Energy demand projection 2030 a study done by nepal investment boardBhim Upadhyaya
The document provides projections for Nepal's energy demand in 2030 using the Model for Analysis of Electricity Demand (MAED). Key findings from the base case scenario include:
- Total energy demand is projected to increase to 16,540 GWyr by 2030, with electricity comprising 23% of the energy mix compared to 6% currently.
- Electricity demand is forecasted to reach 3,817 GWyr by 2030, equivalent to 33,433 GWh or a required installed capacity of 10,092 MW.
- The share of traditional fuels like biomass will decline from 77% currently to 55% by 2030, being displaced by increased use of electricity, solar, and modern biomass.
A presentation on opportunities for employment in the Indian Energy Sector. This presentation was given to the final year students of my Alma Matter - Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (BIT Mesra) during the Silver Jubilee Reunion on 21st November 2008.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on the CLIMWAT and CROPWAT models. It discusses key concepts like reference evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, soil moisture, percolation, and irrigation efficiency. It then explains how CLIMWAT is used to provide climatic data for CROPWAT, which calculates crop water requirements and irrigation schedules. Examples are provided on using CROPWAT to determine crop water requirement, irrigation requirement, and field water supply for maize grown on 1 hectare of land. The importance of these models and improving irrigation practices is also discussed.
This document provides an overview and tutorial on ISO 1940/1, an international standard for selecting balance quality requirements for rigid rotors. It outlines the standard's methodology for determining permissible residual unbalance (Uper) based on rotor type, weight, and maximum operating speed. The document simplifies the calculations for Uper and provides guidance on allocating Uper between correction planes for different rotor configurations, such as symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors. It also compares ISO 1940/1 balance quality grades to those specified by other standards like MIL-STD-167-1 and API.
The document discusses India's water resources and the role of industry. It notes that industry consumes 8-10% of India's total water usage but is often given last priority. It emphasizes the importance of water audits, maintenance, process modifications, and educating employees to reduce water consumption and increase reuse. Recommendations include installing water meters, recycling and gray water systems, and altering cooling and heating processes to maximize water efficiency and conservation in industries.
National mission for sustainable agricultureNiharika Pande
The document outlines a proposed National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture in India. The mission would focus on developing strategies to make Indian agriculture more resilient to climate change by creating new crop varieties that can withstand various weather conditions. It would also focus on four key areas: dryland agriculture, risk management, access to information, and promoting the use of biotechnology. The overall goals are to improve productivity, especially of rainfed agriculture, and ensure food security for India's large population in the face of a changing climate.
The document discusses key elements for effectively scaling up nutrition programs to have a greater impact. It identifies 9 critical elements: 1) a clear vision and goals, 2) defining what is being scaled up, 3) understanding the enabling environment and context, 4) identifying drivers and barriers, 5) developing a scaling up strategy, 6) building capacity, 7) establishing governance structures, 8) securing adequate and flexible financing, and 9) conducting monitoring, evaluation and learning. The document argues that these elements must be coordinated to scale up both nutrition-specific interventions and enable broader enabling environments and policies to maximize nutrition impact.
The document summarizes food security measures in dry land areas of Ethiopia. It discusses key policies and interventions to ensure food security, including strengthening agricultural research, extension services, natural resource management, irrigation, and food security programs. It notes that dry land areas cover 68% of Ethiopia and support over 30 million people. The main lessons are the need for integrated approaches at national, community, and household levels to address issues like land degradation and promote water and food security. Emerging challenges include climate change impacts and limited technology uptake in dry land areas. Main recommendations are to strengthen integrated approaches and agricultural research, improve technology delivery, and build human and institutional capacity.
Energy demand projection 2030 a study done by nepal investment boardBhim Upadhyaya
The document provides projections for Nepal's energy demand in 2030 using the Model for Analysis of Electricity Demand (MAED). Key findings from the base case scenario include:
- Total energy demand is projected to increase to 16,540 GWyr by 2030, with electricity comprising 23% of the energy mix compared to 6% currently.
- Electricity demand is forecasted to reach 3,817 GWyr by 2030, equivalent to 33,433 GWh or a required installed capacity of 10,092 MW.
- The share of traditional fuels like biomass will decline from 77% currently to 55% by 2030, being displaced by increased use of electricity, solar, and modern biomass.
