The document discusses the role and responsibilities of control room operators, particularly in power plants, highlighting their critical functions in monitoring operations, troubleshooting issues, and improving plant performance. It also covers the design and operational considerations for various specialized control rooms, such as those in hospitals, data centers, and parking facilities, emphasizing the need for tailored solutions based on specific requirements. Additionally, it outlines the importance of access control systems and building management systems in maintaining security and efficiency within these environments.

1. CONTROL ROOM
SUBMITTED BY :
CHARLIE GUPTA
DIVYANSHU PRAKASH
CHANDAN BHALLA
ABHISHEK SHRIVASTAV
SEM 8 SEC- A

2. CONTROL
ROOM
A control room, operations center,
or operations control center (OCC) is a
room serving as a central space where
a large physical facility or physically
dispersed service can be monitored
and controlled. A control room will
often be part of a larger command
center.

3. What is a Control Room
Operator?
• Control Room Operators
work in the control rooms of
large plants, in particular
power plants, where they
monitor all of the operations
of the plants to ensure that
everything is working
properly.
• Control Room Operators
control the creation and flow
of electricity from power
plants to businesses, homes
and factories.
• Control Room Operators
work at all kinds of power
plants, including coal, gas,
nuclear, hydroelectric, and
wind and solar power.

4. Control Room Operator Duties and
Responsibilities
In order to monitor and maintain the operations of a power plant, Control Room
Operators must carry out a large range of duties.
• Monitor Plant Operations
They watch closely to identify any abnormal operating and equipment conditions.
• Fix Problems
When something abnormal is detected, the Control Room Operators troubleshoots
and repairs the electrical and mechanical equipment to get everything back on track to
minimize safety risks and economic losses.
• Track and Log Operational Systems
The Control Room Operators is responsible for tracking and recording the status of the
operational system using applicable journals and control system tools.
• Make Recommendations
From their vantage point, Control Room Operators are in a great position to identify
and recommend changes to improve overall plant reliability, performance and output.
• Monitor Emissions
An important duty of the Control Room Operator is to monitor the operations.

5. Different Applications | Same Considerations

6. Design parameters-

7. CONTROL
ROOMS
There are many buildings with
specialized application, like, data
center, hospital and underground
metro station; where requirement for
these varies from a normal comfort
application and hence these need to
be treated differently. The requirements
for such specialized applications have
been given below:

8. Educational
Institute
 These facilities have two distinct occupant zones:
(a) the floor level, where younger children play, and
(b) normal adult height, for the teachers.
 The administrative and teachers offices shall be
considered as a separate zone. Special consideration
shall be given to operating schedule for setback.
 Supply air outlets should be positioned to avoid
drafts. Proper ventilation and exhaust shall be
provided for controlling odors and to prevent the
spread of diseases.
 University and college campus having large diversity
in cooling/heating loads, should be provided with
large central utility plant or smaller mechanical rooms
serving a cluster of buildings.
 The central utility plant may supply chilled/hot water.
The designer should consider site constraints,
including geographic location.
 In addition to accommodating the mechanical and
electrical equipment, central utility plant may also
house engineering, operation and maintenance
personnel. A central control room shall be provided
for energy monitoring.

9. Health care
facility/Hospital—
Health care facility/Hospital—
Some of the spaces in health
care facilities require specific
conditions of temperature,
relative humidity, pressure
differential with respect to
adjacent spaces and cleanliness
levels as well as low noise. When
lower temperatures are desired in
comparison to general areas,
multiple design philosophies are
available.

10. Data centers
Data centers — The occupant
load in data centers is nearly 1 or 2
percent of total load, rest is
primarily server/equipment load.
Therefore, in this type of building,
the majority of load is sensible
load. It is critical to maintain the
operating conditions of
server/equipment for their safe
and consistent operation at lowest
operating cost. Design needs
should be identified after working
closely with architect,
equipment/server manufacturer
and HVAC consultant.

11. Underground
metro station
Underground metro station — There are
two challenges to be dealt with at
underground metro station:
1) Tunnel air temperature which increases
due to the movement of metro train in
tunnel.
2) Comfort condition at platform and
concourse due to sudden high
passengers load and metro movement
(equipment load).
Both the above may be handled
differently by different designers.

12. Smoke management system
The smoke extract fans (SEF) and trackway
exhaust fans (TEF) are used respectively for
concourse and platform smoke extraction. The
smoke extraction fans and other system
components like duct, dampers, attenuators,
etc, shall have suitable fire rating. Smoke
extraction fans with related equipment shall be
installed in the ECS plant rooms provided at
concourse level at each end of the station.
Where smoke extract ducting passes through
protected areas, it shall be rated to the same
fire resistance as the walls of the
compartments. Flow switches shall be
provided for exhaust. Station smoke removal
fans to provide a positive indication of the fan
operation at the station control rooms (SCR) as
well as operations control center (OCC).

