaining social networks through connectivity, statelessness allowing access from anywhere at any time, and interactivity allowing various forms of communication. Weaknesses include potential for incorrect or unreliable information, risks of online dating, and decreased social interaction from overuse. The document also discusses how new media is impacting public relations practitioners and their use of tools like blogs, Twitter, and video news releases.
This document discusses the evolution of technology and its increasing integration into our lives. It describes the progression from static Web 1.0 to more interactive Web 2.0 with user-generated content. Web 3.0 is presented as the next stage, utilizing artificial intelligence and semantics to personalize responses. The document also discusses the rise of social media, mobile media, and assistive technologies, demonstrating our growing dependence on information and communication technologies in everyday life.
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What's All The Buzz?: Do you continue to hear technology terms like IM, Blogging, Podcasting, WiKi, Web 2.0, and others? Millions of these technology entities are being created each month. What are they and how might they be used in an educational setting?
Social media time_management_tools_and_tipsJulius Narciso
1. The document discusses social media time management tools and tips. It provides an overview of the growth of social media and user-generated content online.
2. Issues around information overload from the abundance of online content are examined. The context of Twitter is then discussed in more detail, noting its popularity but also how it can be addictive and time-consuming if not used properly.
3. Tips are provided for using Twitter in moderation to avoid distraction and wasting time, such as using it in short sessions, limiting the number of people followed, and tweeting purposefully.
This document discusses social media and electronic media. It defines social media as interactions between people online through communities and networks where they share and exchange information. Some early examples of social media included Geocities. There are different types of social media technologies including blogs, social networks, photos, videos, and reviews. Social media is also used on mobile devices, called mobile social media. The document also defines electronic media as media accessed through electronic or electromechanical devices like TVs, computers, phones. Electronic media can be in analog or digital formats.
The document discusses what new media is and provides examples. New media generally refers to non-traditional ways of delivering messages through digital forms like the internet, CDs, DVDs, and mobile devices. It has grown rapidly since the 1980s and includes things like the internet, video games, multimedia CDs/DVDs, streaming media, blogs, email, and mobile apps. The internet itself is not the world wide web - the web is a collection of linked documents and files accessed via the internet.
2 - The Current State of ICT Technologies.pptxLeopoldoJrLaset
The document discusses the evolution of technology from Web 1.0 to the current Web 3.0. It defines key terms like ICT and discusses how the internet has evolved from static web pages to a more interactive experience where users can generate content through social media and share information. It also discusses how technology has converged and led to the rise of mobile and assistive media to disseminate information.
The document discusses empowerment technologies and how they can help empower people and enable social change. It defines empowerment technology as using technology to give people the ability to achieve goals and objectives. It also provides an overview of information and communication technologies (ICT), the evolution of the World Wide Web from version 1.0 to 3.0, technological convergence, assistive media, social media, and current technology trends in artificial intelligence and virtual/augmented reality.
The document discusses new media and digital media. It defines new media as computer-mediated forms of production, distribution and communication including the internet, websites and digital multimedia. Digital media comprises internet and mobile mass communication systems. The document then discusses various social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram and their uses. It also outlines the state of digital media use in Nigeria and top online activities. The document emphasizes that social media is a process for connecting with people and building dialogue. It highlights key considerations for using social media effectively.
Social media refers to Internet-based tools that allow people to share and discuss information, including technologies that integrate social interaction, words, pictures, videos and audio (1). Social media derives from traditional media like newspapers, TV and radio, and takes the form of blogs, wikis, social networks, forums and podcasts (2). Social media is characterized by participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness (3).
Digital media refers to content formats that are accessible on digital devices. It is an electronic medium that uses digital codes rather than analog signals. It is the digitized content that can be transmitted over the computer networks such as the Internet. Digital media is simple to access and to disperse through digital storage mediums and the web. It is often put away on digital devices such as hard drives. Easier means for storage and distribution has led to the success of digital media. This paper provides an introduction on digital media, including its various types, applications, benefits, and challenges. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "Digital Media: A Mini-Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/51904/digital-media-a-minireview/matthew-n-o-sadiku
electronic media presentation for the masscommunicationrisemedia
Electronic media refers to various means of communication that use electronic or digital technology to deliver content to users, such as television, radio, internet, and smartphones. It allows for fast, widespread, and engaging dissemination of information. Some key advantages are that it can connect people globally nearly instantly, is cost-effective, and allows constant access to live content and breaking news. However, electronic media is also subject to rapid technological changes and potential misinformation if not properly regulated or verified. It has largely superseded print media while also raising new opportunities and challenges for public communication.