A presentation on opportunities for employment in the Indian Energy Sector. This presentation was given to the final year students of my Alma Matter - Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (BIT Mesra) during the Silver Jubilee Reunion on 21st November 2008.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on the CLIMWAT and CROPWAT models. It discusses key concepts like reference evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, soil moisture, percolation, and irrigation efficiency. It then explains how CLIMWAT is used to provide climatic data for CROPWAT, which calculates crop water requirements and irrigation schedules. Examples are provided on using CROPWAT to determine crop water requirement, irrigation requirement, and field water supply for maize grown on 1 hectare of land. The importance of these models and improving irrigation practices is also discussed.
This document provides an overview and tutorial on ISO 1940/1, an international standard for selecting balance quality requirements for rigid rotors. It outlines the standard's methodology for determining permissible residual unbalance (Uper) based on rotor type, weight, and maximum operating speed. The document simplifies the calculations for Uper and provides guidance on allocating Uper between correction planes for different rotor configurations, such as symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors. It also compares ISO 1940/1 balance quality grades to those specified by other standards like MIL-STD-167-1 and API.
The document discusses India's water resources and the role of industry. It notes that industry consumes 8-10% of India's total water usage but is often given last priority. It emphasizes the importance of water audits, maintenance, process modifications, and educating employees to reduce water consumption and increase reuse. Recommendations include installing water meters, recycling and gray water systems, and altering cooling and heating processes to maximize water efficiency and conservation in industries.
National mission for sustainable agricultureNiharika Pande
The document outlines a proposed National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture in India. The mission would focus on developing strategies to make Indian agriculture more resilient to climate change by creating new crop varieties that can withstand various weather conditions. It would also focus on four key areas: dryland agriculture, risk management, access to information, and promoting the use of biotechnology. The overall goals are to improve productivity, especially of rainfed agriculture, and ensure food security for India's large population in the face of a changing climate.
The document discusses key elements for effectively scaling up nutrition programs to have a greater impact. It identifies 9 critical elements: 1) a clear vision and goals, 2) defining what is being scaled up, 3) understanding the enabling environment and context, 4) identifying drivers and barriers, 5) developing a scaling up strategy, 6) building capacity, 7) establishing governance structures, 8) securing adequate and flexible financing, and 9) conducting monitoring, evaluation and learning. The document argues that these elements must be coordinated to scale up both nutrition-specific interventions and enable broader enabling environments and policies to maximize nutrition impact.
The document summarizes food security measures in dry land areas of Ethiopia. It discusses key policies and interventions to ensure food security, including strengthening agricultural research, extension services, natural resource management, irrigation, and food security programs. It notes that dry land areas cover 68% of Ethiopia and support over 30 million people. The main lessons are the need for integrated approaches at national, community, and household levels to address issues like land degradation and promote water and food security. Emerging challenges include climate change impacts and limited technology uptake in dry land areas. Main recommendations are to strengthen integrated approaches and agricultural research, improve technology delivery, and build human and institutional capacity.
Climate change adaptation in northern EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Polly Ericksen at the Stakeholders’ Workshop on Enhancing Communities’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
Groundwater Status in India:
- 54% of India's groundwater wells are declining and 21 major cities are expected to run out of groundwater by 2020, impacting over 600 million people with water stress.
- Water quality is poor with approximately 70% contaminated, placing India 120th out of 122 countries on water quality. Key contaminants affecting many districts include fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, and heavy metals.
- While per capita water availability has declined from 5,177 cubic meters per year in 1951 to 1,869 cubic meters in 2011, groundwater irrigation has increased, now supplying over 60% of irrigation nationwide. However, widespread overexploitation and poor management threaten groundwater sustainability.
Books list for Preparation of ICAR- ARS/NET/IARI-Ph.D/SRF in Soil and Water C...Pawan Jeet
This document lists recommended books for preparation for ICAR-JRF/NET/ARS/SRF examinations in various topics related to soil and water conservation engineering, land and water management engineering, hydrology, irrigation, drainage, watershed development and management, wells and pumps, groundwater hydrology, fluid mechanics, objectives in soil and water conservation engineering, and numerical practices. Key reference books mentioned include Engineering Hydrology and Hydrology: Principles, Analysis and Design for hydrology, Soil and Water Conservation Engineering and Land and Water Management Engineering for soil and water conservation, Irrigation Theory and Practice and Land and Water Management Engineering for irrigation, and Land and Water Management Engineering and Handbook of Agri. Engineering for drainage.
