This document provides information about threshing processes and a Super Jet multicrop thresher. It discusses: 1) Types of threshing systems including manual, pedal, axial-flow, and Super Jet multicrop threshers. The Super Jet comes in single shaft, double shaft, and autofeeder models. 2) Parts of the Super Jet thresher including the threshing rotor, chaffer, sieves, table, blowers, gearbox, and auto-feeder hopper. 3) Recommendations for optimizing threshing such as using the proper machine settings and timing threshing based on crop moisture content. Tips are provided for both manual and machine threshing.

1. Approved by...
Ministry of Agriculture,
Govt. of India
Northern Regional Farm &
Machinery Testing & Training Institute,
Hissar (HP)
SUPER JET MULTICROP
THRESHER

2. Content
Introduction
Threshing systems
Parts of thresher
Threshing process
When to threshing
Recommendations
Threshing losses

3. Introduction
Threshing is the process of collecting the
mature crop from the field.
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Cutting: cutting the panicles and straw.
Hauling: moving the cut crop to the threshing
location.
Threshing: separating the paddy grain from
the rest of the cut crop.
Cleaning: removing immature, unfilled and
non-grain materials.
Field drying: (optional) leaving the cut crop in
the field and exposing it to the sun for drying.
Stacking / Piling: (optional) temporarily storing
the harvested crop in stacks or piles.

4. Threshing systems
1. Manual system
Manual operation
sometimes using
tools
Labor requirement:
48 person/ days

5. Capacity: approximately 15
person/ days
Threshing by impact
High shattering losses
Pre-drying might be
needed

6. 2. Pedal thresher
Capacity:
Principle
Wire loop threshing drum
Mainly combing the grains off the
straw, some threshing by impact
Advantages
Maintains the straw
Disadvantage
Needs winnowing after threshing
Wire loop threshing drum

7. 3. Axial-flow thresher
Capacity: 0.3-3 tone/hour
Threshing through impact
Large range of sizes available
With or without cleaner
Truck mounted units
Advantages
Can thresh wet crop
Compact
produced in 9 different countries
used by several 100,000’s of rice farmers across Asia
Axial flow principle
Peg tooth
threshing
drum

8. Axial flow thresher

9. 4. Super Jet Multicrop Thresher
There are three types of super jet multicrop thresher
1. Single Shaft thresher
2. Double Shaft thresher
3. Autofeeder thresher
Power efficiency is very more than conventional
threshers.
Many crops like millet,wheat,castor,rice,corn,
soyabean can be threshed at better efficiency.
 Cleaning process is done by combination of fan
and oscillating sieves.
Autofeeder for feeding the crops in cutterdrum.

10. 1. Single shaft thresher
Construction:
In this machine threshing rotor and
blowers are mounted on same shafts.
Required Input RPM to the threshing
shaft is given by belt and pulley drive
from the input power unit eg.
Tractor/motor or engine. . There are two
blowers mounted one is for suction and
throwing chopped waste and second is for
fine cleaning of the output grain. Body of
very heavy gauge welded steel plates with
the following features.

11. 2. Double shaft thresher
Application :
To Remove seeds from the cobs by gentle
shelling action without damaging seeds. Empty
Cobs will be collected from the back side of the
thresher which comes out from the top of
reciprocating sieve chamber.
Construction:
In this machine threshing rotor and blowers are
mounted on different shafts. Required Input
RPM to the threshing shaft is given by belt and
pulley drive from the input power unit eg.
Tractor/motor or engine. . There are two blowers
mounted one is for suction and throwing
chopped waste and second is for fine cleaning
of the output grain. Body of very heavy gauge
welded steel plates with the following features

12. 3. sidedshaft thresher
Multi Crop Thresher also known as side shaft thresher
has threshing rotor and blower. This Machine is state of
the art design to handle different variery/size/shape of
grains and pulses. This machine can thresh almost all the
crops like castor, soyabean, maize, wheat, millet, cluster
bean, mustard, pegion pea, mung beans, peas, sunflower,
fenugreek, cumin seed, Isabgul(phylium), Rajgara,
coriander seed(dhaniya) etc…
Construction
:
In this machine threshing rotor and blowers are mounted
on different shafts. Required Input RPM to the threshing
shaft is given by belt and pulley drive from the input
power unit eg. Tractor/motor or engine. From the back
end of the threshing shaft belt and pulley drive is given
and a required RPM is transferred to a shaft mounted on
one of the side of thresher. And from there with belt and
pulley drive rotation is provided to a blower shaft at the
back end of thresher. There are two blowers mounted
one is for suction and throwing chopped waste and
second is for fine cleaning of the output grain.

