this testing includes weeding, its objective ,types and testing of both manual and power weeders
Testing of weeder includes General test or lab test and Field test
General test or lab test includes
Checking of specifications
Checking of hardness of material
Chemical analysis of soil engaging components
Wear of the soil engaging components
Engine performance
Noise level
Air cleaner oil pull over
Amplitude of mechanical vibration
Discard limit
Turning ability
Rotary blades
Safety requirements
---Field test
Field parameters
Speed of travel
Field capacity
Depth of weeding
Draft of the weeder
Weeding efficiency
Power requirement
Plant damage
Field efficiency
Performance index
Fuel consumtion
Soundness of construction
Ease of adjustment and operation
Harvesting operations are one of the farm field operation in which seeds are separated from the stalk on which they grow. This is done when crops are ripened and reached maturity.
In order to achieve increased yield, the crops that are cultivated should be harvested at appropriate harvest time and moisture content. Both delayed and early harvesting results in decreased yield.
Definition
The operation of cutting, picking, digging or any combination of these for removing the whole crop or edible part of the crop from either under the ground or above the ground is called harvesting.
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Harvesting operations are one of the farm field operation in which seeds are separated from the stalk on which they grow. This is done when crops are ripened and reached maturity.
In order to achieve increased yield, the crops that are cultivated should be harvested at appropriate harvest time and moisture content. Both delayed and early harvesting results in decreased yield.
Definition
The operation of cutting, picking, digging or any combination of these for removing the whole crop or edible part of the crop from either under the ground or above the ground is called harvesting.
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
This presentation will provide knowledge on losses in combine harvester and adjustments to overcome those losses. It posses some related formulas, calculation and image to identify the components of combine harvester as well.
Introduction
Crop planting operation is the art of placing seed in the soil to obtain good germination and crop stands.
A perfect sowing gives
Correct amount of seed per unit area.
Correct depth of sowing
Correct spacing between row-to-row and plant to plant.
Correct seed rate
These slides explains more about equipment used on sowing and planting various seeds and germinated plants with different sowing methods. Consists of drawings and real pictures for more understanding.
Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley
TRACTOR TYPES ,COST ANALYSIS OF TRACTOR POWER AND Attached implementsRahul Bhaktani
TRACTOR TYPES ,COST ANALYSIS OF TRACTOR POWER AND Attached implements types of tractor wheel crawler power tiller fixed cost variable cost engg 5211 igkv coa raipur rahul bhaktani B.Sc 2nd year 1st semester
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Power Tiller is a walking tractor that is commonly used for soil cultivation. Power Tiller is the best choice for small & medium scale farmers. It helps to reduce animal and man power. It is a machine compiled with a powerful engine & designed to push forward or backward.
Power Tiller is a very capable machine to perform various operations in farm like rotary, puddler, leveler, trailers, plow disc & thresher. One of the most important functions of the Power Tiller is that it correctly seeds the crop to be planted and warms the soil before planting by burying the ruminant in it. Because of controlling weeds it helps to crops growth.
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
A farm machinery and/or implement can be defined as any type of machinery or implement that can be used in the process of agricultural production; it can be for crop production or animal production.
This is the powerpoint presentation related in the course of Farm Power and Machinery on B.Sc. Agriculture. It helps all to know easily about harvesting and threshing equipments related under that course. It also helps for the students of Agricultural Enginnering.
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is the main sugar-producing crop that contributes nearly 78.2% to the total sugar pool at the global level. It is the prime source of sugar in India; also holding the prominent position as the commercial cash crop. Power weeder has been evaluated for its performance and suitability in sugarcane crop. The evaluation was conducted at different moisture contents of soil i.e., 30,45 and 60 days after sowing(DAS) at different speeds of weeder.
This presentation will provide knowledge on losses in combine harvester and adjustments to overcome those losses. It posses some related formulas, calculation and image to identify the components of combine harvester as well.
Introduction
Crop planting operation is the art of placing seed in the soil to obtain good germination and crop stands.
A perfect sowing gives
Correct amount of seed per unit area.
Correct depth of sowing
Correct spacing between row-to-row and plant to plant.