Introduction with weirs flumes and orificesAKHIL BHARTI
This document discusses different types of flumes, weirs, and orifices used to measure water flow. It describes flumes as man-made channels for water in the form of open declined gravity channels. It lists different types of flumes including H-type, HS-type, HL-type, and Parshall flume. Weirs are described as barriers across rivers designed to alter flow characteristics by pooling water while allowing steady flow over the top. Common types of weirs include rectangular, triangular, and Cipolletti weirs. Orifices are defined as small openings in structures across channels, typically circular or rectangular, that can be free-flowing or submerged.
Martien van Nieuwkoop
CGIAR SEMINAR SERIES
Food Security Trends and Resilience-Building Priorities
Co-organized by IFPRI, the CGIAR, and Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
SEP 1, 2023 - 9:00 TO 10:30AM EDT
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) – an overview of the basicsBushveld Energy
Presentation by Bushveld Energy on the basics of energy storage, specifically large scale batteries at the 6th Annual Africa Power Roundtable, hosted by Webber Wentzel in Sandton, South Africa on 10 April 2018.
This presentation discusses drip irrigation, including what it is, why it should be used, its components and typical layout. Drip irrigation saves water and fertilizer by slowly dripping it to plant roots through a network of pipes, tubing and emitters. It has advantages like less water use, optimized water levels and reduced disease, though it has high initial costs and maintenance challenges. In conclusion, drip irrigation conserves water by reducing evaporation and drainage compared to other methods, while precisely applying water to plant roots.
The WaterCredit Initiative applies principles of microfinance to provide small loans to individuals and communities in developing countries for water and sanitation access. Loans are repaid and recycled to help others, as grants alone cannot meet the needs of the nearly 1 billion people lacking safe drinking water. WaterCredit empowers people to address their own water needs on their own timelines in a sustainable way. Early projects in Bangladesh, India, and Kenya have shown encouraging results, with repayments launching second cycles of assistance and communities like Boya in Kenya expanding their projects. Rather than increasing debt burdens, WaterCredit loans can actually reduce monthly water costs for the poor compared to alternatives like private vendors. Going forward, the initiative aims to foster relationships between
Chapter 3 soil water and irrigation practice1Mulugeta Abera
This document summarizes key concepts about soil water and irrigation practices. It discusses how soil serves as a storehouse for water and nutrients that are essential for plant growth. The document then describes the three-phase system of soil consisting of solids, liquids, and gases. It explains how soil texture, structure, and physical properties influence the soil's water holding capacity and retention. Different types of soils like sandy soil, loamy soil, and clay soil are characterized. The concept of bulk density, porosity, and soil moisture content on a mass and volume basis are introduced to quantify the water in soil. Maintaining proper soil water levels through irrigation is important for optimal plant growth and yield.
Climate change will have major impacts on water resources and society. While some impacts like heavier rainfall are more visible, changes like reductions in water supply and quality will also be significant. Vulnerability to climate change is determined by exposure to risks, sensitivity of systems, and adaptive capacity. India faces widespread poverty and many policy and community efforts are needed to build resilience, though many current responses only provide temporary relief. Adaptation is key to reducing the risks of climate change impacts on water and livelihoods.
This document discusses water governance in Ireland and whether it is fit for its purpose. It outlines the extensive work that has been done to map water bodies, identify pollution sources, and develop measures to achieve good water status. However, it notes that achieving water quality goals will require improved coordination between government agencies, adequate funding and resources, and updated legislation. Effective water governance requires cooperation across different levels and sectors of government.
Methodology, challenges and capacity development activities of Tier I Food se...FAO
Methodology, challenges and capacity development activities of Tier I Food security indicators: 2.1.1 ‘‘Prevalence of undernourishment’’ and 2.1.2 ‘‘Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)’
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/afcas/afcas25/en/
This document discusses nutrition in the context of post-2015 development goals. It summarizes the incomplete treatment of nutrition under the Millennium Development Goals and proposes ways to strengthen the inclusion of nutrition in the new Sustainable Development Goals. Key points include expanding the World Health Assembly nutrition targets, including indicators for dietary diversity and political commitment to nutrition, and estimating costs and financing required to meet global nutrition targets through evidence-based interventions.
