The document summarizes a presentation on the Millennium Development Goals given by Dr. G. Hari Prakash. It discusses the eight MDGs related to poverty, education, gender equality, child and maternal health, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, environmental sustainability, and global partnerships. It provides updates on India's progress in achieving the health-related targets of reducing poverty, hunger, child mortality, and maternal mortality. While most targets have been achieved or are in progress, some states still face challenges in improving maternal and child health indicators. The key drivers in achieving the targets included economic growth, investment in social sectors, effective implementation of programs, and infrastructure development.
all the millennium development goals adopted by general assembly of United Nations are being described here with the focus areas and how far India is able to accomplish these goals individually.
all the millennium development goals adopted by general assembly of United Nations are being described here with the focus areas and how far India is able to accomplish these goals individually.
School health is part of nursing care for the community care provider. To monitor the school students health conditions and health education to students and teachers.
Fulll chapter of national diarroheal control programme in nepalMonikaRijal1
National diarroheal control programme in nepal , presented and prepared this information was taken on 2076/77 and will be valid untill the next update of NDHS comes out, this is useful for bachleor level, community Health Nursing
School health is part of nursing care for the community care provider. To monitor the school students health conditions and health education to students and teachers.
Fulll chapter of national diarroheal control programme in nepalMonikaRijal1
National diarroheal control programme in nepal , presented and prepared this information was taken on 2076/77 and will be valid untill the next update of NDHS comes out, this is useful for bachleor level, community Health Nursing
Progress, Challenges and Opportunities for Vaccines to Reduce Under-5 Childho...Sara Berlanda
In this slideset, Professor Shabir Madhi, WAidid board member, analyses the trends in global and sub-Saharan Africa under-5 childhood mortality, to then demonstrate the contribution of new childhood vaccines in reducing under-5/neonatal morbidity and mortality by vaccination.
To learn more, visit www.waidid.org!
UN SDG # 3 : Good Health and Well being
The goal III, aims to address all the major health priorities with regard to child and maternal health, end of communicable diseases, reducing the number of non-communicable diseases cases, ease of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines and ensure universal health coverage (UHC), to help build productive and resilient communities. Despite making rapid strides in improving the health and well being through innovation, new drug discoveries and R&D, health care inequality does persist over access. Earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from 2000-2015, focussed on specific health conditions of maternal and child health, communicable diseases viz; HIV/AIDS, other diseases like Tuberculosis, vector borne diseases like Malaria. What MDGs lacked was focus with regard to entire health system and how they cater to health services for overall health and wellbeing. SDGs 2030 agenda from 2015-2030 , has set the target towards focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which includes access to health services and with financial risk protection.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
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Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
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Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
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Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
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Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
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How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdf
Millenium development goals
1. PRESENTATION ON
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Presented BY
DR.G.HARI PRAKASH
MPH 1st year
SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
DEPARTMENT OF
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE
MYSURU.
6/30/2020 1
MODERATOR
DR.PRAVEEN KULKARNI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE
MYSURU.
2. Plan of presentation
1. Introduction.
2. MDGs.
3. Achievements in Health related MDG.
4. MDGs to SDGs.
5. Main Key drivers in achieving the Targets
6. References.
6/30/2020 2
3. INTRODUCTION
In September 2000 the UN General Assembly adopted the Millennium declarations, establishing a global
partnership of countries & development partners committed to 8 voluntary development goals to be achieved
by 2015.
• The MDGs helped in bringing out a much needed focus and pressure on basic development issues, which in
turn led the governments at national and sub national levels to do better planning and implement more
intensive policies and programs.
• The MDGs consisted of eight goals, and these eight goals addressed multiple development issues.
6/30/2020 3
4. Representing ambitious moral and practical commitments, the
MDG’s called for the action to
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
2. Achieve universal primary education.
3. Promote gender equality and empower women.
4. Reduce child mortality.
5. Improve maternal mortality.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
7. Ensure environmental Sustainability.
8. Develop a global partnership for development.
6/30/2020 4
5. Targets and Indicators:
• Eighteen (18) targets were set as quantitative benchmarks for
attaining the MDGs.
• The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) in 2003 provided a
framework of 53 indicators which are categorized according to
targets, for measuring the progress towards individual targets.
• Inter-Agency and Expert Group (IAEG) has revised framework on
MDGs came into effect in 2008 has 8 goals, 21 targets and 60
indicators.
• 3 of 8 MDGs are focused on health, while health is also a component
of several other MDG’s- Nutrition, Water & sanitation.
