This presentation discusses drip irrigation, including what it is, why it should be used, its components and typical layout. Drip irrigation saves water and fertilizer by slowly dripping it to plant roots through a network of pipes, tubing and emitters. It has advantages like less water use, optimized water levels and reduced disease, though it has high initial costs and maintenance challenges. In conclusion, drip irrigation conserves water by reducing evaporation and drainage compared to other methods, while precisely applying water to plant roots.

1. A PRESENTATIONA PRESENTATION
ONON
DRIP IRRIGATIONDRIP IRRIGATION
PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY
HEMANTA PATHAK (GAU-C-13/015)HEMANTA PATHAK (GAU-C-13/015)
PRANAB KUMAR DAS (GAU-C-13/126)PRANAB KUMAR DAS (GAU-C-13/126)
RUPAM GAYAN (GAU-C-13/140)RUPAM GAYAN (GAU-C-13/140)
ABINASH BAISHYA (GAU-C-13/142)ABINASH BAISHYA (GAU-C-13/142)

2. CONTENTSCONTENTS
 INTRODUTIONINTRODUTION
 WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION ?WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION ?
 WHY SHOULD WE USE DRIP IRRIGATIONWHY SHOULD WE USE DRIP IRRIGATION
 COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMCOMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
 TYPICAL LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATIONTYPICAL LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION
SYSTEMSYSTEM
 ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 Definition-IrrigationDefinition-Irrigation
Irrigation can be defined as the process of artificiallyIrrigation can be defined as the process of artificially
supplying and systematically dividing of water forsupplying and systematically dividing of water for
agriculture and horticulture. It is actually the artificialagriculture and horticulture. It is actually the artificial
application of water to overcome the deficiencies inapplication of water to overcome the deficiencies in
rainfall for growing crops.rainfall for growing crops.
 NecessityNecessity
1.Less rainfall1.Less rainfall
2.Non-uniform rainfall2.Non-uniform rainfall
3.Growing a number of crops during a year3.Growing a number of crops during a year
4.Growing perennial crops4.Growing perennial crops
5.Commercial crops with additional water5.Commercial crops with additional water
6.Controlled water supply6.Controlled water supply

4.  Methods of irrigationMethods of irrigation
1.Surface irrigation1.Surface irrigation
2.Sub-surface irrigation2.Sub-surface irrigation
3.Sprinkler method3.Sprinkler method
4.Drip irrigation4.Drip irrigation
 Sources of irrigationSources of irrigation
1.Surface water1.Surface water
Such as in streams, rivers, and lakes. chief source of waterSuch as in streams, rivers, and lakes. chief source of water
used for irrigation.used for irrigation.
2.Ground water2.Ground water
Stored beneath the earth’s surface in spaces between rocks,Stored beneath the earth’s surface in spaces between rocks,
grains of sand, and other substances in soilgrains of sand, and other substances in soil..
3.Other sources3.Other sources
Farmers use water from sewage treatment plants.Farmers use water from sewage treatment plants.

5. WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION?WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION?
Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation orDrip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation or
micro-irrigation ,is an irrigation method that savesmicro-irrigation ,is an irrigation method that saves
water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowlywater and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly
to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface orto the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or
directly onto the root zone, through a network ofdirectly onto the root zone, through a network of
valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done throughvalves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through
narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base ofnarrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of
the plant.the plant.

6. WHY SHOULD WE USE DRIPWHY SHOULD WE USE DRIP
IRRIGATION?IRRIGATION?
Drip irrigation can be a great aid to the efficient use ofDrip irrigation can be a great aid to the efficient use of
water. A well designed drip irrigation system will losewater. A well designed drip irrigation system will lose
practically no water to runoff, deep percolation orpractically no water to runoff, deep percolation or
evaporation. Irrigation scheduling can be preciselyevaporation. Irrigation scheduling can be precisely
managed to meet crop demands, holding the promisemanaged to meet crop demands, holding the promise
of increased crop yields and quality. Drip irrigationof increased crop yields and quality. Drip irrigation
decreases water contact with crop leaves, stems, anddecreases water contact with crop leaves, stems, and
fruits. Thus conditions may be less favorable for thefruits. Thus conditions may be less favorable for the
onset of diseases. Agricultural chemicals can be usedonset of diseases. Agricultural chemicals can be used
more efficiently with drip irrigation. Since only themore efficiently with drip irrigation. Since only the
crop root zone is irrigated, nitrogen already in the soilcrop root zone is irrigated, nitrogen already in the soil
is less subjected to leaching losses. Fertilizer that to beis less subjected to leaching losses. Fertilizer that to be
added to plants can be used more efficiently.added to plants can be used more efficiently.