This document discusses nutrition in the context of post-2015 development goals. It summarizes that nutrition was not adequately addressed in the Millennium Development Goals. The proposed Sustainable Development Goals aim to better incorporate nutrition, including an explicit target to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. However, more work is needed to fully capture the World Health Organization's nutrition targets and ensure political commitment and financing for nutrition. The document outlines a methodology to estimate the costs and financing required to meet the targets through scaling up evidence-based interventions, in order to inform upcoming global discussions on nutrition and development funding.
Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals...FAO
FIRST Webinar #3 - Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals Monitoring Framework
This presentation was prepared for a webinar is organized jointly with the European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, in the framework of the FAO-EU Partnership Programme: Food and Nutrition Security Impact, Resilience, Sustainability and Transformation (FIRST).
SPEAKER:
Mr Carlo Cafiero, Senior Statistician and Economist, FAO Statistics Division
MODERATOR:
Ms Terri Ballard, Food and Nutrition Security Measurement Specialist, FAO Statistics Division
Find out more about FIRST, FAO-EU Partnership Programme: http://www.fao.org/europeanunion/eu-projects/first/en/
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It provides an overview of the MDGs, their targets and achievements. It then outlines the process of developing the SDGs and their 17 goals and 169 targets covering social and economic development issues. The document discusses some health-related targets under SDG 3 (health goal) and strategies to achieve them. It concludes with some critiques of the SDGs for not being ambitious enough, potentially undermining ecological objectives, and being formulated without sufficient input from developing countries.
This document discusses assessing nutritional status and vulnerability at global, national, and local levels. It outlines how anthropometric measurements are used to evaluate nutritional status, especially for children, women, and adults. Key indicators like underweight, stunting, and wasting are defined. Large-scale surveys conducted by international organizations help assess nutrition, health, and living standards. Repeated small-scale surveys and participatory methods also monitor improvements. Identifying vulnerable groups and factors contributing to food insecurity helps design targeted nutrition programs. Options presented include improving livelihoods through credit, irrigation, agriculture, livestock, and ecotourism.
This presentation will be very useful for students who are pursuing Public health, Food and nutrition.
It gives information about History of nutrtion, global, regional and national(Nepal) scenario of nutrition programme.
Climate change adaptation in northern EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Polly Ericksen at the Stakeholders’ Workshop on Enhancing Communities’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
Groundwater Status in India:
- 54% of India's groundwater wells are declining and 21 major cities are expected to run out of groundwater by 2020, impacting over 600 million people with water stress.
- Water quality is poor with approximately 70% contaminated, placing India 120th out of 122 countries on water quality. Key contaminants affecting many districts include fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, and heavy metals.
- While per capita water availability has declined from 5,177 cubic meters per year in 1951 to 1,869 cubic meters in 2011, groundwater irrigation has increased, now supplying over 60% of irrigation nationwide. However, widespread overexploitation and poor management threaten groundwater sustainability.
Books list for Preparation of ICAR- ARS/NET/IARI-Ph.D/SRF in Soil and Water C...Pawan Jeet
This document lists recommended books for preparation for ICAR-JRF/NET/ARS/SRF examinations in various topics related to soil and water conservation engineering, land and water management engineering, hydrology, irrigation, drainage, watershed development and management, wells and pumps, groundwater hydrology, fluid mechanics, objectives in soil and water conservation engineering, and numerical practices. Key reference books mentioned include Engineering Hydrology and Hydrology: Principles, Analysis and Design for hydrology, Soil and Water Conservation Engineering and Land and Water Management Engineering for soil and water conservation, Irrigation Theory and Practice and Land and Water Management Engineering for irrigation, and Land and Water Management Engineering and Handbook of Agri. Engineering for drainage.
Introduction with weirs flumes and orificesAKHIL BHARTI
This document discusses different types of flumes, weirs, and orifices used to measure water flow. It describes flumes as man-made channels for water in the form of open declined gravity channels. It lists different types of flumes including H-type, HS-type, HL-type, and Parshall flume. Weirs are described as barriers across rivers designed to alter flow characteristics by pooling water while allowing steady flow over the top. Common types of weirs include rectangular, triangular, and Cipolletti weirs. Orifices are defined as small openings in structures across channels, typically circular or rectangular, that can be free-flowing or submerged.