The internet is defined as a network of millions of computers connected to each other worldwide. You can relate the term internet to the telephone network or the interstate highway system, which is spread across and interconnected with each other. The internet is the largest information database and has become a vital part of human lives. It enables the users to share ideas and search for information on any topic. The internet has transformed the entire world into a global village
- History of the Internet
- What the Internet is
- The Audience
- How does the Internet affect people?
- Why is it used?
- Advantages and disadvantages
- The value of the internet for media institutions
- Convergence
- Implications for the future
The document provides a history of the internet from its origins in the late 1950s to its growth and widespread use today. It began as a concept for networked computers and expanded in the 1970s-1980s. The World Wide Web launched in 1991, accelerating growth. Today, billions use the internet for communication, information, commerce, and entertainment via computers and mobile devices globally. The document also discusses how the internet impacts and is used by different audiences.
The document provides a history of the internet from its origins in the late 1950s to its growth and widespread use today. It began as a concept for networking computers proposed by J.C.R. Licklider in 1958. In the following decades, researchers developed the underlying technologies and network protocols that allowed computers to connect. The internet became publicly accessible in the late 1980s and its growth accelerated dramatically with the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1991. Today, billions of people worldwide use the internet for communication, information access, commerce, and entertainment through computers and mobile devices.
The document provides a history of the internet from its origins in the late 1950s to its growth and widespread use today. It began as a concept for networked computers and expanded in the 1970s-1980s. The World Wide Web launched in 1991, accelerating growth. Today, billions use the internet for communication, information, commerce, and entertainment via computers and mobile devices globally. The document also discusses how the internet impacts and is used by different audiences.
The document discusses the history and evolution of newspapers and the internet, and how the rise of internet news is contributing to the decline of newspapers. It notes that newspapers first emerged thousands of years ago and the printing press helped facilitate printed newsletters. The internet was developed in the 1960s and now provides a global network for information. While newspapers still have some advantages like in-depth reporting, free internet news sources are challenging newspapers' business models and contributing to declines in circulation and revenue.
Similar to Lecture # 01 (intro mass media & pakistan) (20)
The document summarizes key points from a presentation titled "Orientation to Research" about getting started with research. It outlines the initial steps as 1) get started by being assigned a project, 2) choose a topic by doing initial research and finding reliable sources while ensuring the topic size is not too broad or narrow, and 3) identify scholarly sources and plan a search strategy by considering where to search and common search terms. The presentation includes exercises for participants to evaluate if different stages like picking a topic or finding reliable sources count as research activities. It emphasizes choosing a topic that has easily available resources and is narrow enough for the assignment scope.
Prof. Dr. Akhlas Ahmed gave a presentation on management and the workforce. Management involves making decisions and ensuring their implementation. It also involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. The workforce refers to the number of workers available to accomplish tasks. Dr. Ahmed discussed the functions of management, including planning, leading, and managers' roles in providing information, interpersonal skills, and direction. He concluded by welcoming any questions from the audience.
Prof. Dr. Akhlas Ahmed has extensive experience in both academic and industrial fields. He currently serves as an adjunct faculty member and has previously held positions as director of the Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization and head of the Department of Business Administration. He holds a PhD in Communication and has published numerous research articles. Prof. Ahmed has supervised many students and served on the academic councils of several universities.
Professor Akhlas Ahmed has worked as a teacher, mentor, and career advisor at Dow University of Health Sciences since 2016 and at the Pakistan Institute of Management since 2018, where he has trained departments at universities nationwide. He has held positions as Head of Department and Assistant Professor at Iqra University and Professor and Director of the Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization at Greenwich University. Dr. Ahmed also has experience working in industry and conducting research that has been published in international journals.
Prof. Dr. Akhlas Ahmed gave a presentation on workplace communication in organizations at the School of Finance & IT Central Police Office in Karachi, Pakistan on March 9th, 2021. The presentation discussed different types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and written communication. It noted that non-verbal communication accounts for around 65% of interactions according to research. The presentation also reviewed vertical communication between different levels in an organization's hierarchy and horizontal communication between peers. The goal was to illuminate effective communication in the workplace.
