Suitable of BSc (Agri) and BSc Horticulture students of Agricultural University.

2. Harvesting:
It is the operation of cutting, picking, plucking digging
or a combination of these operations for removing the crop
from under the ground of above the ground of removing the
useful part or fruits from plants.
Harvesting action can be done by
four ways,
•Slicing action with a sharp tool.
•Tearing action with a rough serrated edge.
•High velocity single element impact with
sharp of dull edge.
•Two elements scissors type action.

3. Harvesting can be done by,
 Manually operated tool
 Animal drawn machine
 Mechanically operated machine

7. There are a few related terms
in connection with harvesting
are,
1.Mower:
2.Reaper
3.Reaper binder
4.Swath
5.Sickle
6.Windrow
7.Windrower

8. Sickle is a simple harvesting tool. It is used
for harvesting crops and cutting other vegetations.
It essentially consists of a metallic blade
and a wooden handle.
 SickleS are claSSified into two
claSSeS,
i) Plain
ii) Serrated

10. Reaper is a machine to cut grain crops.
 Animal drawn reaper is getting popular gradually in the
country.
 It is pulled by a pair of animals.
 It can harvest nearly 5 to 8 cm above the ground.
 Frame is usually made of mild steel sections.
 The cutter bar knife is made of high carbon steel.
 The shoes are usually made of malleable casting.
 Ball bearings are used for efficient and durable working.

11. Care and Maintenance
1. Wheel hub bearings, flywheel shaft bearings
and pitman bearings should be well lubricated.
2. Knife bar should be sharpened at regular
interval. It is desirable to sharp the knife after
about 30 working hours.
3. All the nuts bolts should be checked before
taking the machine to the field.

12. 1. It is used for harvesting
of paddy & wheat.
2. The reaper is mounted
on the power tiller.
3. The crop is conveyed
to the side by the
conveyer belt.
4. The capacity may be
0.25-0.35ha/hr.
1. It is used for harvesting
of paddy& wheat.
2. The reaper is mounted
at the tractor which
can be lowered &
raised by the hydraulic
control.
3. The crop is conveyed
to the side by the
conveyer belt.
4. It’s capacity may be
0.4-0.6ha/hr.

13. It is a machine to cut herbage
crops and leave them in swath.
 There are different types of
mower used in different ways such
as,
• Cylinder Mower.
• Reciprocating Mower
• Horizontal Rotary Mower:
• Gang Mower
• Flail Mower

16. DEFINITION
It is the process of detaching grains
from the ear heads or from the plants.
Principle of Threshing:
• Some impact or pounding is given on
crops, the grains are separated from
panicles, cobs or pods.
• The crop mass passes through a gap
between drum and concave, wearing or
rubbing action takes place . This
separates grains from panicles.

20. It is a machine operated by a prime mover
such as electric motor ,engine , used for
threshing.
TYPES OF POWER THRESHER
1. Hammer mill type
2. Rasp bar cylinder type
3. Spike tooth cylinder type
4. Syndicator
5. Drummy type

22. 1. The machine should be installed at a level
surface as far as possible.
2. The direction of the machine should be kept in
consonance with the direction of the prevailing
wind.
3. Suitable type of the pulley should be provided
on the thresher.
4. The feeding should be continuous and uniform.

23. 5.After the continuous working for 8 to 10 hrs the
machine should be given some rest before it is put
into operation again.
6.When the machine is not is use after the threshing
season is over, all the belts should be removed and
the machine should be kept in a covered place.
7.The thresher should be operated the speed
recommended by the manufacturer.
8.Bering and other working parts should always be
properly greased and oiled.

24. • It is a machine designed for harvesting
threshing separating cleaning and
collecting grains while moving through the
standing crops.
The main function are:
1. Cutting the standing crops
2. Feeding the cut crops to threshing unit
3. Threshing the crop
4. Operating and maintenance is costly.

26. 1. It save the cost of harvesting and
threshing the crops.
2. It reduces the labor requirement of
the field.
3. It clean the field the earlier ,
which permit easy dry weather
farming.
4. As the grain come in hand earlier
there is every possibilities to get
good profit in the market.

27. 1. Higher initial cost
2. Un-adoptable for mixed farming
3. It can not be used in fragmented
piece of land
4. Heavy loss of grain.