Martien van Nieuwkoop
CGIAR SEMINAR SERIES
Food Security Trends and Resilience-Building Priorities
Co-organized by IFPRI, the CGIAR, and Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
SEP 1, 2023 - 9:00 TO 10:30AM EDT
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) – an overview of the basicsBushveld Energy
Presentation by Bushveld Energy on the basics of energy storage, specifically large scale batteries at the 6th Annual Africa Power Roundtable, hosted by Webber Wentzel in Sandton, South Africa on 10 April 2018.
This presentation discusses drip irrigation, including what it is, why it should be used, its components and typical layout. Drip irrigation saves water and fertilizer by slowly dripping it to plant roots through a network of pipes, tubing and emitters. It has advantages like less water use, optimized water levels and reduced disease, though it has high initial costs and maintenance challenges. In conclusion, drip irrigation conserves water by reducing evaporation and drainage compared to other methods, while precisely applying water to plant roots.
The WaterCredit Initiative applies principles of microfinance to provide small loans to individuals and communities in developing countries for water and sanitation access. Loans are repaid and recycled to help others, as grants alone cannot meet the needs of the nearly 1 billion people lacking safe drinking water. WaterCredit empowers people to address their own water needs on their own timelines in a sustainable way. Early projects in Bangladesh, India, and Kenya have shown encouraging results, with repayments launching second cycles of assistance and communities like Boya in Kenya expanding their projects. Rather than increasing debt burdens, WaterCredit loans can actually reduce monthly water costs for the poor compared to alternatives like private vendors. Going forward, the initiative aims to foster relationships between
Chapter 3 soil water and irrigation practice1Mulugeta Abera
This document summarizes key concepts about soil water and irrigation practices. It discusses how soil serves as a storehouse for water and nutrients that are essential for plant growth. The document then describes the three-phase system of soil consisting of solids, liquids, and gases. It explains how soil texture, structure, and physical properties influence the soil's water holding capacity and retention. Different types of soils like sandy soil, loamy soil, and clay soil are characterized. The concept of bulk density, porosity, and soil moisture content on a mass and volume basis are introduced to quantify the water in soil. Maintaining proper soil water levels through irrigation is important for optimal plant growth and yield.
Climate change will have major impacts on water resources and society. While some impacts like heavier rainfall are more visible, changes like reductions in water supply and quality will also be significant. Vulnerability to climate change is determined by exposure to risks, sensitivity of systems, and adaptive capacity. India faces widespread poverty and many policy and community efforts are needed to build resilience, though many current responses only provide temporary relief. Adaptation is key to reducing the risks of climate change impacts on water and livelihoods.
This document discusses water governance in Ireland and whether it is fit for its purpose. It outlines the extensive work that has been done to map water bodies, identify pollution sources, and develop measures to achieve good water status. However, it notes that achieving water quality goals will require improved coordination between government agencies, adequate funding and resources, and updated legislation. Effective water governance requires cooperation across different levels and sectors of government.
Methodology, challenges and capacity development activities of Tier I Food se...FAO
Methodology, challenges and capacity development activities of Tier I Food security indicators: 2.1.1 ‘‘Prevalence of undernourishment’’ and 2.1.2 ‘‘Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)’
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/afcas/afcas25/en/
This document discusses nutrition in the context of post-2015 development goals. It summarizes the incomplete treatment of nutrition under the Millennium Development Goals and proposes ways to strengthen the inclusion of nutrition in the new Sustainable Development Goals. Key points include expanding the World Health Assembly nutrition targets, including indicators for dietary diversity and political commitment to nutrition, and estimating costs and financing required to meet global nutrition targets through evidence-based interventions.
This document discusses nutrition in the context of post-2015 development goals. It summarizes that nutrition was not adequately addressed in the Millennium Development Goals. The proposed Sustainable Development Goals aim to better incorporate nutrition, including an explicit target to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. However, more work is needed to fully capture the World Health Organization's nutrition targets and ensure political commitment and financing for nutrition. The document outlines a methodology to estimate the costs and financing required to meet the targets through scaling up evidence-based interventions, in order to inform upcoming global discussions on nutrition and development funding.
Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals...FAO
FIRST Webinar #3 - Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals Monitoring Framework
This presentation was prepared for a webinar is organized jointly with the European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, in the framework of the FAO-EU Partnership Programme: Food and Nutrition Security Impact, Resilience, Sustainability and Transformation (FIRST).