The document discusses the definition and concepts of organization and management. It defines an organization as a social unit of people structured to meet goals and notes they have management structures that divide roles. Management is defined as getting work done through others and involves planning, organizing, controlling and leading. The document also discusses the honeybee colony as an example of effective management processes described in the Quran.
This document outlines the course details for a Strategic Marketing class at Dow University of Health Sciences. The course will be taught on Wednesdays from 6-9pm by Professor Dr. Akhlas Ahmed. It will focus on strategic thinking, analysis, leadership, communication and cross-functional integration. Students will learn about corporate planning, implementation, structures and change management. Assessment methods include quizzes, assignments, presentations, and exams. The course aims to help students understand strategic management concepts, analyze marketing issues, work in teams, and develop a marketing plan.
The document discusses different types of research methodologies, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methodologies. It provides details on qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research involves descriptive, subjective data and is exploratory in nature, while quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and examine relationships between variables through statistical analysis and measurement. Both methodologies are used in various fields like social sciences, natural sciences, and business. The document also outlines specific qualitative and quantitative research methods and approaches.
This document outlines the key steps and types of research. It discusses the seven steps of the research process which include identifying the topic, background research, methodology selection, data gathering, analysis, conclusions, and reporting. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are described. The types of research covered are fundamental, applied, descriptive, analytical, conceptual, empirical, longitudinal, cross-sectional, exploratory, historical, causal, experimental, and ethnographic research. Contact information is provided for further questions.
The document discusses definitions and importance of research. It provides three definitions of research from different sources that commonly define research as a process of systematic inquiry aimed at discovering and advancing knowledge through collection and analysis of information. The document then outlines key characteristics of the scientific method, which include gathering new or existing data to solve problems, relying on empirical evidence, following systematic procedures, aiming to generalize findings, requiring accurate observation, and being objective and logical.
This document provides an introduction to social research. It discusses that research can have varying definitions depending on the person and field. Research involves collecting data and information to broaden one's horizon and advance knowledge. True research is scientific in nature - it uses the scientific method to explain phenomena and behaviors. Research is divided into inductive, which builds theory, and deductive, which tests theory. Research involves systematically investigating materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
This document summarizes a market analysis session from October 11th, 2017 presented by Prof. Akhlas Ahmed. The session covered dimensions of market analysis, forecasting methods, market profitability, and key success factors. Specifically, it discussed comparing product and industry lifecycles, forecasting techniques, considerations of competitors, substitute products, customer and supplier power, cost structure, distribution systems, strategic necessities and strengths, and risks in high growth markets. A case study was also presented on Cometex, a door-to-door cleaning company expanding operations internationally through joint ventures in emerging markets to address declining UK sales.
This document summarizes a presentation on strategic marketing given by Prof. Akhlas Ahmed. It defines key terms like organization, management, strategic, and marketing. It discusses the management process and uses honeybees as an example. It also defines a corporate philosophy, vision, mission, and values. Marketing is described as identifying customer needs and satisfying them profitably. Strategic marketing is making sure all marketing efforts align with an overall plan to connect information to the target audience according to marketing goals.
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“Media is the means of
catharsis and is must for
normal living.”
(Aristotle)
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The word medium comes
from the Latin word
medius (middle).
Media is a plural word
(singular medium)
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In communication, media
are the storage and
transmission channels or
tools used to store and
deliver information or data.
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It is often referred to as
synonymous with mass media
or news media, but may refer
to any means of information
communication.
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Mass media is a term used to
denote a section of the media
specifically designed to reach
a very large audience such as
the population of a nation
state.
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Mass media is the major
source of providing news and
entertainment to the people
who want to know who is
doing what and what is
happening
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Mass media favor one to many communication.
It refers to communication devices, which can be
used to communicate and interact with a large
number of audiences.
Television
Radio
Cinema
Newspaper
Magazines
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Types of Mass Media:
Mass Media is divided into four types.
Electronic Media
Print Media
Interactive Media
New Media
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Electronic Media:
Electronic media is the kind of media
which requires the user to utilize an
electric connection to access it. It is
also known as 'Broadcast Media'. It
includes television, radio, and new-
age media like Internet, computers,
telephones, etc.