6/30/2020 5
6. HEALTH IN MDG ACHIEVEMENTS
1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER.
2 targets and 4 indicators.
6/30/2020 6
7. TARGET 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of
people whose income is less than one dollar a day.
1. Indicator 1A: Poverty Headcount Ratio (percentage of
population below the national poverty line).
2. Indicator 2: Poverty Gap Ratio.
3. Indicator 3: Share of poorest quintile in national consumption
TARGET 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of
people who suffer from hunger.
4. Indicator 4: Prevalence of underweight children under
three years of age.
6/30/2020 7
8. The Poverty Head Count Ratio (PHCR) is the proportion of population whose
per-capita income/consumer expenditure is below the official thresholds i.e,
‘Poverty Line’ set by the National Government.
• The latest official poverty estimates are available for 2011-12.
Thus a family of 5 the all India poverty line in terms of consumption expenditure
is
6/30/2020 8
Per Capita Income/month
URBAN AREA
RURAL AREA
Rs1000/
Rs816/
• Rs4080/monthRural
• Rs5000/monthUrban
9. TARGET 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose
income is less than one dollar a day
Proportion of population below poverty
line
21.92% (2011-12)
Poverty Gap Ratio Rural: 5.05 , Urban: 2.7 (2011-12)
Share of poorest quintile in national
consumption (URP method)
Rural: 9.1, Urban: 7.1 (2011-12)
25%(1991)
6/30/2020 9
TARGET 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who
suffer from hunger:
Proportion of under weight children of below 3 years - 33.7% (2015-16)
53.4%(1990)
Status: Achieved
10. Source: National Family Health survey, M/o Health & Family Welfare
• Himachal Pradesh
• TripuraVery close
to MDG
target
• Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh, Bihar,
• Haryana, Meghalaya,
Rajasthan, Gujarat
and Uttar Pradesh.
Too low
states
6/30/2020 10
Status: In progress
11. GOAL4- REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
6/30/2020 11
TARGET 5 : Reduce by two-thirds,
between 1990 and 2015, the Under-
Five Morality Rate
Indicator: Under- Five Mortality Rate
The Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) is
the probability (expressed as a rate per
1,000
live births) of a child born in a specified
year dying before reaching the age of five
if subject
to current age-specific mortality rates.
Majority of the under five deaths are
neonatal
deaths which are mainly due to
complications and infections happened
during birth.
Status: Nearly achieved
12. Deaths among Pregnant women, children and adolescents that
are preventable
1/3rd of global burden of Premature Mortality.
• MMR in Developing countries(19times higher) > Developed
countries.
• Children in developing countries are 8 times more likely to die
before they reach 5 years of age.
Under-5 mortality rate:
6/30/2020 12
112.5
47.7
0
50
100
150
1990 2015
Under 5 mortality Rate
Under 5MR
13. 80
38
34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1990 2015 2016
Infant Mortality Rate
IMR
32.7
83
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1990 2017
Proportion(%) of 1 year old children
immunized for Measles
% of children immunised for Measeles
6/30/2020 13
Source: Park’s Textbook of Preventive and social Medicine-25th edition: Health related MDGs
in India.
15. Source: National Family Health Survey, M/o Health and Family Welfare
The least developing countries
continue to face the greatest
challenges in improving
maternal and child health are
poor coverage & quality of
health care services and public
health interventions,
inadequate water & sanitation,
poor infrastructures, low food
security & limited education
and economic opportunity.
6/30/2020 15
16. Goal5-IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
6/30/2020 16
TARGET 6: Reduce by three
quarters, between 1990 and 2015,
the Maternal
Mortality Rate.
The Maternal Mortality Ratio is the number of women who die from any cause related
to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental
causes) during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy,
irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, per 100,000 live births.
Indicator: Maternal Mortality Ratio
Status: In progress
17. • MMR is the second leading cause of death among women aged 15-49 years
after HIV.
• Globally women faces 1/180 lifetime risk of dying due to maternal causes-
hemorrhage, hypertensive disorder, sepsis and abortion.
MDG-5B: Target of achieving access to universal reproductive health was only
added in year 2007.