SPEAKER:
Mr Carlo Cafiero, Senior Statistician and Economist, FAO Statistics Division
MODERATOR:
Ms Terri Ballard, Food and Nutrition Security Measurement Specialist, FAO Statistics Division
Find out more about FIRST, FAO-EU Partnership Programme: http://www.fao.org/europeanunion/eu-projects/first/en/
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It provides an overview of the MDGs, their targets and achievements. It then outlines the process of developing the SDGs and their 17 goals and 169 targets covering social and economic development issues. The document discusses some health-related targets under SDG 3 (health goal) and strategies to achieve them. It concludes with some critiques of the SDGs for not being ambitious enough, potentially undermining ecological objectives, and being formulated without sufficient input from developing countries.
This document discusses assessing nutritional status and vulnerability at global, national, and local levels. It outlines how anthropometric measurements are used to evaluate nutritional status, especially for children, women, and adults. Key indicators like underweight, stunting, and wasting are defined. Large-scale surveys conducted by international organizations help assess nutrition, health, and living standards. Repeated small-scale surveys and participatory methods also monitor improvements. Identifying vulnerable groups and factors contributing to food insecurity helps design targeted nutrition programs. Options presented include improving livelihoods through credit, irrigation, agriculture, livestock, and ecotourism.
This presentation will be very useful for students who are pursuing Public health, Food and nutrition.
It gives information about History of nutrtion, global, regional and national(Nepal) scenario of nutrition programme.
The document summarizes a presentation on the Millennium Development Goals given by Dr. G. Hari Prakash. It discusses the eight MDGs related to poverty, education, gender equality, child and maternal health, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, environmental sustainability, and global partnerships. It provides updates on India's progress in achieving the health-related targets of reducing poverty, hunger, child mortality, and maternal mortality. While most targets have been achieved or are in progress, some states still face challenges in improving maternal and child health indicators. The key drivers in achieving the targets included economic growth, investment in social sectors, effective implementation of programs, and infrastructure development.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document outlines the history and goals of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It discusses the 8 goals, 18 targets, and 60 indicators established by the UN. It provides an overview of progress on the MDGs in South Asia, noting achievements in reducing poverty, improving education and health. However, it also notes areas still lagging like empowering women in Afghanistan and Pakistan. For Pakistan specifically, it analyzes progress against each goal and indicators, finding that only 2 targets have been achieved so far. Barriers to progress are identified as both internal challenges like low growth, and external factors like natural disasters. Localization and community involvement are emphasized as important for accelerating progress.
World hunger is increasing, with the number of hungry people rising by 10 million in the last year and nearly 60 million in the past five years. The world is not on track to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to increase the number of undernourished people by as many as 132 million this year alone. Unhealthy and expensive diets are associated with rising food insecurity and forms of malnutrition like stunting, overweight, and obesity. Food systems must be transformed to make nutritious foods more affordable and reduce costs so that healthy diets are accessible to all people worldwide.
This document discusses including sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition in the post-2015 development framework. It argues that a comprehensive approach is needed to address these interrelated issues and eliminate hunger and poverty. Specifically, it recommends a goal with targets and indicators that: 1) measure progress on eradicating hunger; 2) measure sustainable food production, productivity, consumption, and systems focusing on smallholder farmers including women; and 3) measure improved nutrition outcomes. This integrated approach recognizes the linkages between agriculture, food systems, nutrition and development outcomes and is needed to sustainably address extreme poverty and hunger.
Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition in the Post-2015 FrameworkDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses including sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition in the Post-2015 development framework. It argues that a comprehensive approach is needed to address these interlinked issues and eliminate hunger and poverty. The document proposes a goal with six targets and related indicators to measure progress in: 1) eliminating hunger, 2) increasing sustainable agricultural productivity, 3) improving environmental sustainability of agriculture, 4) increasing opportunities for smallholder farmers, 5) developing more sustainable food systems, and 6) promoting nutrition security and reducing stunting. The targets and indicators are designed to be ambitious but measurable and applicable globally to track progress towards ensuring food security, good nutrition, and sustainable development by 2030.