7. DRIP IRRIGATION IS USEFULDRIP IRRIGATION IS USEFUL
FOR CROPS…FOR CROPS…
 FRUIT CROPSFRUIT CROPS
Banana,pomegranate,Grapes,Citrus,pineapple,watermelon,mango,Banana,pomegranate,Grapes,Citrus,pineapple,watermelon,mango,
etc.etc.
 VEGETABLE CROPSVEGETABLE CROPS
Cabbage,Cauliflower,Okra,Potato,Onion,Chillis,Radish,Brinjal,Cabbage,Cauliflower,Okra,Potato,Onion,Chillis,Radish,Brinjal,
Bottle grown, French been, Capsicum, Bhindi, Beans, BabyBottle grown, French been, Capsicum, Bhindi, Beans, Baby
corn,Carrots,Cucumber, Ashgourd, Gherkins.corn,Carrots,Cucumber, Ashgourd, Gherkins.
 COMMERCIAL CROPCOMMERCIAL CROP
Sugarcane, Cotton, Grountd nut, Chickpea.Sugarcane, Cotton, Grountd nut, Chickpea.

8. COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATIONCOMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION
SYSTEMSYSTEM
The main components of a typical drip irrigation systems are:The main components of a typical drip irrigation systems are:
1.1. AA pumppump to lift water.to lift water.
2.2. AA head tankhead tank to store the water and to maintain a pressureto store the water and to maintain a pressure
head of 5 to 7 m.head of 5 to 7 m.
3.3. Central distribution systemCentral distribution system which filters the water,which filters the water,
adds nutrients and regulates the pressure and amount ofadds nutrients and regulates the pressure and amount of
water to be applied.water to be applied.
4.4. Mains and secondaryMains and secondary lineslines made of polyethylene,PVC,made of polyethylene,PVC,
or a alkathyelene material. Diameter of the piping mayor a alkathyelene material. Diameter of the piping may
vary from 20 mm to 40 mm.A water meter is fixed at thevary from 20 mm to 40 mm.A water meter is fixed at the
beginning of the mains.beginning of the mains.

9. 5. Trickle lines5. Trickle lines consisting of 10 to 20 mm diameter. PVCconsisting of 10 to 20 mm diameter. PVC
pipes with perforations at a distance equal to the spacingpipes with perforations at a distance equal to the spacing
of the crops.of the crops.
6. Plastic nozzles or emitters6. Plastic nozzles or emitters having perforations attachedhaving perforations attached
to the trickle line. The perforations are so designed thatto the trickle line. The perforations are so designed that
water leaves nozzle at a very slow rate,usually rangingwater leaves nozzle at a very slow rate,usually ranging
betwwen 2 to 10 litres per hour,depending upon thebetwwen 2 to 10 litres per hour,depending upon the
irrigation requirements of cropsirrigation requirements of crops

10. TYPICAL DRIP SYSTEMTYPICAL DRIP SYSTEM
LAYOUTLAYOUT

11. ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
1. Less requirement of irrigation water.1. Less requirement of irrigation water.
2. Water supply at optimum level.2. Water supply at optimum level.
3. High yield.3. High yield.
4. Reduced labour cost.4. Reduced labour cost.
5. No soil erosion.5. No soil erosion.
6. Suitable for any topography.6. Suitable for any topography.

12. DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
1. High initial cost.1. High initial cost.
2. Danger of blockade of nozzles.2. Danger of blockade of nozzles.
3. Change in spacing of nozzles.3. Change in spacing of nozzles.
4. Shallow root depth.4. Shallow root depth.
5. Maintenance problem due to leakage and5. Maintenance problem due to leakage and
plugging.plugging.
6. Cannot be implemented for small lands.6. Cannot be implemented for small lands.

13. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Drip irrigation is a latest sub-surface method ofDrip irrigation is a latest sub-surface method of
irrigating water with higher water demands inirrigating water with higher water demands in
arid region. It may not be applicable to allarid region. It may not be applicable to all
farms. Yet, when properly designed, installedfarms. Yet, when properly designed, installed
and managed, drip irrigation may achieve waterand managed, drip irrigation may achieve water
conservation by reducing evaporation and deepconservation by reducing evaporation and deep
drainage when compared to other types ofdrainage when compared to other types of
irrigation such as flood or overhead sprinklersirrigation such as flood or overhead sprinklers
since water can be more precisely applied to thesince water can be more precisely applied to the
plant roots. In addition, drip can eliminateplant roots. In addition, drip can eliminate
many diseases that are spread through watermany diseases that are spread through water
contact with the foliage.contact with the foliage.