13. Lift control room
The lift maintenance contractor shall deploy
adequate quantum of skilled
technicians/supervisor/engineer with proper PPE
(Personal Protective Equipment) to attend to
servicing/maintenance/repairs/rescue operation as
required.
When the lift number is substantial or lift service is
critical like hospitals, the maintenance contract
may provide for manning the lift control room by
a skilled and trained staff to attend to emergency
calls from the lifts and to attend to emergency
rescue operation, or any emergency situation.
The lift manufacturer shall train few earmarked
personnel like security staff pertaining to safe
method of rescuing trapped persons.

14. Car parking control room
Car parking — A car park can be one of buildings busiest and most vulnerable areas.
Parking facilities can offer criminals the opportunities to commit personal and property
crime without detection. Enhanced security operations in parking areas are supported by
intercom systems, emergency phones at strategic locations, duress alarms, CCTV, scream
alert detectors and motion detectors in stairwells.
1) Duress/panic alarm stations — Duress or panic alarms can be placed at strategic
locations to enhance public/tenant safety. When the emergency button is activated, the
alarm will alert the operator in the control room and emit an audible alarm and/or strobe
light.
2) CCTV— The placement of cameras shall be done to provide optimum surveillance in all
directions including all entry/exit points and cover all dark comers.
3) Security>patrols — The guard force shall conduct regular patrols of the all car¬ parking
areas. Installing a guard tour System can enhance patrol coverage and effectiveness.
4) Roller shutters — Roller shutters can be installed at all vehicle entry points to secure the
area when the circumstances dictate.

15. Requirement
In order to provide an excellent security service
following security procedures should be adhered to
across all buildings and SOPs as per the
organization’s requirement should be formulated
to standardize the processes:
a) Access control;
b) Identification badge;
c) Administration of locks and keys;
d) Sites’ opening and closing procedures;
e) Security risk, threat and violation;
f) Card access system;
g) Search procedures;
h) Managing the security control room;
j) Incident management and investigation;
k) Reporting of security incidents and losses;
m) Asset removal;
n) Transportation security; and
p) Site emergency procedures.

16. CCTV control and monitoring
CCTV control and monitoring OPERATION ARE FOLLOWS
a) All access areas, such as doorways, lifts and staircases should be covered by CCTV
surveillance for both day and night monitoring in large group housing, commercial
complexes, hospitals/hotels, airports and railway stations.
b) The CCTV installation shall be interfaced to the Security Management System
(SMS) to provide the operator with the facility to capture and display any camera
picture.
c) Where necessary, cameras shall be provided with pan and tilt control and be fitted
with a motorized lens capable of a zoom range (Pan/Tilt/Zoom or PTZ cameras)
appropriate to the designated task. Pre-set capability can be provided for all fully
functional camera heads to allow automatic response to adjacent alarms. All CCTV
images shall be recorded. This will provide full flexibility for remote viewing of live
and recorded images. The operational requirement of each camera can be stated in
tenns of monitor and control, detection, recognition or identification

17. Access
control
system (ACS)
A fundamental element in the security strategy is to
prevent unauthorized access to restricted areas and,
subsequently, to control and monitor the movement of
authorized persons within the buildings. This shall be
implemented in a manner, which does not inhibit operations.
The system should operate as an integral sub-system
of the SMS. The proposed system should utilize the
latest developments in access control technology and
should be based on proximity card reading technology. '
The system should limit the ability of individuals
without authorization to pass through ‘locked’ doors
based on the time of the day, day of the week, week of
the year and the authorization levels allocated to the individual.
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016
Proximity technology which is extremely 'user friendly’ may be used with
advantage. The card is not subjected to any form of mechanical wear and
the life expectancy of the card is considerable.
All high security areas within the building shall be provided with an
appropriate level of access control technology. Personnel traffic shall be
monitored and access to individual floors and specific areas within each
floor shall be strictly controlled, as appropriate,
by use of the ACS.

18. Access Control
System
 An access control system (ACS) is a type of
security that manages and controls who or what
is allowed entrance to a system, environment or
facility.
 It identifies entities that have access to a
controlled device or facility based on the validity
of their credentials.
 Controlling access to your facility is very
important to keep your premises safe. To do
this, you have to find an access control solution
that meets your specific requirements.