Correct seed rate
These slides explains more about equipment used on sowing and planting various seeds and germinated plants with different sowing methods. Consists of drawings and real pictures for more understanding.
Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley
TRACTOR TYPES ,COST ANALYSIS OF TRACTOR POWER AND Attached implementsRahul Bhaktani
TRACTOR TYPES ,COST ANALYSIS OF TRACTOR POWER AND Attached implements types of tractor wheel crawler power tiller fixed cost variable cost engg 5211 igkv coa raipur rahul bhaktani B.Sc 2nd year 1st semester
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Power Tiller is a walking tractor that is commonly used for soil cultivation. Power Tiller is the best choice for small & medium scale farmers. It helps to reduce animal and man power. It is a machine compiled with a powerful engine & designed to push forward or backward.
Power Tiller is a very capable machine to perform various operations in farm like rotary, puddler, leveler, trailers, plow disc & thresher. One of the most important functions of the Power Tiller is that it correctly seeds the crop to be planted and warms the soil before planting by burying the ruminant in it. Because of controlling weeds it helps to crops growth.
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
A farm machinery and/or implement can be defined as any type of machinery or implement that can be used in the process of agricultural production; it can be for crop production or animal production.
This is the powerpoint presentation related in the course of Farm Power and Machinery on B.Sc. Agriculture. It helps all to know easily about harvesting and threshing equipments related under that course. It also helps for the students of Agricultural Enginnering.
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is the main sugar-producing crop that contributes nearly 78.2% to the total sugar pool at the global level. It is the prime source of sugar in India; also holding the prominent position as the commercial cash crop. Power weeder has been evaluated for its performance and suitability in sugarcane crop. The evaluation was conducted at different moisture contents of soil i.e., 30,45 and 60 days after sowing(DAS) at different speeds of weeder.
Presentation at the Workshop on Crop Production Equipment for the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Authors: P.D. Kahandage and G.A.S. Ginigaddara: Rajarata, University of Sri Lanka
Title: Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of a Manually Operated Multi-row Weeder for SRI Rice in Sri Lanka
Date: November 1, 2014
Venue: ACISAI, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, weeders
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
EFFECTS OF MOISTURE CONTENT, BULK DENSITY AND TRACTOR FORWARD SPEEDS ON ENERG...IAEME Publication
Energy requirement in tillage operations plays a vital role in agricultural mechanization. This hardly comes by since much drudgery is still applied in farming operation in respect to mechanization. This research was conducted at National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Experimental Farm, Umudike Umuahia, Abia State of Nigeria. Three different tractor forward speeds of 1.94 m/s, 2.22 m/s and 2.5 m/s were employed to determine the needed energy requirements in the ploughing operations. It was observed that total energy expended on ploughing were 36,722.34 KJ, 55,173.61 KJ and 69,464.82 KJ respectively. The results indicated that energy decreased with increase in moisture content level db% and increased with increase in bulk density at various forward speeds. This follows the sloping and rising up of the graphs as the moisture content levels (db %) and bulk density (g/cm3) increased, with highest coefficient of determination R2 = 0.698 at tractor forward speed of 1.94 m/s. The result revealed that energy increased as the tractor forward speeds increased with mean energy values of 1,836.12 KJ, 2,758.58 KJ and 3,637.13 KJ. The highest energy was expended at tractor forward speed of 2.5 m/s. It was clear that the ploughing at tractor forward speed of 1.94 m/s requires less energy. Therefore, 1.94 m/s tractor forward speed is preferred to ploughing operation
Field test of a locally designed inter furrow cultivator prototypeNabil Shaban
The main aim of this research was to evaluate and test the hand steering cultivator for inter furrow cultivation. The hand machine frame was provided with a single rubber wheel. The soil working tines represented in the two augers attached to the back of the frame. The auger tines mounted to the frame was inclined in position of both sides of the frame. The cultivation unit is supposed to uproot and kill weeds at the early stage of the crop growth along the furrow sides with minimum crop seedlings damage. The cultivation unit also should agitate soil surface and form of the furrows to facilitate easy irrigation. The cultivator was tested in the Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut. The experiments show that using small size auger tines may not mean lower labor effort exerted for pushing. The direction of cultivation tine rotation generates forces directed forward in the direction of motion. Therefore, lower labor fatigue may occur when using auger tines of larger size (suitable for cultivation) and more capable engine to drive it. Possible forward speed for the labor to maintain continuous operation was
0.34 m/s for the labor of average health. This particular forward speed was recorded corresponding to 160 rpm of the cultivation auger tine. The 6 cm lip height auger tine slowed efficient performance of the cultivator from the point of view of soil agitation as well as weed uprooting. Using a ridger efficiently opens the furrow to enable uniform irrigation. The auger tine mechanism was also designed to provide the possibility of changing operation width to match the working conditions of different crops. The theoretical field was capacity 0.21 and 0.29 fed/h. Actual field capacity of 0.17 and 0.22 fed/h were obtained. Operation efficiency was 80.1 and
75 % for Corn and Cabbage, respectively.