It includes:
1. Adolescent birth rate.
2. Antenatal care visits
3. Contraceptive prevalence rates.
4. Unmet need for family planning
6/30/2020 17
Improvement in these areas
leads to decreases maternal
mortality
18. Source: M/o Health and Family Welfare
Source: Sample Registration System, Office of Registrar
General of India
6/30/2020 18
19. 420
167
0
200
400
600
1990 2015
MMR
MMR
0
55
84
0
20
40
60
80
100
1990 2010 2016
Proportion of births attend by skilled
personal
birth attend by skilled personal
Adolescelent birth rate
1990-NA
2010-2015- 31.5%
Antenatal care coverage
1990-NA
2010-2015- 50
Unmet need for family
planning
1990-NA
2006-2013- 21%
6/30/2020 19
Source: Park’s Textbook of Preventive and social Medicine-25th edition: Health related MDGs
in India.
21. • New HIV infection was decreased by 40% between 2000-2014
estimated 3.5million cases to 2.1 million by 2014.
800000
14.9million
ART averted 7.6million deaths b/w 1995-20036/30/2020 21
ART
receiving
patients
Status: Achieved
22. • HIV prevalence among young adults:
15-24yrs(%)- 1990-NA.
15-49Yrs(%)- 2012(M)- 0.1
2012(F)- 0.1
Malaria: 6.2million deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015,
primarily under 5 years of age in sub Saharan Africa.
Global malaria incidence-37%
Mortality – 58%.
Use of ITN in 2000- 2%
2015- 68%
6/30/2020 22
23. Prevalence and death rates associated with Tuberculosis:
India accounts for one fourth of the global TB burden. In 2015, an estimated 28
lakh cases occurred and 4.8 lakh people died due to TB. As per the WHO Global TB
report, the TB burden of India vis –a –vis global is as follows
Estimates of TB burden
2015
Global India
Incidence of TB cases 104 lakh 28 lakh
Mortality of TB 14 lakh 4.8 lakh
Incidence HIV TB 11.7 lakh 1.1 lakh
Mortality of HIV TB 3.9 lakh 37,000
MDR -TB 4.8 lakh 1.3 lakh
Source: TB India 2017
6/30/2020 23
24. NOTIFIED TB CASES
INCREASE BY 16%
6/30/2020 24
On the Decline: A/c to
WHO 2019 edition of
Global TB Report
2017 2018
Total TB Incidence 27.4lak 26.9lak
TB Incidence per 100,000 popln 204 199
%of cases tested for rifampicin
resistance among new pts
32% 46%
%of cases tested for rifampicin
resistance among previously
treated pts
91% 82%
In India 2.69M cases
emerging in 2018,
2.15M cases were
reported to GOI and
540,000 pts were
unreported
25. TARGET 9: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies
and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources
The world has now met the target relating to access safe drinking water.
Proportion of population(%) using biomass fuels -1990 – NA.
2013 – 64%
6/30/2020 25
STATUS: Inprogress
26. • Target-10: Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable
access to safe drinking water.
proportion of population(%) without sustainable access to safe
drinking water in Rural areas = 1990 – 61%
2011 – 87%
Urban areas = 1990 – 88%
2012 – 93%
Target-11: By 2020 to have achieved a significant improvement in the
lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.
Proportion of urban population with access to improved
sanitation
1990 – 44%
2011 – 60%
6/30/2020 26
27. Source: NFHS -4 (2015-16), M/o Health and Family Welfare
6/30/2020 27
28. TARGET 18 : In cooperation with the private sector, make
available the benefits of new technologies, especially
information and communications.
Proportion of population access to affordable essential
drugs on an sustainable basis
1990 – NA
1997 - 80
• It is generally agreed that MDG’s have been a success, more influential and achieved under public recognition.
• There are several targets where progress has been limited and there remains unfinished agenda to complete work
on health MDGs. These unfinished agenda is reflected in the SDGs.
6/30/2020 28
STATUS: Achieved
30. Main Key drivers in achieving the Targets
1. Broad-based and employment-creating economic growth.
2. Adequate allocation of resources towards the social sectors and
basic services.
3. Strong design and effective implementation of MDG related
programs.
4. Creating basic infrastructure for better access and delivery of MDG
related services.
5. Women’s empowerment
6/30/2020 30
31. References
1. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and social Medicine-25th edition.
2. Millennium Development Goals -Final Country Report of
India.2018
3. Sample Registration system , Office of Registrar General of India.
4. NFHS -4 (2015-16), M/o Health and Family Welfare.
5. TB India 2017.
6. Directorate of National Vector Born Diseases Control Programme.
7. United Nations Country Team – India; India and the MDGs Report
2015; : Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by
India: Key Drivers
6/30/2020 31