13. Operation
As the crop to be fed in the feeding hopper , threshing rotor applies
gentle threshing/shelling and press the material to the concave sieve
made from square polish bars resulting separation of grains and
covers. From there onwards grains fall on reciprocating sieve
chamber and passes through the screen. Wastage ( chopped straws)
can not pass through the holes due to there bigger size and ejected
through powerful blowers and falls away from the operating area.
Small dust particles which passes through screens along with grains
in the reciprocating sieve chamber finally blown by refining fan
mounted on main shaft having air discharge to the final output of
grains.

14. Various parts of multicrop thresher
Double Shaft Thresher Rotor
It is available in two types. This rotor rotates
on two shaft and due to that the speed of the
rotor and fan is proportionally same.
• Chaffer
It is very useful for refined chaffing of
grains.
• Big Size Sieve
The new model is 30" wide. So there are no
chances of clogging and the cleaning is done
speedily.

15. Table
Due to its special design it can be moved to
and fro and up and down even though it is
attached to Thresher.
Rear- Side Blower
This facility helps to throw away residue and
to avoid spoiling tractor's radiator in case of
change in the direction of wind.
Traction Joint Hook
It is specially designed to adjust it up or down
as per requirement.

16. Gearbox
It is designed in accordance with R.P.M of
tractor. So the speed of the sieve can be
adjusted according to the crop.
Auto-Feeder Hoaper
Modern design and new arrangement for
feeding corn into the machine. This avoids
chances of accident. No necessity to push
corn into the machine by hands. No injury
is caused while drawing wheat, mustard,
vetch, etc and also has better average.

17. When to thresh
thresh the corn when:
 20-25% grain moisture
80-85% straw colored and
 the grains in the lower part of
the panicle are in the hard doe
stage
 30 days after flowering

18. Cleaning
 Combination of fan and
oscillating sieves
 Air delivered by first fan
removes lighter materials
 Second fan removes heavy
materials by flow airs from
behind parts of the sieves.
 Top sieves with large holes
remove larger straw particles
 Bottom sieves with smaller
holes remove small seeds (e.g.
weed seeds)

19. Losses during threshing
Separation loss or “blower loss” = mature grains that are
mixed with straw or chaff during the cleaning operation.
Scatter loss = mature grains that are scattered on the ground
during the threshing and cleaning operation.
Threshing loss = mature grains that remain attached to the
panicle in the straw after completion of the threshing operation.
High threshing efficiency will lead to low threshing loss, and vice
versa.

20. Recommendations for optimizing quality
Threshing at the right time and moisture content
Avoid stacking the cut crop in the field
Avoid delays in threshing after harvesting
Use the proper machine settings when using a threshing
machine
Clean the grain properly after threshing
Avoid delay in drying after threshing

21. Tips for manual threshing
Thresh as soon as possible
after cutting
Hand thresh at lower
moisture
Place a large canvas under
the threshing frame to
minimize shatter loss

22. Tips for machine threshing
Thresh as soon as possible after
cutting
Level the thresher
Set machine correctly
drum speeds in thresher
(600rpm)
air flow in the cleaner
angle in the cleaner sieves

23. Setting threshing drum speed
Always adjust the thresher
correctly.
For peg-tooth drums the drum
tip speed should be about 12-16
m/sec (see Table for correct
RPM).
Higher speeds result in higher
grain damage and de-hulled
grains.
Lower speeds increase the
amount of non-threshed grain
and result in grain loss. Lower
speeds also decrease the
throughput of the thresher.
RPM
Tip speed (m/s) for drum diameters of
30 cm
40 cm
50 cm
400
6.3
8.4
10.42
450
7.07
9.4
11.78
500
7.85
10.5
13.09
550
8.64
11.5
14.4
600
9.42
12.6
15.7
650
10.21
13.6
17.02
700
11
14.7
18.3
750
11.8
15.7
19.64
800
12.6
16.8
21
850
13.4
17.8
22.25
900
14.14
18.85
23.6

24. Setting concave clearance
Concave clearance
For most threshers clearances
between peg-teeth and concave
should be about 25mm.
Smaller clearance increases
grain damage and might lead to
clogging of straw.
Larger
concave clearances
reduce threshing efficiency.

25. THANK YOU