Field test of a locally designed inter furrow cultivator prototypeNabil Shaban
The main aim of this research was to evaluate and test the hand steering cultivator for inter furrow cultivation. The hand machine frame was provided with a single rubber wheel. The soil working tines represented in the two augers attached to the back of the frame. The auger tines mounted to the frame was inclined in position of both sides of the frame. The cultivation unit is supposed to uproot and kill weeds at the early stage of the crop growth along the furrow sides with minimum crop seedlings damage. The cultivation unit also should agitate soil surface and form of the furrows to facilitate easy irrigation. The cultivator was tested in the Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut. The experiments show that using small size auger tines may not mean lower labor effort exerted for pushing. The direction of cultivation tine rotation generates forces directed forward in the direction of motion. Therefore, lower labor fatigue may occur when using auger tines of larger size (suitable for cultivation) and more capable engine to drive it. Possible forward speed for the labor to maintain continuous operation was 0.34 m/s for the labor of average health. This particular forward speed was recorded corresponding to 160 rpm of the cultivation auger tine. The 6 cm lip height auger tine slowed efficient performance of the cultivator from the point of view of soil agitation as well as weed uprooting. Using a ridger efficiently opens the furrow to enable uniform irrigation. The auger tine mechanism was also designed to provide the possibility of changing operation width to match the working conditions of different crops. The theoretical field was capacity 0.21 and 0.29 fed/h. Actual field capacity of 0.17 and 0.22 fed/h were obtained. Operation efficiency was 80.1 and 75 % for Corn and Cabbage, respectively.
Comparative performance evaluation of different mechanical implement for weed...Gajanan Bele
Comparative performance evaluation of different mechanical implement for weed control in sugarcane crop
agricultural engineering seminar
caet vnmkv parbhani maharashtra
DRAUGHT FORCE REQUIREMENTS OF A DISC PLOUGH AT VARIOUS TRACTOR FORWARD SPEEDS...IAEME Publication
Tillage operation in loamy sand soil for disc ploughing on an experimental plot of twenty different soil moisture levels at tractor forward speeds of 1.94 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 2.5 m/s were conducted using trace tractor techniques. The variables: draw-bar pull force, moisture content, cone index, tractor forward speeds, widths of cut and depths of cut were measured. In determining the effect of moisture content and forward speeds on draught forces, results revealed that at lowest moisture content of 1.53% draught forces of 4688.33 N, 5708.33 N and 6758.33 N at tractor forward speeds of 1.94 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 2.5 m/s, were obtained. The draught forces of 3008.32 N, 4018.66 N and 5068.os33 N were obtained at highest moisture content of 24.14% with tractor forward speeds of 1.94 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 2.5 m/s. The tractor forward speeds of 2.5 m/s recorded the highest draught force of 6758.33 N. The lowest draught forces at respective moisture levels were obtained at tractor forward speed of 1.94 m/s. It is clear that, draught forces increase with increase in tractor forward speeds. This result indicates that the best tractor forward speed for ploughing operation is 2.5 m/s which took place within the range of the optimum soil moisture of 2.5–25% for soil under consideration
Sustainable landscape installations integrate function, attractiveness, and energy- and water- conservation elements, as well as other criteria's established by the client or the special conditions of the site itself
Development and Field Evaluation of a Variable-Depth Tillage Tool Based on a ...J. Agricultural Machinery