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TELEVISION:
Television appeals both the auditory and visual senses, and hence
is an important communication device as it beholds the attention of
the audience.
For many people, it is impossible to imagine a life without their
television sets, be it the daily news, or even the soap operas.
Television has become an advertising hub where advertisers are
ready to spend huge amounts for an ad of few seconds, especially
for programs with high viewership.
It offers various programs to appeal the masses of different age
groups.
It is a popular means of communication which provides both
information and entertainment. This category also includes
electronic media like movies, CDs and DVDs as well as the
electronic gadgets.
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RADIO:
Radio has a significant reach.
A considerable number of urban population tune into
radio every week while on their way to work.
Advertising on the radio with catchy jingles and phrases
is a tried and tested means of communication.
Radio lost its popularity with the boom of television. But
till day, radio remains one of the favorite means of
electronic communication.
It is an interactive means of communication with all the
dial-in programs which give the listeners an opportunity
to feature on radio.
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NEW AGE MEDIA:
With the advent of Internet, we are now enjoying the benefits of high
technology mass media, which is not only faster than the old school
mass media, but also has a widespread range.
Mobile phones, computers, and Internet are often referred to as the
new-age media.
Internet has opened up several new opportunities for mass
communication which include email, websites, podcasts, e-forums,
e-books, blogging, Internet TV, and many others which are booming
today.
Internet has also started social networking sites which have
redefined mass communication all together. Sites like Facebook,
Twitter, and YouTube have made communication to the masses all
the more entertaining, interesting, and easier!
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NEW AGE MEDIA:
Mobile Phones: Mobile phones have become a boon to
mankind.
It has made communication possible at anytime, and
from anywhere.
Nowadays, a smart device like a mobile phone is not
only used for interaction, but also for other technical
utilities like operating pumps from remote locations, etc.
You can also get alerts of your monetary transactions on
a mobile phone. About a decade ago, who would have
thought of having Internet on mobiles? Today, we can
stay in touch with the whole world via Internet on our
mobile phones.
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NEW AGE MEDIA: Computers
Computers: With the invention of computers the
impossible has become possible. We virtually
get information about everything from pin to
piano with the help of computers. It has added
speed and multimedia to the information which
was earlier available only in the print format.
Also, anyone can voice their opinions through
computers. Computers have added a new
breakthrough in the mass media by combining
human intelligence with the cutting edge
technology.
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NEW AGE MEDIA: Internet
This is the most important device of the new age media.
The discovery of Internet can be called the biggest
invention in mass media. In earlier days, news used to
reach people only with the morning newspaper. But
today, live updates reach us simultaneously as the
events unfold. For example, the royal wedding of Kate
Middleton and Prince William was watched live on the
Internet by millions of people around the world. Internet
has inspired interaction and connectivity through its
social networking medium. It has become one of the
core means of mass communication. We cannot think of
leading our lives without it. Let us see how Internet
impacts mass communication through the following
mediums.
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NEW AGE MEDIA: Email, Webs
Emails: Emails or electronic mails have drastically
reduced the time it took for drafting and sending letters,
or mails. Electronic mails have also facilitated lesser
usage of paper.
Websites: Internet has a plethora of websites dedicated
to various people, companies, brands, causes, activities,
etc. The most significant utility of these websites is for
providing information, search engines, downloads
through libraries, and interaction through the social
networking sites. Because of these websites, carrying
out e-commerce transactions has also become easy.
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NEW AGE MEDIA: Podcasts, E-Forums, E-Books
Podcasts are mediums of mass communication that include short
video or audio files. They can be seen and heard on mobiles,
computers, and portable media instruments. They are engaging
devices of communication.
E-Forums are bulletin boards on websites where people start
threads on topics. These are usually hosted on a website. These
forums are open platforms to discuss a range of topics right from
which wall color is appropriate for a baby girl's room to the research
on the God particle. People give their opinions and share their
experiences on various topics.
E-Books: There are a number of websites which have hosted
eBooks and online libraries. The main benefit of having eBooks is
that you don't have to carry bulky books. You can read them on your
eBook readers, mobiles, computer screens, or other devices. You
can even adjust the font size to suit your requirements.
