1) Gulkand is a preparation made from rose petals and sugar in a 1:1 ratio that is used to treat stomach ulcers and reduce acidity. It is made by layering rose petals and sugar in a bottle and letting it sit in sunlight for 10 days. 2) The minimum vase life for cut roses and bouvardia flowers is 7 days. Vase life depends on factors like the variety, harvest stage, temperature after harvest, and cleanliness. 3) Gaillardia belongs to the plant family Asteraceae.

1. WITH EXPLANATION
PART
8
TOP LEVEL
HINDI

2. Gray mould in cut rose is treated by
the action..?
(a). Spraying NaOCL.
(b). Dusting NaOCL.
(c). Dipping in NaOCL.
(d). All of the above.

3. (d). All of the above.
Grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea infection
on rose (Rosa hybrida L.) petals,
It is a common disease of greenhouse roses, that
significantly reduces the ornamental value of the cut
flowers.

4. Ratio of rose petals and sugar in
preparation of gulkand should be..?
(a). 1:2.
(b). 2:1.
(c). 1:1.
(d). 4:1.

5. (c). 1:1.
•The flowers of Rosa × damascena,
more commonly known as the
the Damascus rose, are used for
making Gulkand.
•Gulkand is a powerful antioxidant
and a very good rejuvenator.

6. •Consuming 1 – 2 teaspoons
of gulkand helps to reduce acidity
and stomach heat.
•It also helps in treating ulcers and
prevents swelling in the intestine.
• Gulkand helps to treat mouth ulcers,
strengthens teeth and gums

7. •Weigh the Rose petals and weigh
equal amount of sugar

8. •Wash the rose petals in clean
running water

9. •Add the Rose petals and sugar in layers in
the bottle
•Close the bottle with the lid or cover
with a clean white cloth and keep it in
sun light. You can add more layers of
Rose petals and sugar to the full capacity
of the bottle.
•Rose Gulkand or Rose petal jam is ready
in about ten days.
• The Gulkand can be stored in the fridge
for about 6 months.

10. Chemical disbudding is practiced in?
(a). Chrysanthemum.
(b). Rose.
(c). Marigold.
(d). Lily.

11. (a). Chrysanthemum.
•Disbudding. To produce large flowers, it is
essential that each flower stem should
be disbudded.
•This consists of removing all buds and side-
shoots, just leaving the terminal (top) bud.
•The chemical 2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-l,4-
oxathiin,

13. Cut flower known as queen of flower
is..?
(a). Carnation.
(b). Rose.
(c). Lotus.
(d). Marigold.
(b). Rose.

14. Minimum vas life of rose and
bouvarida is..?
(a). 5 days.
(b). 7 days.
(c). 10 days.
(d). 12 days.

15. •Bouvardia is a genus of flowering plants in the
Rubiaceae family, which contains about 30 species
of evergreen herbs and shrubs.
This flowering shrub is also known as 'Firecracker
bush', 'Trumpetellia' and 'Hummingbird flower'.
(b). 7 days.

16. •Vase life is the period during which a cut
flower or cut foliage retains its
appearance in a vase.
•This is a major consideration in identifying
plant species suitable for use in floristry,
plants with a long vase life being far more
desirable than those with a short vase
life.

17. FACTORS
The variety itself. Some flowers last a
day, some last 3 weeks. Even within
species, there can be big differences in
vase life among types and cultivars.
For example, single-stem sunflowers
last several days longer than branching
varieties

18. Stage at harvest. Most flowers can and should
be picked before they are fully open, after which
they continue to open in water.
Picking at the optimally early stage gives the
end-user a longer vase life than waiting until the
flower is fully opened.
Floral preservatives can help in this regard
because they contain sugar, which helps sustain
the flower as it continues to open and develop
good color.

19. •Time of day at harvest. Flowers
should be picked in the morning or
evening; picking during the heat of
the day makes it more difficult for the
flower stem to uptake water, resulting
in shorter vase life.

20. •Temperature and light after
harvest. Flowers that are exposed to heat
and direct sun after harvest will suffer.
Some, though not all, can be stored in a
cold cooler to prolong vase life.
•All will benefit from being held in an air-
conditioned room, out of direct sunlight

21. •Cleanliness. Once flowers are cut, they
take up water through their stems.
Bacteria can clog the stems, reducing
water uptake and causing them to wilt
prematurely. Therefore, it is imperative to
reduce the chance of bacterial
contamination

22. Which is a loose flower..?
(a). Marigold.
(b). Jasmine.
(c). China aster.
(d). All of the above.
(d). All of the above.

23. Cut flower is a flower which is cut from the stem
Loose flowers are plucked from plants without
stalk just below the calyx.
For Loose flower and concrete
extraction: Individual florets are plucked during
early morning hours before 8 am daily, when they
start to open.
For cut flower: Whole spike is cut leaving 4 to 6 cm
from the base

24. Loose flowers
barleria
bedding dahlia,
 calotropis,
chrysanthemum (spray
type),
 chandni,
crossandra,
 eranthemum,
gaillardia,
lotus,
marigold,
rose (fragrant desi type),
 shoe flower (hibiscus),
sunflower,
tuberose,
water lily,
jasmine,
kamini,
kaner (yellow and red),

25. Family of gaillardia is..?
(a). Asteraceae.
(b). Compositeae.
(c). Rosaceae.
(d). Meliaceae.
(a). Asteraceae.