Soil compaction can be naturally occurred or can be machinery-induced. Subsoiling is often applied to loosen soil compaction and decrease soil strength to levels that allow for root development and growth. Variable-depth subsoiling which modifies the physical properties of soil only where the tillage is required for crop growth has the potential to reduce labor, costs and fuel, and energy requirements. Since this study aimed to perform subsoiling operations with variable depth, the variable-depth tillage (VDT) tool was developed. A pneumatic multi-nozzles sensor has been used to simultaneously predict the depth of a soil layer in three depths (15, 30, and 45 cm), and send a signal to control the depth of the VDT tool. Evaluation of the VDT tool system was performed by two methods namely static and dynamic tests. In static evaluation, the system response time was measured to reach 95% of the proposed depths. The dynamic evaluation of the tool was accomplished in two steps in the field. The amount of fuel consumption and the travel distance of the tool tine to reach the desired operation depth were measured and compared with the common subsoiler (when the depth control was OFF). The average fuel consumption by using the variable-depth tillage tool decreased by 17.36% compared to the constant depth. Furthermore, the pneumatic sensor tine penetrated into the soil perfectly and sent the control signal to the control unit of the VDT tool in real-time, and the VDT tool loosened the soil at the exact depths sent by the sensor.
Similar to Testing of manual and power Weeder (20)
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
ESC Beyond Borders _From EU to You_ InfoPack general.pdf
Testing of manual and power Weeder
1.
2. Presented by
ARUNA T N
Mtech(dept of FMPE)
CTAE, MPUAT Udaipur
TESTING OF MANUAL
AND POWER OPERATED
WEEDER
3. WEEDING
Weeds are unwanted and undesired plants which grow
among the field crops, which compete with main crop for
their existence, which causing serious yield loss by share in
land, water, nutrients, sun light, and available CO2 for main
crop.
The main objective of the weeding intercultivation operation
is the provide best opportunity to crop to establish and grow
more vigorously upto time of harvest.
4. Main objective is to reduce the competation of light, nutrients
and water with the main crops.
It improves the soil condition by reducing the evaporation
from the soil surface.
It improves the infilteration of rain or surface water .
Reduce the runoff to maintain ridges or beds in which the crop
is grown.
5. 1. Manual weeding tools - Small tools
- Spades or chopping hoes
- Long handle weeders
- wheel hoe type weeders.
2. Animal drawan weeder - single row hoe
- multi row implements
- multi purpose tool frame with wheels
3. Power operated weeder - self propelled power weeder
- tractor operated weeder
- rotary hoe
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. • Checking of specifications
• Checking of hardness of material
• Chemical analysis of soil engaging components
• Wear of the soil engaging components
• Engine performance
• Noise level
• Air cleaner oil pull over
• Amplitude of mechanical vibration
• Discard limit
• Turning ability
• Rotary blades
• Safety requirements
• Field parameters
• Speed of travel
• Field capacity
• Depth of weeding
• Draft of the weeder
• Weeding efficiency
• Power requirement
• Plant damage
• Field efficiency
• Performance index
• Fuel consumtion
• Soundness of construction
• Ease of adjustment and operation
12. Checking of specifications
The specifications of the machine and of the component should be
checked and verified as against the values furnished by the applicant
given in BIS document.
Hardness
The hardness of the various critical components should be measured and
compared with the relevant Indian Standards.
Chemical analysis
The chemical composition of the critical soil engaging components
should be determined and reported.
Wear test
The mass of the critical soil engaging components should be determined
before and after the field test to assess the wear rate.
13. Engine performance - power at the rated enginre speed, specific
fuel consumption under maximum power and rated power. Max.
crankshaft torque, Max. temperature of Engine oil, Lubrication oil
consumption [g/kwh).
Noise level
Maximum ambient noise emitted by the power tiller in dB at
by-stander's level & Max. noise at operators ear level in dB.-
max.90dB
Amplitude of mechanical vibration
Test the amplitude of the vibration level on the right and left hand
handle, Forward and reverse motion belt tightening lever,
throttle control lever, top of the fuel tank and the top of the air
cleaner. – max 100 micron.