19. Factors
Here are few factors to look
before you go aheadwith an
access control system
installation:
• Know Your Needs
• Areas You Need To Secure
• Means Of Authentication
• On-going System
Maintenance
• Wired Or Wireless Connection
• Ability To Access The System
Remotely
• Ease Of Use
• Cost

20. Wired Or Wireless Connection
Wired, door access control systems gives you access to a large area at
the click of a single switch from the control room.
 It allows you to connect multiple zones, floors, and buildings to a
centralized power source.
 Whereas wireless systems are ideal for small offices, stores and
stand alone storage areas.
 These systems can’t cover large areas and they are relatively
affordable.

21. Miscellaneous
systems
1. Truck screening
Fixed screening devices allows the user to inspect
the contents of cargo containers and vehicles quickly
and easily, validate manifests in minutes, and
pinpoint weapons, explosives, drugs and other
security threats. While vehicles and containers
remain stationary, the gantry-mounted X-ray and
detectors pass over the object being inspected. A
dedicated truck screening system is not
recommended.
2. Keys
To maintain the security of the buildings and areas,
the keys and cylinders to the entrance points should
be obtained under a key registration system where
the keys and cylinders can only be obtained from a
nominated manufacturer when the order is
approved by an authorized person — usually the
department/security manager. Keys should be kept
in secure key cabinets where authorized persons
only draw them. The key cabinet and key allocation
should be controlled using
a key management system. The loss or suspected
compromise of a security key shall be reported
immediately to the Security Manager.
3.Radio communications
It is recommended that an efficient and well
organized communication network should be
created to pass information as and when necessary.

22. TRUCK SCREENING
VERTICAL SCREENING MOVEABLE TRUCK SCREENING

23. BUILDING
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS (BMS)
All buildings have some form of mechanical and
electrical services in order to provide the facilities
necessary for maintaining a comfortable working
environment. These services have to be controlled by
some means to ensure, availability of taxi 11ties as
designed and comfort conditions irrespective of the
number of occupants or individual preferences. Basic
controls take the form ot manual switching, time clocks
or temperature switches that provide the on and off
signals for enabling pumps, fans or valves, etc. The
purpose of a building management system (BMS) is to
automate and take control of these operations in the
most efficient way possible for the occupiers/business,
within the constraints of the installed plants/
installations.

24. BMS
CONTROL
THE
FOLLOWING
a) HVAC systems, which include air handling
units, fan coil units, chillers, pumps and
boilers;
b) Lifts (it is normally used to gather information about
location/movement of lifts rather than
actually controlling their operation);
c) All equipment having variable frequency
drives (VFD);
d) Lighting systems;
e) Water supply systems including boilers, water
treatment plants, water supply pumps, etc;
f) Sewage treatment plant (STP), effluent
treatment plants (ETP);
g) Medical and other gas supply system; and
h) Access control system;
j) Ventilation system;
k) Fire alarm and suppression, fire fighting systems
(Sprinklers, hydrants); and
l) CCTV cameras connected to digital video recorders (DVR)
or network video recorders (NVR) PART

25. Key
Components
of BMS
BMS is an intelligent mix of hardware devices
which
works as data collecting/ warning agents and
software
which collates data and graphically presents
same for
better and simple understanding. The
following are the
key components of BMS:
a) Centralized workstation computer with user
friendly software used for everyday building
operations;
b) Direct digital controllers (DDC) - micro¬
processor based pre-configured/freely
programmable controllers; and
c) Field devices - temperature sensors,
humidity
sensors, pressure sensors, valves, actuators,
movement sensors, etc

26. Typical System
Components - Networks

27. BMS Workstation - AHU Graphic Display Sample

28. What
Does a
BMS Do?
The role of the BMS in
to day building operation
Building Control
Applications
Measuring and
building performance
Interaction with other
building systems

29. Building Control Applications
 Building control applications include for following: Zone temperature
monitoring and control
 Zone Variable Air Volume (VAV) control to zones
 Zone CO2 monitoring and control (Air Quality)
 Air handling unit supply air temperature control
 Air handling unit supply air flow / pressure control
 Main Plant Chiller and Boiler sequencing
 Toilet, car park, kitchen and general exhaust fan control
 After Hours Building Control

30. Interaction With Other
Building Systems

31. Benefits of
Having a
BMS
 The advantages of a BMS versus
stand alone control
 Improved Tenant comfort
conditions
 Energy Management and
reduced operational costs
 Management of building ratings
such as NABERS

32. Advantages of BMS vs
Stand Alone Control
 Reduced installation costs
 Flexibility and ease of change
 Customised control strategies
 Scalability
 Operator interaction, feedback and
control
 Integration with other building services

33. Ergonomics
Ergonomics is the study of the
relationship between workers
and their environment. Most
original console standards were
set back in the 1960s, and have
since been revised to
accommodate both new
technologies and new
understandings of how our head,
neck, and eyes operate.

36. Control room layouts-