Matter and forces unit 7
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Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Some atoms join together to form molecules. There are several properties of matter including volume, mass, thermal conductivity, density, hardness, and solubility. Matter exists as pure substances made of only one type of atom or molecule, or as mixtures made of two or more pure substances that can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. Forces can act on objects through contact like friction and buoyancy or non-contact like magnetism and gravity.
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This document summarizes key concepts about matter and forces. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. The properties of matter include color, odor, taste, hardness, density, volume, solubility, and thermal conductivity. Matter exists as pure substances or mixtures. Forces can be contact forces like friction and buoyancy, or non-contact forces like magnetism and gravity. Forces cause interactions between objects and changes in motion or shape.
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This document discusses matter and forces. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. It describes the properties of matter including volume, mass, flexibility, hardness, resistance, and conductivity. It then discusses pure substances and mixtures, distinguishing between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. It explains how to separate mixtures using filtration, distillation, and evaporation. The document also covers the different states of matter and changes between states caused by temperature changes. It defines physical and chemical changes. Finally, it describes different types of forces and how forces can cause motion, deformation, and breaking of materials.
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This document discusses different properties of matter and types of forces. It defines volume, density, mass, hardness, thermal conductivity, solubility, and density as key properties of matter. It also explains that matter can be pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances consist of only one type of matter, while mixtures contain two or more substances and can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. The document then discusses different types of forces, including non-contact forces like magnetism and gravity, and contact forces such as friction and buoyancy.
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Matter is composed of atoms and has properties like color, odor, taste, volume, density, and mass. There are pure substances made of only one type of atom and mixtures made of two or more substances that can be either homogeneous, where the substances cannot be seen individually, or heterogeneous, where they can. Forces can push or pull on objects, making them move, stop, speed up, slow down, or change direction and shape. Non-contact forces include magnetism and gravity, while contact forces involve friction between objects and buoyancy, which allows things to float.
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Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter has certain characteristics including mass, which is the amount of matter an object contains, and volume, which is the space an object occupies. Matter also has properties like hardness, brittleness, elasticity, and density. Forces are interactions between bodies that can start or change the motion of an object by increasing, decreasing, or changing the direction of its speed. Different materials like plastic, elastic, and brittle substances change shape or properties like thermal conductivity, transparency, and impermeability differently when forces act on them. Common materials we use include clay, plastic, copper, windows, wood, ceramics, and concrete.
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Matter is composed of atoms and has properties including color, odor, taste, volume, density, mass, hardness, and solubility. There are two main types of matter: pure substances, which are made of only one type of atom, and mixtures, which are made of two or more substances. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, where the substances cannot be seen individually, or heterogeneous, where individual substances are visible. Different methods can be used to separate substances in mixtures, including filtration, evaporation, and sieving.
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Matter is composed of atoms and has properties including color, odor, taste, volume, density, mass, hardness, and solubility. There are two main types of matter: pure substances, which are made of only one type of atom, and mixtures, which are made of two or more substances. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, where the substances cannot be seen individually, or heterogeneous, where individual substances are visible. Different methods can be used to separate substances in mixtures, including filtration, evaporation, and sieving.
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This document summarizes key concepts about matter and forces. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. The properties of matter include color, odor, taste, hardness, density, volume, solubility, and thermal conductivity. Matter exists as pure substances or mixtures. Forces can be contact forces like friction and buoyancy, or non-contact forces like magnetism and gravity. Forces cause interactions between objects and changes in motion or shape.
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Matter is composed of atoms and has properties like color, odor, taste, volume, density, and mass. There are pure substances made of only one type of atom and mixtures made of two or more substances that can be either homogeneous, where the substances cannot be seen individually, or heterogeneous, where they can. Forces can push or pull on objects, making them move, stop, speed up, slow down, or change direction and shape. Non-contact forces include magnetism and gravity, while contact forces involve friction between objects and buoyancy, which allows things to float.
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Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter has certain characteristics including mass, which is the amount of matter an object contains, and volume, which is the space an object occupies. Matter also has properties like hardness, brittleness, elasticity, and density. Forces are interactions between bodies that can start or change the motion of an object by increasing, decreasing, or changing the direction of its speed. Different materials like plastic, elastic, and brittle substances change shape or properties like thermal conductivity, transparency, and impermeability differently when forces act on them. Common materials we use include clay, plastic, copper, windows, wood, ceramics, and concrete.
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Matter is composed of atoms and has properties including color, odor, taste, volume, density, mass, hardness, and solubility. There are two main types of matter: pure substances, which are made of only one type of atom, and mixtures, which are made of two or more substances. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, where the substances cannot be seen individually, or heterogeneous, where individual substances are visible. Different methods can be used to separate substances in mixtures, including filtration, evaporation, and sieving.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
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Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Matter and forces unit 7
- 1. ÁNGEL AYUSO-MORALES MOYA 5º PRIMARIA MAESTRO JUAN DE ÁVILA NATURAL SCIENCE UNIT 7
- 2. ATOMS-> Matter is made out of tiny particles called atoms MOLECULES-> Some atoms join together to make groups know as molecules.
- 3. COLORS ODOUR TASTE VOLUME: Describes how much space matter occupies. We measure volume in milliliters (ml) 1000 milliliters = 1 litre MASS: Is the amount of matter in an object. We measure mass in grams (g) 1000 grams = 1 kilogram
- 4. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY-> Is the ability of certain substances to conduct o transfer heat. Metals, such as iron or copper, are good heat conductors, while materials such as wool, wood, paper, plastic or glass are good heat insulators. DENSITY-> Is the amount of matter in a volume. We measure density in kilograms per litre (kg/l) Density = mass/volume
- 5. HARDNESS-> Is the scratch-resistance of a solid. Diamonds are the hardest natural solids. SOLUBILITY-> Is the ability of a substance to dissolve in other substance and form a solution. Sugar dissolves well in water, whereas oil does not.
- 6. PURE SUBSTANCES-> Consist of only one type of matter. Such as table salt or silver
- 7. MIXTURES (made up two or more pure substances) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE: (You can see the individual substances. Such as sand or a salad). HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE (You cannot see the individual substances. Such as the air we breathe or sea water).
- 9. FILTRATION-> Using a filter. When we pour the juice of a lemon through a filter, the solids stay in the filter, and the liquid passes through it.
- 10. EVAPORATION-> Heating. When we heat a mixture of salt and water, the liquid evaporates and leaves only the solids which crystallise and form salt crystals.
- 11. SIEVING-> Using sieve. We use sieve to separate solids of different sizes, such as pebbles from sand.
- 12. FORCE-> Is a push or pull that acts on an object. Can make things: *move *stop *speed up *slow down *change direction
- 13. TYPES OF FORCES NON-CONTACT FORCES (act through physical contact) CONTACT FORCES (They act through physical contact)
- 14. CONTACT FORCES (They act through physical contact) -FRICTION-> Force when two objects rub against each other. Its acts in the opposite direction of the movement. E.g. Air (parachute) Water (kayak or boat) - BUOYANCY-> is the ability of objects to float. It is upward force acting in the opposite direction to gravity.
- 15. NON-CONTACT FORCES (act through physical contact) -MAGNETISM: Is a force of attraction or repulsion (magnets attract metal and make compasses work) - GRAVITY: Is a force which attracts all objects towards each other. Planets have a stronger gravitational force. Astronauts float because in space there is no gravity.
- 16. STATES OF MATTER