Turning ability
Test the minimum turning diameter and clearence diameter in
both left side and right hand side .
14. Rotary blades
Test the shape, dimensions, hardness and the chemical composition of the
blades as per the BIS standards specifications.
Safety requirements
Check and test the Provision of guards on moving parts other than rotavator
location and direction of exhaust emission to be away from the operator and
machine for stationary operations.
Covers on hot parts & Locking of parking stand lever.
Protective shield for rotavator to prevent flying of mud and stones.
15. Field parameters
The test condition of the field were considered like type of field,
length and width of the field, area of the field, soil moisture
content and soil type.
The condition of weed is also taken in to consideration in terms
of type of weed, root zone depth of weed, density of weed.
The condition of crop is also considered in terms of variety, row
spacing, age in days, plant population per meter square of area
and height of plant.
16. Speed of travel
For calculating the speed of travel, a distance of 150 m is fixed and
the time to cover this distance is noted.
For measuring the speed of travel, the implement is started well
before the first pole marker and it was ensured that the speed is
uniform throughout the marked space and then implement is operated
in 150 m distance.
A stop watch is used to record the time taken by the implement to
travel the marked distance during operation and the speed of travel is
calculated in terms of meter per minute or meter per second.
17. Field capacity
The actual output interms of area covered per hour is expressed as the
effective field capacity. The field capacity is determined by,
EFC= A/(Tp+TN) , ha/h
A= area covered in ha , Tp= productive time, TN= non productive time
Depth of weeding
The vertical distance between the sole and the ground level is referred as
the depth of weeding. The depth of weeding is a parameter, which plays an
important role for the draft of the weeder..
Draft of the weeder
In order to measure the draft of the weeder the different parameters like
soil resistance, width and depth of cut is required. Draft is an important
parameter of the developed weeder and it must be within the physical limit
of the operator.
18. The draft was calculated by the following expression;
D = S × w × d
where, D = Draft of the weeder (kg)
w = Width of cut (cm)
d= Depth of cut (cm)
S= Soil resistance (kg/cm2)
Weeding efficiency
The weeder is tested on the same field to determine weeding efficiency .
The weeding efficiency is calculated by the following mentioned
expression and parameters;
E=(W1-W2)/𝐖1
where, E= Weeding efficiency (%)
W1 = number of weeds before weeding
W2 = number of weeds after weeding
19. Power requirement
The power input required for weeding operation is calculated by
considering the parameters like draft and traveling speed.
Power input (hp) = [draft(kg) × travelling speed (m/s)]/75
Plant damage
The test is conducted to find out the percent of the plant damage that taken
place during the field operation.
The percent plant damage is calculated by the following expression
Percentage plant damage = q/p × 100
where, q= Number of plant damaged in 10 m row length after weeding
p= Number of plant damaged in 10 m row length before weeding
20. Field efficiency
Ratio of actual field capacity to the theoretical field capacity
F.E = (AFC/ TFC )×100
AFC=actual field capacity,ha/h
TFC= theoretical field capacity = (S×W)/10 , ha/h
Performance index
The performance index of the weeder is determined by;
PI =( Fc×E× r) / P
where, PI = Performance index
Fc = Field capacity of weeder (ha/ h)
E= weeding efficiency(%)
r = plant damage
P = power input (hp)
Labour requirement
The actual labour requirement for operating the weeders in the field should be
assessed and recorded
21. Fuel consumption
To check the fuel consumption the fuel tank is filled to full capacity before and after
the test. The amount of refuelling after the test is the fuel consumption by the power
weeder.
During filling up the tank, careful attention was paid to keep the tank horizontal
and to place the machine on the levelled surface.
Soundness of operation
During entire period of testing a complete record of the defects and breakdowns
should be recorder and reported in the test report .these would be reflect to a great
extent the soundness of construction of the implement under test.
Ease of adjustment and operation
A complete record of the provisions for various adjustments to cover a wide range
of operating conditions and ease of carrying out the adjustments should be
maintained during the test.
Apart from this, the ease of operation of the implement should be observed
critically and reported.