Comments - SDG on Agriculture, Food and Nutrition (Cassia Moraes)Cassia Moraes
As a result of the Rio+20 Outcome Document, the Open Working Group (OWG) on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is preparing a proposal on SDGs for consideration by the General Assembly at its 68th session (September 2013 – September 2014). The group is still defining its focus areas, and one of the issues addressed by the SDGs will be “Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition” (OWG 2014). In addition to the official meetings of member-states at the OWG, several organizations have also been proposing thematic areas, targets and indicators for the SDGs. In this essay, I will briefly discuss three proposals for a post-2015 agenda on agriculture, food and nutrition, highlighting their similarities and differences, as well possible improvements. I will also compare them with the latest compilation of Goals and Targets Suggestions from OWG-10. Finally, I will present my own recommendations for a Sustainable Development Goal for this topic, building on the strengths of all previous proposals.
India is the second rank in population and developing in the world. It leads to other countries by own Scio-economic, cultural way. Any country health affects growth in their average expectancy and various socioeconomic indicators like Human Development Index, Multidimensional Poverty Index, and Gross Domestic Product per capita other way reducing the burden of disease. Children, pregnant and lactating women are the most affected with a reduction in cognitive and physical growth and prone to unhealthy which directly affect the productivity of the country. After independence in Indian constitute have a provision in part -IV (Article -45, 47) development of nutritional strategies and intervention in the five-year plans. Hence Government has devised several nutrition programmes like National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, National Goitre Control Programme, National, Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, Midday Meal Programme, Applied nutrition Programme, Akshaya Patra Program. The activities in each program have been seen and its impact assessed by various evaluation programs and it was found that these programmes helped the nation. They helped to provide the proper nutrition to the children and women. The implementation of these principles, together with intensification of public health and primary care services, offers an approach to ensure more equitable health care for India’s population. Keywords: India, nutritional programs, Article-45, 47
Mannan 6b anthropometricand nutritional status indicatorsSizwan Ahammed
The document summarizes concepts and measurement of nutrition status. It discusses various indicators used to assess malnutrition including anthropometric measurements like stunting, wasting, underweight; BMI; and biochemical indicators of micronutrient deficiencies. Stunting, wasting and underweight are defined based on height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age z-scores. Mid-upper arm circumference is also used. The most common micronutrient deficiencies are vitamin A, iodine and iron which are measured using biochemical indicators like serum retinol, urinary iodine and serum ferritin levels respectively.
A tremendous increase in the coexistence of diabetes and hypertension has been observed recently in India. Apart from lifestyle and genetic factors, socioeconomic status, age, gender, occupation and lack of awareness are also contributing to the tremendous increases in the prevalence of both the diseases. Hypertension has been long recognised as one of the major risk factors for chronic disease burden, morbidity and mortality in India, attributable to 10.8 of all deaths in the country. Even though microvascular complications are frequently linked to hyperglycaemia, studies have also proven the critical involvement of hypertension in the development of these co morbidities. The co occurrence of hypertension in diabetic patients considerably escalates the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. The annual expenditure for diabetes for the Indian population was estimated to be 1541.4 billion INR 31.9 billion in 2010. The expense of diabetes care further escalates in the presence of complications or co morbidities. Generally, a diabetic patient with hypertension spent an average of 1.4 times extra than a diabetic patient without hypertension. Even though diabetes and hypertension are considered as important risk factors for cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases, the awareness about the prevention, treatment and control of these diseases remains alarmingly low in the developing countries like India. The healthcare system in India should focus on better hypertension screening and control, especially in diabetic patients, to minimise the burden of the dual epidemic.India, with one of the largest and most diverse populations of people living with diabetes, experiences significant barriers in successful diabetes care. Limitations in appropriate and timely use of insulin impede the achievement of good glycemic control. The current article aims to identify solutions to barriers in the effective use of insulin therapy viz. its efficacy and safety, impact on convenience and life style and lack of awareness and education. Therapeutic modalities, which avoid placing an undue burden on patients life style, must be built. These should incorporate patient centric paradigms of diabetes care, team based approach for life style modification and monitoring of patients adherence to therapy. To address the issues in efficacy and safety, long acting, flat profile basal insulin, which mimics physiological insulin and show fewer hypoglycemic events is needed. In addition, therapy must be linked to monitoring of blood glucose to enable effective use of insulin therapy. In conjunction, wide ranging efforts must be made to remove negative perception of insulin therapy in the community. Patient and physician targeted programs to enhance awareness in various aspects of diabetes care must be initiated across all levels of health care ensuring uniformity of information. To successfully address the challenges in facing diabetes care, partnerships
This document analyzes dietary patterns, diabetes rates, and overweight/obesity prevalence across regions in Italy from 1961-2013. It finds that mortality rates for diabetes and rates of overweight/obesity increased continuously across Italy and varied between regions, with the highest rates in southern Italy and the islands. Consumption of wheat and legumes decreased while consumption of animal products, vegetable oils, sugar, and packaged/processed foods increased. Food prices for sweets and sugary drinks decreased. Changes in dietary patterns towards more animal products and processed foods correlated with rising rates of diabetes and obesity in Italy.