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NEW AGE MEDIA: Blogs, Internet TV, FB
Blogging: A blog is a space on the Internet where a single person or
a group of people record their information, opinions, photos, videos,
etc. It is an interesting and free platform to talk about any topic.
Interaction happens in the form of comments or feedback.
Internet TV: It is also known as online TV. It usually has an archive
of programs. You have to choose the program, you wish to view
from the list. You can either view the programs directly from the host
server, or download the content on your computer. It is an effective
means of communication.
Facebook: It is the most popular social networking website.
Facebook has several applications which people utilize. It is the best
platform to meet old friends, or make new ones. Advertisers also
like this forum for communicating about their products.
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NEW AGE MEDIA: Twitter, You Tube
Twitter: It is also a famous social networking website.
Twitter is a micro blogging site which allows interaction
and feedback of different people. There was a time when
it was very popular among celebrities and individuals.
Today, the governments of various nations have
understood the importance of "tweeting" information to
the public, and regularly share information through
Twitter.
YouTube: It is a website which uploads content in a
video format. It houses a range of interesting videos that
appeal to people of all generations. From films to
educational videos, you will find everything on YouTube.
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VISUAL MEDIA:
Visual media like photography is also a crucial medium
since it communicates via visual representations. Public
speaking, and event organizing can also be considered
as forms of mass media. Though print media is still
popular, it is not environmentally viable. More and more
people are shifting to e-newspapers, eBooks, e-
brochures, etc. Internet has completely transformed the
traditional ideas of communication. Mass
communication, over a period of years, has depicted an
evolving trend, and with the advancements in
technology, it will continue to do so in future too. All you
have to do is keep yourself abreast with the latest
innovation in mass communication!
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Print Media:
Print media encompasses mass communication
through printed material.
Newspapers
Periodicals, Magazines, Journals, Digests
Booklets, Brochures, Books
Newsletters, Press Releases
Direct mails, Handbills, Flyers
Billboards
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Newspapers: DAWN, DAILY JUNG
Most preferred medium to reach a wider audience.
Earlier period newspapers were the only medium that
masses at large.
Newspaper carries variety of topics like politics,
socialism, current affairs, entertainment, finance, stocks,
cartoons, crosswords, movie / book reviews, puzzles etc.
Captivates interests of the readers from all age groups.
Newspaper reach every corner of the world where
electronic media fails.
It plays a pivotal role in providing authentic firsthand
information, building opinions, updating the knowledge of
the reader, and serves as a good platform for advertisers
to promote their products.
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Magazines: TIME / Reader’s Digest
Most popular type of culture print media. Usually cater specific type
of audience who are looking for information based on a particular
subject.
Magazines covers topics like current affairs, business, finance,
consumers, gadgets, self-help, luxury, lifestyle, beauty, fashion,
entertainment, travel etc.
Frequency of magazines varies like weekly, fortnightly, bi-monthly,
quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly.
Best forum for advertisers as they have a niche readership. The
readers look for a specific type of information.
Specific advertisement in a magazine will definitely have a direct
brand impact on the reader.
Magazine possess longer shelf life then newspaper.
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Booklets and Brochures:
Part of the promotional literature of a product of an organization.
There are two types of booklets and brochures.
Pre-buying promotion: Usually in malls and stores, promotional
literature is distributed free to all (with discount offers, or other
schemes which seem profitable). For example, a free booklet about
cosmetics will include information about the products, latest trends,
contents, the benefits of using them, the available range, or colors,
discount coupons, etc. This, will most likely, have a positive impact
on your decision-making.
Post-buying promotion: These booklets and brochures are usually
given with a product for better customer experience and easy
usage, post purchasing. You must have observed when you buy
any new item, it is usually accompanied with a small booklet giving
details about the benefits of using the product, usage directions,
cleaning and storage instructions.
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House Magazines: Periodicals / Newsletters
To keep the stakeholders, customers, investors, solicitors posted
about the news related to the company.
House magazines include data about a company's achievements,
employee engagement activities, and information about the
offerings.
A periodical or newsletter, is more or less, designed on similar lines
but its size is restricted to a few pages only. Mostly, it includes
similar information but in a very short format.
Their frequency ranges from weekly to yearly.
It has an encouraging impact on the stakeholders because of the
'feel-good factor'. They believe that the company cares to
communicate with them, and this also increases their confidence
about the prospects of the company.
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Direct Mailers:
Direct mailers are small pamphlets, which are devices for direct
advertising and marketing. Usually they arrive at our doorstep
through the postal mails.
Direct mails are a relatively cheaper option of marketing as bulk
advertising is cost-effective through post. Most of them include
colorful advertisements, discount and gift coupons, preapproved
credit card offers, automobile, realtor, and political promotion.
Direct mailing system is best suited for B2B business. People have
a tendency to remember what they see in the advertisement, and
recall it while making a purchase, or a voting decision. Also, the
attractive offers on a commercial direct mailer prompt many to make
a positive buying decision.
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Handbills or Flyers:
Handbills or flyers is a form of communication which is
printed on a small paper.
It is easy to carry, colorful, attractive, and legible to read.
They are handed out to all the passers-by.
These are useful mainly for restaurants, hotels,
nightclubs, political campaigns, delis, concerts, rallies,
political campaigns, etc.
People are more prompted to throw it away without
reading. Hence, many a time this fails to be an effective
medium of mass communication.
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Billboards:
Billboards or hoardings are huge advertisements that are put up at a
height in strategic locations to fetch more attention.
They usually attract the targeted audience by their bold colors,
attention-grabbing headlines, creativity, designs, special effects, etc.
Initially, billboards started by hand painting huge boards, and
eventually graduated to putting up printed sheets.
Later came a trend for incorporating neon signs, videos, and graphic
(which are part of electronic communication) cut-outs which extend
out from the boards, 3D rubber, or plastic balloon objects, etc. Such
billboards are called bulletins. They command the best customer
exposure. Communication in these types of billboards should be in
minimum words. The images should speak louder than the words.
They are a successful medium of communication as they are good
at captivating and retaining customer attention.
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Press Releases:
Press release is an important device of communication because it
takes the relevant communication directly to the press. Whenever
government, organizations, NGOs, retail outlets, design houses,
celebrities, etc. have a newsworthy announcement to make, they
draft a press note which is then sent to the members of the press in
the form of a hard copy, fax, mail, or CD.
A press release is also distributed in a press conference. A press
release answers all the "W type" questions like what, who, where,
how, and when, in its content.
A quote of the spokesperson is also added to give it credibility. This
is issued on the letterhead of the organization. It begins with a
headline and dateline, and closes with the media contact for the
organization. Most of the matter in a press release gets picked up
by journalists, hence it should be worded wisely and strategically.
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Books:
A significant medium of mass communication as they have a large
reader base. The expressions and opinions of the writer are taken to
the readers in the form of a compiled book.
The printed form of communication was popular earlier. However,
with the advent of electronic media, print media has taken a
backseat.
It is said that the electronic, or new age media have replaced the
print media, there exists a majority of audience who prefer the print
media for various communication purposes.
it is true that, print media harms the environmental balance with its
requirement for paper and chemical ink. Also, disposing off
redundant print material is a problem.
Most of the people today have television sets, radios, and Internet
access which are sustainable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective forms
of communication. Moreover, print is a one way communication,
while electronic media allows interaction.
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Interactive Media:
In the last century, a revolution in telecommunications has greatly
altered communication by providing new media for long distance
communication.
Analog telecommunications include traditional telephony, radio, and
TV broadcasts.
Digital telecommunications allow for computer-mediated
communication, telegraphy, and computer networks.
Communications media impact more than the reach of messages.
Modern communication media now allow for intense long-distance
exchanges between larger numbers of people (many-to-many
communication via e-mail, internet forums).
On the other hand, many traditional broadcast media and mass
media favor one-to-many communication (television, radio, cinema,
newspaper, magazines).
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New Media:
In the twenty first century, a revolution in telecommunications has
greatly altered communication by providing new media for long
distance communication.
Analog telecommunications include traditional telephony, radio, and
TV broadcasts.
Digital telecommunications allow for computer-mediated
communication, telegraphy, and computer networks.
Communications media impact more than the reach of messages.
Modern communication media now allow for intense long-distance
exchanges between larger numbers of people (many-to-many
communication via e-mail, internet forums). On the other hand,
many traditional broadcast media and mass media favor one-to-
many communication (television, radio, cinema, newspaper,
magazines).