Similar to Measuring dietary outcomes with the MDD-W indicator (20)
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Measuring dietary outcomes with the MDD-W indicator
1. Measuring dietary outcomes with the MDD-W
indicator
Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: The Status and the
Opportunities
Estefania Custodio, PhD, Scientific Officer, European Commission | November 30th of 2018, Bangkok
FAO-EU workshop, Bangkok 27-28th November 2018
3. Measuring diet and the SDGs
Poor dietary habits have been consistently identified as one of
the leading risk factors for ill health and mortality globally over
the last 30 years.
In 2017 poor diets were associated with nearly 1 in 5 of all
deaths*.
Yet, diet quality is not reflected in any of the SDG indicators
*The Lancet, volume 392, issue 10159, November 10, 2018
4. Measuring diet- Dietary diversity indicators
"Gold standard" methods for dietary data collection require
exceptionally resource intensive data collection,
processing and analysis and results have commonly been
under-used.
Result of a rising demand for simple indicators to reflect
at least some aspects of diet quality
Dietary diversity indicators have undergone thorough
studies to have a nutrition meaning
6. The minimum dietary diversity for women of
reproductive age– MDD-W
The proportion of women 15-49 years of age who consumed food items
from at least five out of ten defined food groups the previous day or night
1. Grains, white roots and tubers, and plantains
2. Pulses (beans, peas and lentils)
3. Nuts and seeds
4. Dairy
5. Meat, poultry and fish
6. Meat, poultry and fish
7. Eggs
8. Dark green leafy vegetables
9. Other vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables
10. Other fruits
8. MDD-W and SDG-2
Target 2.1: By 2030, end
hunger and ensure access
by all people, in particular
the poor and people in
vulnerable situations,
including infants, to safe,
nutritious and sufficient
food all year round.
Target 2.2:By 2030, end all
forms of malnutrition, including
achieving, by 2025, the
internationally agreed targets on
stunting and wasting in children
under 5 years of age, and
address the
nutritional needs of
adolescent girls,
pregnant and
lactating women and
older persons
9. MDD-W and SDG-2
Target 2.2:By 2030, end all
forms of malnutrition, including
achieving, by 2025, the
internationally agreed targets on
stunting and wasting in
children under 5 years of
age, and address the nutritional
needs of adolescent girls,
pregnant and lactating women
and older persons.
10. MDD-W is not perfect
Reflects only one dimension of diet quality
Does not reflect the quantities of nutritious foods consumed
or other dimensions like moderation or balance/quality of
macronutrients
Is not appropriate for individual screening
Should not be used as basis for dietary guidelines or
communication messages
Not single indicator is sufficient for everything
11. MDD-W: The opportunities
Can be used for assessments of diet quality at national and
subnational levels in resource poor settings
Suitable for integration into large-scale surveys
Can be compared with previous assessments, so long as
survey timing accounts for seasonality and same baseline and
end line surveys are used
It can fill the gap of a food-based indicator for use in target
setting, advocacy and impact evaluation of nutrition sensitive
actions
Can inform on effective policy and improving diets and nutrition
of women of reproductive age.
12. Where is MDD-W data collected?
National (10)
Impact
Evaluation (21*)
Data collection
planned (30)
*Ethiopia & Zambia are under national surveys
13. Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: The Status and the
Opportunities
FAO-EU workshop, Bangkok 27-28th November 2018
Maria Antonia Tuazon and Alexandra Tung, Nutrition and Food Systems Division, FAO
Francois Kayitakire, Joint Research Centre, EU and all participants of the workshop
Thank you